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Influence of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in Tarim Basin by faulting

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 53-60页

作者： L XiuXiang1,2,yang Ning1,2,ZHOU XinYuan3.yang HaiJun3.& LI JianJiao1,2 1 Faculty of Natural resource & Information Technology,{3.,Beijing 102249,china 2 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,{3.,Beijing 102249,china 3.Tarim Oilfield,Petrochina,Korla 841000,china china Univ Petr Fac Nat Resource & Informat Technol Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Korla 841000 Peoples R China

The quality of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin is closely related to the development of secondary pores,fractures and cavities. Karstification is important in improving the properties of reservoir beds,and karstification related to unconformity has caught wide attention. Compared with the recent research on the unconformity karst reservoir bed improvement,this paper shows a new way of carbonate reservoir bed transformation. Based on field survey,core and slices observation,transformation of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds by faulting can be classified into three types: (1) Secondary faults and fracturs generated by faulting improved carbonate reservoir bed properties,which were named the Lunnan or Tazhong82 model; (2) upflow of deep geothermal fluids caused by faulting,with some components metasomatizing with carbonate and forming some secon-dary deposit,such as fluorite. It can improve carbonate reservoir bed properties obviously and is named the Tazhong 82 model; and (3. the faulting extending up to the surface increased the depth of supergene karstification and the thickness of reservoir bed. It is named the Hetianhe model. Trans-formation effect of carbonate reservoir beds by faulting was very significant,mainly distributed on the slopes or on the edge or plunging end of the uplift.

关键词： carbonate faulting reservoir transformation Ordovician Tarim Basin

Numerical experiments for the conductive properties of saturated rock

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 174-180页

作者： YUE WenZheng & TAO Guo state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

The reservoir evaluation as a key technology in oil exploration and production is based on the electrical transport property (ETP) of saturated rock that is described in a mathematical form with Arhcie’s equa-tion. But there have been increasing cases observed in many researches indicating that the ETP is non-Archie especially for the complex reservoir with low porosity and permeability. In this paper,the numerical experiments based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been employed to study the effect of porous structure and fluids on the ETP for revealing the nature of non-Archie phenomenon in micro-scale. The results of numerical experiments have proved that the saturation exponent n is a function of water saturation and porosity instead of being a constant in Archie’s equation. And then,a new formula has been developed for the EPT through combining the result of numerical simulation with that of laboratory measurements. The calculations from the new formula show very good agreement with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formula over the conventional methods in non-Archie rock.

关键词： electrical transport property non-Archie phenomenon fluid saturation porous media Lattice Boltzmann method

Wave coupling between the Tianshan orogen and the deformations in its south and north foreland basins in Cenozoic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 61-69页

作者： CHEN ShuPing1,2,TANG LiangJie & YU YiXin1,2 1 state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 Department of Geoscience,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr Dept Geosci Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Attention has been paid to the deformations in the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains and their relations to the tectonic movements of the mountains. Based on the seismic data interpretation and field work,the tectonic features,tectonic styles,controlling factors of deformation,deformation time,and their relationships in the three tectonic units were comparably studied. The Ce-nozoic deformations in the two foreland basins were characterized by zonation from south to north,segmentation from west to east,and layering from deep to shallow. The tectonic styles are compres-sive ones,including both basement-involved and cover-detaching. The two foreland basins underwent several times of deformation in Cenozoic and the deformations were transmitted from the Tianshan orogen to the inner basin. The deformation dynamics of the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains can be represented by dynamics of orogenic wedges. In terms of the deformations of the wedges with wave-like features,the concept of a wave orogenic wedge was put forward,and a double wave orogenic wedge model was established.

关键词： Tianshan orogen basin-mountain coupling tectonics wave orogenic wedge

Effects of boundary conditions on vibrating mode of acoustic logging dipole transducer

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 195-200页

作者： QIAO WenXiao,CHE XiaoHua & ZHANG Fei state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 1. state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Acoustic transducer is an important part of acoustic well logging tool. In this paper,ANSYS software package is used to design acoustic dipole transducer and simulate vibrating mode of the dipole transducer in different mechanical boundary conditions. The results show that boundary conditions influence the number of vibrating mode in the same frequency band and the frequency value of the same vibrating mode. Several acoustic dipole transducers are designed according to the results of numerical simulation and laboratory measurements. The basic frequency of vibrating mode of experi-ment has good agreement with that of simulation. The numerical simulation plays a good guidance role in designing,producing and correctly installing the acoustic dipole transducer.

关键词： acoustic dipole transducer vibrating mode basic frequency acoustic well logging

Advanced fluid-typing methods for NMR logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 163-169页

作者： Xie Ranhong Xiao Lizhi state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In recent years, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） has been increasingly used for fluid- typing in well-logging because of the improved generations of NMR logging tools. This paper first discusses the applicable conditions of two one-dimensional NMR methods： the dual TW method and dual TE method. Then, the two-dimensional （T2, D） and （T2, T1） NMR methods are introduced. These different typing methods for hydrocarbon are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that the dual TW method is not suitable for identifying a macroporous water layer. The dual TE method is not suitable for typing gas and irreducible water. （T2, T1） method is more effective in typing a gas layer. In an oil-bearing layer of movable water containing big pores, （T2, T1） method can solve the misinterpretation problem in the dual TWmethod between a water layer with big pores and an oil layer. The （T2, T1） method can distinguish irreducible water from oil of a medium viscosity, and the viscosity range of oil becomes wide in contrast with that of the dual TW method. The （T2, D） method is more effective in typing oil and water layers. In a gas layer, when the SNR is higher than a threshold, the （T2, D） method can resolve the overlapping T2 signals of irreducible water and gas that occurs due to the use of the dual TE method. Twodimensional NMR for fluid-typing is an important development of well logging technology.

关键词： NMR logging one-dimensional NMR two-dimensional NMR reservoir evaluation fluidtyping

Characteristics of fluid substitution in porous rocks

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Li Shengjie School of resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Analysis of the effect of changes in fluid properties of rocks on the compressional-wave velocity VP and shear-wave velocity Vs is very important for understanding the rock physical properties, especially in oilfield exploration and development. The fluid substitution process was analyzed by using ultrasonic measurement and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the effect of fluid substitution on the rock elastic modulus was mainly controlled by fluid properties, saturation, and confining pressure. For a rock with specific properties and porosity, the result of theoretical prediction for fluid substitution accorded with the experimental result under high confining pressure （higher than 60 MPa for our experimental data）, but failed to describe the trend of experimental result under low confining pressure and VP predicted by Gassmann＇s equation was higher than that measured by experiment. A higher porosity resulted in stronger sensitivity of the bulk modulus of saturated rocks to the change of fluid properties.

关键词： Fluid substitution velocity bulk modulus porosity saturation

Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 157-162页

作者： Lu Jing Wu Xiling key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

关键词： Horizontal wells elongated bubble flow flow patterns identification drift-flux model,logging interpretation model

Wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and their effects on seismic imaging

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petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 308-313页

作者： Di Bangrang Xu Xiucang wei Jianxin key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Acquisition footprint is a new concept to describe the seismic noise in three-dimensional seismic exploration and it is closely related to geometry and observation shuttering. At present, the study on acquisition footprints has become a hot spot. In partnership with the Dagang Oilfield, we used the channel sand body seismic physical model to study the characteristics of wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and analyzed and compared the two types of footprints and their effects on target imaging. In addition, the footprints caused by data processing of the normal moveout offset （NMO） stretching aberration were discussed. These footprints are located only in the shallow or middle layer in the time slice, and possibly affect the imaging of shallow target layers, and have no influence on deep target imaging. Seismic physical modeling has its advantages in the study of acquisition footprints.

关键词： Wide/narrow azimuth geometry acquisition footprint stretching aberration time slice seismic imaging

Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1,2,TANG LiangJie1,2,LI RuFeng1,2 & PANG XiongQi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 {3. key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 1. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. state key laboratory of {3. resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin