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Model Analysis of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Effect on Clouds over East Asia

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： GAO Yi ZHANG Mei-Gen liu xiao-hong ZHAO Chun State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA

A coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model WRF-Chem （Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry） was used to conduct a pair of simulations with present-day （PD） and preindustrial （P1） emissions over East Asia to examine the aerosol indirect effect on clouds. As a result of an increase in aerosols in January, the cloud droplet number increased by 650 cm-3 over the ocean and East China, 400 cm-3 over Central and Southwest China, and less than 200 cm-3 over North China. The cloud liquid water path （LWP） increased by 40-60 g m-2 over the ocean and Southeast China and 30 g m-2 over Central China; the LWP in- creased less than 5 g m-2 or decreased by 5 g m2 over North China. The effective radius （Re） decreased by more than 4 pm over Southwest, Central, and Southeast China and 2 pm over North China. In July, variations in cloud properties were more uniform; the cloud droplet number increased by approximately 250400 cm-3, the LWP increased by approximately 30-50 g m 2, and Re decreased by approximately 3 μm over most regions of China. In response to cloud property changes from PI to PD, shortwave （SW） cloud radiative m-2 over the ocean and 10 forcing strengthened by 30 W W m-2 over Southeast China, and it weakened slightly by approximately 2-10 W m-2 over Central and Southwest China in January. In July, SW cloud radiative forcing strengthened by 15 W m-2 over Southeast and North China and weakened by l0 W m-2 over Central China. The different responses of SW cloud radiative forcing in different regions was related to cloud feedbacks and natural variability.

关键词： WRF-Chem aerosol indirect effect cloud properties cloud radiative forcing

Mitochondrial DNA diversity and origin of indigenous pigs in South China and their contribution to western modern pig breeds

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2338-2350页

作者： WANG Chen CHEN Yao-sheng HAN Jian-lin MO De-lin LI Xiu-jin liu xiao-hong State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006P.R.China CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Nairobi 00100Kenya

Indigenous pigs in South China are valuable genetic resources with many specific and unique characters, which have played an important role in the establishment of some western modern pig breeds. However, the origin and genetic diversity of indigenous pigs in South China have not been fully understood. In the present study, we sequenced 534 novel mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop and assembled 54 complete mitogenome sequences for all 17 indigenous pig breeds from Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in South China. These data were analyzed together with previously published homologous sequences relevant to this study. We found that all 13 coding genes of the mitogenomes were under purifying selection, but ND1 had the most variable sites and CYTB contained the most non-synonymous SNPs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all indigenous pigs in South China were clustered into the D haplogroup with D1a1, D1b, D1c and D1e sub-haplogroups found to be dominant. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities of D-loop sequences ranged from 0.427 to 0.899 and from 0.00342 to 0.00695, respectively, among which all pigs in Guangdong had the lowest diversity. The estimates of pairwise FST, gene flow (Nm) and genetic distance (Da) indicated that most of these indigenous pig breeds differentiated from each other significantly (P<0.05). Among the western modern breeds, Berkshire and Yorkshire had significant Asian matrilineal footprints from indigenous pigs in South China, especially the Spotted pigs distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. The neutrality test (Fu’s FS) indicated that indigenous pigs from Fujian and Guangxi had gone through recent population expansion events (P<0.05). It is concluded that indigenous pigs in South China were most likely derived from the Mekong region and the middle and downstream regions of Yangtze River through Guangxi and Fujian. Our findings provide a complete and in-depth insight on the origin and distribution pattern of maternal genetic diversity of indigen

关键词： pig South China mitogenome D-loop genetic diversity

Superior tribological properties of an amorphous carbon film with a graphite-like structure

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第1期21卷 320-328页

作者： Wang Yong-Jun Li hong-Xuan Ji Li liu xiao-hong Wu Yan-Xia Zhou Hui-Di Chen Jian-Min State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Amorphous carbon films with high sp2 concentrations are deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering with a narrow range of substrate bias voltage. Field emission scanning electron microscopes （FESEMs）, high resolution transmission electron microscopes （HRTEMs）, atomic force microscopes （AFMs）, the Raman spectrometers, nano- indentation, and tribometers are subsequently used to characterize the microstructures and the properties of the resulting films. It is found that the present films are dominated by the sp2 sites. However, the films demonstrate a moderate hardness together with a low internal stress. The high hardness of the deposited film originates from the crosslinking of the sp2 clusters by the sp3 sites. The presence of the graphite-like clusters in the film structure may be responsible for the low internal stress. What is more important is that the resulting films show excellent tribological properties with high load capacity and excellent wear resistance in humid atmospheres. The relationship between the microstructure determined by the deposition condition and the film characteristic is discussed in detail.

关键词： magnetron sputtering graphite-like carbon film microstructure performance

Development of RAMS-CMAQ to Simulate Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing and Its Application to East Asia

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2009年第6期2卷 368-375页

作者： HAN xiao ZHANG Mei-Gen liu xiao-hong Steven GHAN XIN Jin-Yuan WANG Li-Li State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA

The air quality modeling system RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)-CMAQ (Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality) is developed to simulate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol direct forcing (DF). The aerosol-specific extinction, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor are parameterized based on Mie theory taking into account the aerosol size distribution, composition, refractive index, and water uptake of solution particles. A two-stream solar radiative model considers all gaseous molecular absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and aerosols and clouds. RAMSCMAQ is applied to simulate all major aerosol concentrations (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, black carbon, fine soil, and sea salt) and AOD and DF over East Asia in 2005. To evaluate its performance, the simulated AOD values were compared with ground-based in situ measurements. The comparison shows that RAMSCMAQ performed well in most of the model domain and generally captured the observed variations. High AOD values (0.2 1.0) mainly appear in the Sichuan Basin as well as in central and southeastern China. The geographic distribution of DF generally follows the AOD distribution patterns, and the DF at the top-of-the-atmosphere is less than 25 and 20 W m 2 in clear-sky and all-sky over the Sichuan Basin. Both AOD and DF exhibit seasonal variations with lower values in July and higher ones in January The DF could obviously be impacted by high cloud fractions.

关键词： CMAQ AOD aerosol direct forcing model development

An EMS mutant library for cucumber

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1612-1619页

作者： CHEN Chen CUI Qing-zhi HUANG San-wen WANG Shen-hao liu xiao-hong LU Xiang-yang CHEN Hui-ming TIAN Yun College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128P.R.China Hunan Vegetable Research Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125P.R.China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture/Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotransformation of Hunan Provincial University Changsha 410128P.R.China Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha 410128P.R.China

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop and a model crop for the study of sex expression in plants. However, the genomic resources and tools for functional genomics studies in cucumber are still limited. In this paper, we conducted ethyl methyl sulfone（EMS） mutagenesis in the northern China ecotype cucumber inbred line 406 to construct a mutant library. We optimized the conditions of EMS mutagenesis on inbred line 406 which included treatment of seeds at 1.5% EMS for 12h. We obtained a number of mutant lines showing inheritable morphological changes in plant architecture, leaves, floral organs, fruits and other traits through M1, M2 and M3 generations. The F2 segregating populations were constructed and *** found that a short fruit mutant and a yellow-green fruit peel mutant were both under the control of a single recessive gene, respectively. These results provide valuable germplasm resources for the improvement of cucumber genetics and functional genomic research.

关键词： cucumber EMS mutant library traits

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刘小虹运用对药和角药治疗咳嗽经验

中华中医药杂志 2020年第11期35卷 5566-5568页

作者：刘城鑫洪海都洪榆吴鹏詹少锋刘小虹广州中医药大学广州510405 广州中医药大学第一附属医院广州510405

咳嗽是呼吸内科临床常见病症之一,根据病情不同可区分外感内伤,治疗上亦有所不同。刘小虹教授治疗咳嗽学验颇丰,认为风邪为咳嗽病因之首,根据辨证不同常用止咳化痰、疏风清热、祛风散寒、燥湿化痰、利咽开音等配伍,临床上灵活运用对药... 详细信息

咳嗽是呼吸内科临床常见病症之一,根据病情不同可区分外感内伤,治疗上亦有所不同。刘小虹教授治疗咳嗽学验颇丰,认为风邪为咳嗽病因之首,根据辨证不同常用止咳化痰、疏风清热、祛风散寒、燥湿化痰、利咽开音等配伍,临床上灵活运用对药和角药辨证施治,获效显著。

关键词：咳嗽对药角药刘小虹名医经验

Inhibitive effect of 3-bromopyruvic acid on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells involves cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第14期122卷 1681-1685页

作者： liu xiao-hong ZHENG Xue-fang WANG Yong-li Department of Pharmacology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 China Department of Pharmacy Tangshan Gongren Hospital Tangshan Hebei 063000 China Liaoning Key Lab of Bioorganic Chemistry Dalian University Dalian Liaoning 116622 China

Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and is highly resistant to chemotherapy Due to its high tumour selectivity, 3-bromopyruvic acid （3-BrPA）, a well-known inhibitor of energy metabolism has been proposed as a specific anticancer agent. The present study determined the effect of 3-BrPA on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and other antitumour mechanisms. Methods MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA for 1-4 days, and cell growth was measured by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Marked morphological changes in MCF-7 cells after treatment with 3-BrPA were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The distributions of the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to indicate the changes in the expression of Bcl-2, c-Myc, and mutant p53. Results 3-BrPA （25 μg/ml） significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner. The MCF-7 cells exposed to 3-BrPA showed the typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis, including karyopycnosis, nuclear condensation and oversize cytoplasmic particles. In addition, flow cytometric assay also showed more apoptotic cells after 3-BrPA stimulation. The cells at the GO and G1 phases were dramatically decreased while cells at the S and G2/M phases were increased in response to 3-BrPA treatment after 48 hours. Furthermore, 3-BrPA stimulation decreased the expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc and mutant p53, which were strongly associated with the programmed cell death signal transduction pathway. Conclusion 3-BrPA inhibits proliferation, induces S phase and G2/M phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which processes might be mediated by the downregulation of the expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc and mutant p53.

关键词： apoptosis cell cycle breast cancer 3-bromopyruvic acid

Relationship between bias voltage and microstructure as well as properties of CrAlYN films

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第11期24卷 342-351页

作者：付英英李红轩吉利刘晓红刘流周惠娣陈建敏 State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science of Chemistry Tianshui Normal University

In this work, a series of CrA1YN films doped with 1 at.% yttrium were deposited by unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering under different bias voltages, The effects of bias voltage on microstrncture and properties of the CrA1YN films were subsequently investigated. It is found that all the as-deposited films have similar chemical composition and crystalline structure. However, the bias voltage has significant impact on the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the resulting films. Namely, the film deposited at 100 V has the highest hardness and best oxidation resistance, which are mainly attributed to its denser structure and higher A1 content than others. In addition, the film obtained at 100 V exhibits superior oxidation resistance even at 1000℃, and good friction and wear properties at 600 and 800 ℃, and the latter two are mainly ascribed to the formation of compact transfer layer on the worn surfaces. However, this film experienced obvious wear loss at low testing temperatures （i.e., 200 and 400 ℃） due to the serious abrasive wear.

关键词： CrAlYN film bias voltage microstructure properties

Effect of Genetic Connectedness on the Selection Results of Breeding Pigs

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第11期4卷 872-876页

作者： ZHANG Hao LI Jia-qi WANG Chong liu xiao-hong CHEN Yao-sheng Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 P.R.China

Two pig populations were simulated with Monte Carlo method; each consisted of 5 boars and 50 sows per generation. Genetic connectedness between herds was established by randomly selecting 1 or 2 boars from one population to mate sows of the other population. Breeding pigs were selected within populations according to animal model BLUP. The benefits of genetic connectedness between herds were examined. The results showed that, the average coefficients of inbreeding decreased, while the cumulative selection responses of populations increased, and the higher response occurred randomly in the two populations at generation 5 with the increase of the genetic connectedness between herds. Selection response was affected by genetic connectedness and trait heritability, the lower heritability and higher connectedness, the better selection results. When the number of exchanged litters between populations per generation was 6 litters, the selection results reached a reflection point; if the number of exchanged litters between populations increased further from this point, neither the increase of the cumulative selection responses nor the decrease of coefficients of inbreeding was significant.

关键词： Pigs Genetic connectedness Cumulative selection response Coefficient of inbreeding