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The influence of explicit tidal forcing in a climate ocean circulation model

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第9期35卷 42-50页

作者： YU Yi liu Hailong LAN Jian Physical Oceanography Laboratory Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and TechnologyOcean University of China State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The eight main tidal constituents have been implemented in the global ocean general circulation model with approximate 1° horizontal *** with the observation data,the patterns of the tidal amplitudes and phases had been simulated fairly *** responses of mean circulation,temperature and salinity are further investigated in the global *** implementing the tidal forcing,wind-driven circulations are reduced,especially those in coastal *** is also found that the upper cell transport of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation（AMOC） reduces significantly,while its deep cell transport is slightly enhanced from 9×106m3/s to 10×106 m3/*** changes of circulations are all related to the increase of a bottom friction and a vertical viscosity due to the tidal *** temperature and salinity of the model are also significantly affected by the tidal forcing through the enhanced bottom friction,mixing and the changes in mean *** largest changes occur in the coastal regions,where the water is cooled and *** the open ocean,the changes are divided into three layers：cooled and freshened on the surface and below 3 000 m,and warmed and salted in the middle in the open *** the upper two layers,the changes are mainly caused by the enhanced mixing,as warm and salty water sinks and cold and fresh water rises;whereas in the deep layer,the enhancement of the deep overturning circulation accounts for the cold and fresh changes in the deep ocean.

关键词： tidal forcing tidal mixing ocean general circulation model wind-driven circulation Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

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Understanding the Surface Temperature Cold Bias in CMIP5 AGCMs over the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2017年第12期34卷 1447-1460页

作者： Xiaolei CHEN Yimin liu Guoxiong WU State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences

The temperature biases of 2. CMIP5 AGCMs are evaluated over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) for the period 1979–2.05. The results demonstrate that the majority of CMIP5 models underestimate annual and seasonal mean surface 2.m air temperatures(Tas) over the TP. In addition, the ensemble of the 2. AGCMs and half of the individual models underestimate annual mean skin temperatures(Ts) over the TP. The cold biases are larger in Tasthan in Ts, and are larger over the western TP. By decomposing the Tsbias using the surface energy budget equation, we investigate the contributions to the cold surface temperature bias on the TP from various factors, including the surface albedo-induced bias, surface cloud radiative forcing, clear-sky shortwave radiation, clear-sky downward longwave radiation, surface sensible heat flux, latent heat flux,and heat storage. The results show a suite of physically interlinked processes contributing to the cold surface temperature *** negative surface albedo-induced bias associated with excessive snow cover and the surface heat fluxes are highly anticorrelated, and the cancelling out of these two terms leads to a relatively weak contribution to the cold bias. Smaller surface turbulent fluxes lead to colder lower-tropospheric temperature and lower water vapor content, which in turn cause negative clear-sky downward longwave radiation and cold bias. The results suggest that improvements in the parameterization of the area of snow cover, as well as the boundary layer, and hence surface turbulent fluxes, may help to reduce the cold bias over the TP in the models.

关键词： surface temperature cold bias CMIP5 AMIP Tibetan Plateau surface energy budget

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An assessment of summer sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau from eight data sets

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Science china Earth sciences 2012年第5期55卷 779-786页

作者： ZHU XiaYing liu YiMin WU GuoXiong State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The eight datasets of the summer (June-August) surface sensible heat (SH) flux over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are compared on the time scales of the climatology,interannual variability and linear trend during *** data sets include five reanalyses (National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis,NCEPR1 and NCEPR2.NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis,CFSR,Japanese 2.-year reanalysis,JRA,and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis,ERA40),two land surface model outputs (Noah model data of Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2.G2.Noah,and Simple Biosphere version 2.output by Yang et al.,YSiB2.,and estimated SH based on china Meteorological Administration (CMA) station observations,*** results suggest that the summer SH on the TP differs from one dataset to another due to different inputs and ***,the ERA40 and JRA distribute rather uniformly while the other six products show similar regional disparities,that is,larger in the west than in the east and stronger in the north and the south than in the middle of the *** mean magnitude of the SH averaged over the 76 stations above the TP varies considerably among each dataset with the difference of more than 2. W m?2.between the maximum (G2.Noah) and minimum (ObCh).Nevertheless,they are consistent in the interannual variability and mostly show a significant decreasing trend corresponding to the weakening surface wind speed,in spite of the distinct trend for the ground-air temperature difference among the different data *** two consistencies indicate the particular availability of the SH products,which is helpful to the relevant climate dynamics research.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau sensible heat flux assessment interannual variation linear trend

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Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第2期48卷 250-257页

作者： DUAN Anmin liu Yimin WU Guoxiong State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China

Based on the 1958-1999 monthly averaged reanalysis data of the National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for atmospheric Research(NCAR)and the rainfall data of 160 chinese surface stations,the relationship between rainfall and the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia(EA)in July and the sensible heating(SH)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from April to June(AMJ)is investigated by using the rotational experimental orthogonal function(REOF)*** results show that the TP is an isolated heating source in this *** lagged correlation analysis between the first rotational principal component(RPC)of SH over the TP in May and rainfall of EA in July demonstrates that strong SH over the TP before July leads to a positive rainfall anomaly over the TP,the valley between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River,and the regions south and southeast of the TP,and the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,but less rainfall anomaly over the regions north,northeast,and west of the *** rainfall anomaly patterns are shown to be well coordinated with those of the circulation and vapor flux fields,and are explained by using the thermal adaptation theory and quasi-stationary large-scale vorticity ***,the status of SH over the TP during AMJ can be used as a predictor for the rainfall anomaly over EA,especially in the valley between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau sensible heating East Asia rainfall circulation.

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ITF in a coupled GCM and its interannual variability related to ENSO and IOD

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第1期25卷 32-47页

作者： LI Wei LI Zhaoxin liu Hailong State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique CNRS Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France

The interannual variability of the mass transport of the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） is very possible to be connected with the E1 Nino-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） in the Pacific Ocean and/or the Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. The IPSL （institute Pierre-Simon Laplace） coupled general circulation model （CGCM） was employed to examine the interannual variability of the ITF and understand its relationship with the climatic variation in both the basins. A 1 000 a integration was conducted and an annual mean model output was utilized. The pathways of the simulated ITF are reasonable within the Indonesian seas. The major transport occurs in the upper 300 m, with an annual mean transport of 15.68×106 m^3/s, among which the 13.83×1^6 m^3/s through the Makassar Strait is the principal component. The interannual variability of the ITF transport is significant in a 2.4 a period. The relationship between sea level differences across the Indonesian seas （sites in the western Pacific north of the equator and south coast of Java, respectively） and the ITF transport is straightforward on the interannual time-scale with a simultaneous correlation of 0.82. Further investigation indicates that the preceding climatic variation in the tropical Pacific is related to the ITF transport anomaly. The ENSO-like pattem leads the extreme of ITF transport by 1 a, with the correlation between a Nifio 3 SST index and the ITF transport of 0.37. It means that there tends to be an E1 Nino anomaly in the Pacific 1 a before a large ITF transport. The simultaneous correlation between the Nino 3 SST index and the ITF transport is -0.34. The patterns of sea surface temperature and sea surface height are, however, not the typical ENSO anomaly. The ITF transport is more related to the concurrent interannual variability over the Indian Ocean. The simultaneous correlation between the ITF transport and the dipole mode index is 0.46 and the pattem of upper layer anomaly is much like that of the IOD.

关键词： Indonesian Throughflow ENSO interannual variability

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The analysis of gales over the “Maritime Silk Road” with remote sensing data

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第9期36卷 15-22页

作者： liu Yuanxin YIN Xiaobin XU Youping College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China Marine Department Beijing Piesat Information Technology Co. Ltd Beijing 100195 China The State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics (LASG) Institude of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10029 China

The 2.st century ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ strategy is a significant part of the belt and road initiatives of china. The cognition and investigation of ocean environment is essential and necessary in these regions which will provide scientific reference for many fields such as navigation, ocean engineering, and disaster prevent and reduction. A high-resolution cross-calibrated multi-platform wind product is used to analyze gales over the Maritime Silk Road. The yearly mean speed and space distribution of gale, and the frequencies and trends of gale and extreme wind speed are analyzed. The results show that relatively high pools of gale are mainly located in the waters of the Arabian Sea, the Somali Sea, Indo-china Peninsula sea area, and Bay of Bengal in the summer. The gale frequency of the Somali Sea is more than 90%. Overall, the gale days increase year by year in the majority of the South china Sea and the northern Indian Ocean, especially in the autumn and the winter.

关键词： Maritime Silk Road gale climate change trend

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numerical simulation of an extreme haze pollution event over the North china Plain based on initial and boundary condition ensembles

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第6期12卷 434-443页

作者： LI Xiaobin liu Hongbo ZHANG Ziyin liu Juanjuan State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina

The North china Plain often su ers heavy haze pollution events in the cold season due to the rapid industrial development and urbanization in recent *** the winter of 2.15,the megacity cluster of Beijing Tianjin Hebei experienced a seven-day extreme haze pollution episode with peak PM2.5(particulate matter(PM)with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm)concentration of 72.μg m *** the in uence of meteorological conditions on pollu-tant evolution,the e ects of varying initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions(LBCs)of the WRF-Chem model on PM2.5 concentration variation were investigated through ensemble methods.A control run(CTRL)and three groups of ensemble experiments(INDE,BDDE,INBDDE)were carried out based on difierent initial conditions and LBCs derived from ERA5 reanalysis data and its 10 ensemble *** CTRL run reproduced the meteorological conditions and the overall life cycle of the haze event reasonably well,but failed to capture the intense oscillation of the instantaneous PM2.5 ***,the ensemble forecasting showed a considerable advantage to some *** with the CTRL run,the root-mean-square error(RMSE)of PM2.5 concentration decreased by 4.33%,6.91%,and 8.44%in INDE,BDDE and INBDDE,respectively,and the RMSE decreases of wind direction(5.19%,8.89%and 9.61%)were the dominant reason for the improvement of PM2.5 concentration in the three ensemble *** on this case,the ensemble scheme seems an e ective method to improve the prediction skill of wind direction and PM2.5 concentration by using the WRF-Chem model.

关键词： Haze pollution PM 2.5 WRF Chem initial and lateral boundary conditions ensemble forecasting

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Two types of summertime heating over Asian large-scale orography and excitation of potential-vorticity forcing *** heating over Tibetan-Iranian Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2017年第4期60卷 733-744页

作者： liu YiMin WANG ZiQian ZHUO HaiFeng WU GuoXiong State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijing 100029China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100029China School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Based on analysis and simulation,the interaction of thermal forcing between the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and Iranian Plateau(IP) in summer is *** influences on water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region and the formation of a cold center in the lower stratosphere over Eurasia are also *** show that surface sensible heating(SH) over the two plateaus not only have mutual influences but also feedback to each *** over the IP can reduce the SH and increase the LH over the TP,whereas the SH over the TP can increase surface heating over the IP,thereby reaching quasi-equilibrium among the SH and LH over the TP,IP SH and atmosphere vertical ***,the so-called Tibetan-Iranian Plateau coupling system(TIPS) is constructed,which influences atmosphere *** the TIPS system,interaction between surface SH and LH over the TP plays a leading *** of the IP and TP influences on other regions not only have superimposed effects but also mutually *** for contributions to the convergence of water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region,TP SH contributes more than twice that of the *** combined influence of SH over TP and IP represents the major contribution to the convergence of water vapor transport in that *** addition,the heating effect of TIPS increases the upper tropospheric temperature maximum and lifts the tropopause,cooling the lower *** with large-scale thermal forcing of the Eurasian continent,the TIPS produces a strong anticyclonic circulation and the South Asian High that warms the upper troposphere and cools the lower stratosphere,thereby affecting regional and global weather and climate.

关键词： Rainfall-induced landslides Susceptibility Rainfall I-D thresholds Spatio-temporal Simulation

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Two types of summertime heating over the Asian large-scale orography and excitation of potential-vorticity forcing I. Over Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2016年第10期59卷 1996-2008页

作者： WU GuoXiong ZHUO HaiFeng WANG ZiQian liu YiMin State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen University

Based on numerical simulation, this study explored the characteristics and interactions of surface sensible heating and atmospheric latent heating over the main part of the Tibetan Plateau, i.e., terrain at elevations >2.km in summer. The impacts of these two types of heating on local vertical motion and monsoonal meridional circulation were compared. Theoretical analysis and numerical experimentation demonstrated that by changing the configuration of the upper-tropospheric air temperature and circulation, the two types of heating could generate both minimum absolute vorticity and abnormal potential vorticity forcing near the tropopause, enhance the meridional circulation of the Asian summer monsoon, and produce an eastward-propagating Rossby wave train within the mid-latitude westerly flow. Consequently, the manifestations of these features were shown to influence the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Surface sensible heating Latent heating Monsoonal meridional circulation Potential vorticity forcing

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Comparisons of GCM cloud cover parameterizations with cloud-resolving model explicit simulations

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Science china Earth sciences 2015年第4期58卷 604-614页

作者： WANG XiaoCong liu YiMin BAO Qing WU GuoXiong State key Laboratory of numerical {2. for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Three kinds of the widely-used cloudiness parameterizations are compared with data produced from the cloud-resolving model(CRM) simulations of the tropical cloud system. The investigated schemes include those based on relative humidity(RH), the semi-empirical scheme using cloud condensate as a predictor, and the statistical scheme based on probability distribution functions(PDFs). Results show that all three schemes are successful in reproducing the timing of cloud generation, except for the RH-based scheme, in which low-level clouds are artificially simulated during cloudless days. In contrast, the low-level clouds are well simulated in the semi-empirical and PDF-based statistical schemes, both of which are close to the CRM explicit simulations. In addition to the Gaussian PDF, two alternative PDFs are also explored to investigate the impact of different PDFs on cloud parameterizations. All the PDF-based parameterizations are found to be inaccurate for high cloud simulations, in either the magnitude or the structure. The primary reason is that the investigated PDFs are symmetrically assumed, yet the skewness factors in deep convective cloud regimes are highly significant, indicating the symmetrical assumption is not well satisfied in those regimes. Results imply the need to seek a skewed PDF in statistical schemes so that it can yield better performance in high cloud simulations.

关键词： cloud cover relative humidity statistical cloud scheme PDFs CRM KWAJEX

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