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Mega-towns in China:Their spatial distribution features and growth mechanisms

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第7期30卷 1060-1082页

作者： WANG Xueqin liu shenghe QI Wei Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

As a special outcome of urbanization,mega-towns not only play an important role in the process of socio-economic development,but also are important contributors to urbanization.Based on a spatial database of mega-towns in China,this paper explores the spatial distribution features and growth mechanisms of China’s 238 mega-towns using the nearest neighbour distance method,kernel density estimation,regression analysis,global autocorrelation,local autocorrelation and other spatial analysis methods.Results of spatial distribution features show that:(1)on the national scale,the existing 238 mega-towns mainly gathered in the southeast coastal areas of China;they formed two spatial core agglomerations,several secondary ones and a southeast coastal agglomeration belt;(2)on the regional scale,each economic region’s index was less than 1,indicating that mega-towns in each region tended to be spatially agglomerated due to the close relationship with regional development level and their number;(3)on the provincial scale,68%of provincial-level units in China tended to be a spatial agglomeration of mega-towns;only one province had a random distribution;the number of mega-towns in those evenly-distributed provinces was generally small.The growth of mega-towns was determined by a combination of various natural and humanistic factors,including topography,location,economy,population,traffic,and national policy.This paper chose digital elevation model(DEM),location advantage,economic density,population density,and highway density distribution as corresponding indicators as quantitative factors.By combining their local autocorrelation analysis,these factors all showed certain influence on the spatial growth of mega-towns and together scheduled it.In the future,provinces and cities should make full use of the mega-town functions to promote their socioeconomic development,especially the central and western regions in China.

关键词： mega-town features spatial distribution growth mechanism China

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Mechanism of Medical Care Accessibility in Beijing:A Migrant Equality Perspective

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第2期28卷 353-362页

作者： ZHAO Meifeng liu shenghe QI Wei School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences Tianjin Normal University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT(Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI(Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also bec

关键词：医疗保健设备可接近性分析空间分析候鸟北京保健服务机制公共服务

Exploring the differential impacts of urban transit system on the spatial distribution of local and floating population in Beijing

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第6期27卷 731-751页

作者： ZHAO Meifeng liu shenghe QI Wei College of Urban and Environmental Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 1000 China

The floating population has become the main driver of urban population excessive growth in China＇s mega cities. Urban transit system （UTS） is a significant factor in population spatial distributions within urban areas, especially rapid and high-capacity transit systems. This paper analyzes the causal effects of the extension of expressways and subways between 2000 and 2010 in the Beijing Metropolitan Area （BMA）, focusing on the group differences between the local residents and the floating population. Due to the endogeneity of transportation improvements and population growth, Instrumental Variable （IV） regression model is applied to avoid this problem. The results show the local residents increased in the inner suburbs but decreased in the city center, while the floating population increased in the majority areas. IV regression results show that the extension of urban transit systems had statistically significant impacts on population growth across the BMA, The results also show that the extension of urban subway system had more effects on the floating population than the local residents across the BMA. It is mainly caused by the rather low fare of urban subway system. This implies that the excessive subsidy on urban subway system could result in ex- cessive floating population growth and residential differentiation, even residential segregation Hence, it is necessary to plan and design reasonable and scientific urban transit systems in order to advance reasonable population size and promote residential integration. Moreover, the regional analysis shows that the effects of urban transportation improvements on the local residents are not statistically significant in the inner suburbs. It implies that urban transportation improvements had limited effects on inducing people to move to suburban areas and controlling center city＇s population in Beijing. Therefore, it should be stressed the differenti- ated effects of urban transportation improvements on population distribution in the process of urban planning and pop

关键词： urban transit systems （UTS） population spatial distribution causal effects group differences Beijing

Measuring urban sprawl in Beijing with geo-spatial indices

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第4期17卷 469-478页

作者： JIANG Fang liu shenghe YUAN Hong ZHANG Qing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Concerning about the rapid urban growth in recent China, this study takes Beijing as a case and puts forward that urban sprawl can be measured from spatial configuration, urban growth efficiency and external impacts, and then develops a geo-spatial indices system for measuring sprawl, a total of 13 indicators. In order to calculate these indices, different sources data are selected, including land use maps, former land use planning, land price and floor-area-ratio samples, digitized map of the highways and city centers, population and GDP statistical data, etc. Various GIS spatial analysis methods are used to spatialize these indices into 100mx100m cells. Besides, an integrated urban sprawl index is calculated by weight sum of these 13 indices. The application result indicates that geo-spatial indices system can capture most of the typical features and interior differentia of urban sprawl. Construction land in Beijing has kept fast growing with large amount, low efficiency and disordered spatial configuration, indicating a typical sprawling tendency. The following specific sprawl features are identified by each indicator：（1） typical spatial configuration of sprawling： obvious fragmentation and irregularity of landscape due to unsuccessful enforcement of land use planning, unadvisable pattern of typical discontinuous development, strip development and leapfrog development; （2） low efficiency of sprawl： low development density, low population density and economic output in newly developed area; and （3） negative impacts on agriculture, environment and city life. According to the integrated sprawl index, the sprawling amount in the northern part is larger than that in the southern, but the sprawling extent is in converse case; most sprawling area include the marginal area of the near suburbs and the area between highways, etc. Four sprawling patterns are identified： randomly expansion at urban fringe, strip development along or between highways, scattered development of industrial land, leapfrog development of urban

关键词： urban sprawl measurement geo-spatial indices Beijing

The regional types of China＇s floating population： Identification methods and spatial patterns

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第1期21卷 35-48页

作者： liu shenghe HU Zhang DENG Yu WANG Yingjie Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

With the rapid increase of the number and influence of floating population in China,it is urgently needed to understand the regional types of China＇s floating population and their spatial characteristics. After reviewing the current methods for identifying regional types of floating population,this paper puts forward a new composite-index identification method and its modification version which is consisted of two indexes of the net migration rate and gross migration rate. Then,the traditional single-index and the new composite-index identification methods are empirically tested to explore their spatial patterns and characteristics by using China＇s 2000 census data at county level. The results show：（1） The composite-index identification method is much better than traditional single-index method because it can measure the migration direction and scale of floating simultaneously,and in particular it can identify the unique regional types of floating population with large scale of immigration and emigration. （2） The modified composite-index identification method,by using the share of a region＇s certain type of floating population to the total in China as weights,can effectively correct the over-or under-estimated errors due to the rather large or small total population of a region. （3） The spatial patterns of different regional types of China＇s floating population are closely related to the regional differentiation of their natural environment,population density and socio-economic development level. The three active regional types of floating population are mainly located in the eastern part of China with lower elevation,more than 800 mm precipitation,rather higher population densities and economic development levels.

关键词： China floating population regional types spatial pattern composite-index identification method

Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime and at night based on land use： A case study in Beijing, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第6期25卷 756-768页

作者： QI Wei liu shenghe GAO Xiaolu ZHAO Meifeng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Urban population during the daytime and at night and their spatial distribution are important bases for planning urban infrastructure, public services and disaster relief. As current population statistics cannot distinguish urban population during the daytime from that at night, existed research in this field are quite limited. This paper tries to advance studies at this aspect by establishing a relationship model for the three components of ＇population, land use and time （daytime or night）＇ to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of population, which is aimed to estimate urban population during the daytime and at night and to analyze their spatial characteristics at grid scale. Furthermore, an empirical case study has been carried out at the Haidian District in Beijing, China to test the model. The results are as follows：（1） The spatial structure of urban population during the daytime is significantly different from that at night. The spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime is more extensive and more agglomerated that that at night. （2） Several types of spatial coupling relationship between population during the daytime and that at night have been identified, such as sandwich mode, symmetry mode, convergence mode and single mode, etc. （3） The spatial distribution of daytime and nighttime population also reflects certain factors during the development of China, such as the distribution of old residential areas, the construction of new industrial districts, and the differences between urban and rural areas, which can provide reference points for studies in this field and other regional research.

关键词： urban population during the daytime and at night spatial patterns spatial coupling types Beijing

Research on urban spheres of influence based on improved field model in central China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第3期21卷 489-502页

作者： WANG Li DENG Yu liu shenghe WANG Jianghao Institute of Policy and Management CAS Beijing 100190 China Center for Interclisciplinary Studies of Natural and Social Sciences CAS Beijing 100190 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Due to unique advantages in clearly understanding the interrelationship between city and its hinterland, as well as city and city, the study of urban spheres of influence is becoming highlight in regional research. This paper improves traditional field model from two aspects： the composite indicator and regional accessibility, in order to delineate urban spheres of influence more reasonably. Taking three years of central China as a case study, this paper investigates dynamic evolution of urban spheres of influence. Focusing on the evolution of spatial pattern, we abstract five types and its corresponding three stages theoretically. Finally, recommendation of development has been made for each stage. This study undertakes certain exploration in the study of urban spheres of influence from the perspective of theory and practice, hoping to provide some references for the study in this field and other regional research.

关键词： field model urban spheres of influence spatial pattern evolution central China

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence:A Case Study on Central China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第4期20卷 353-362页

作者： DENG Yu liu shenghe WANG Li MA Hanqing WANG Jianghao Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Natural and Social Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence,regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China,in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship.However,it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region.This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China.In our field modeling method,the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity.Then,their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods.The result showed that:1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China;2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers;and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type,agglomeration type,close-related group type and loose-related group type.

关键词：建模方法城市圈中国野外识别城市群规划中亚空间分布特征地理信息系统

General multidimensional cloud model and its application on spatial clustering in Zhanjiang, Guangdong

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第5期20卷 787-798页

作者： DENG Yu liu shenghe ZHANG Wenting WANG Li WANG Jianghao Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China School of Resources and Environment Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China Institute of Policy and Management CAS Beijing 100080 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Traditional spatial clustering methods have the disadvantage of ＂hardware division＂, and can not describe the physical characteristics of spatial entity effectively. In view of the above, this paper sets forth a general multi-dimensional cloud model, which describes the characteristics of spatial objects more reasonably according to the idea of non-homogeneous and non-symmetry. Based on infrastructures＇ classification and demarcation in Zhanjiang, a detailed interpretation of clustering results is made from the spatial distribution of membership degree of clustering, the comparative study of Fuzzy C-means and a coupled analysis of residential land prices. General multi-dimensional cloud model reflects the integrated char- acteristics of spatial objects better, reveals the spatial distribution of potential information, and realizes spatial division more accurately in complex circumstances. However, due to the complexity of spatial interactions between geographical entities, the generation of cloud model is a specific and challenging task.

关键词： multi-dimensional cloud spatial clustering data mining membership degree Zhanjiang