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A pre-Paleogene unconformity surface of the Sikeshu Sag, Junggar Basin: Lithological, geophysical and geochemical implications for the transportation of hydrocarbons

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 779-786页

作者： Xiaoyue Gao luofu liu Zhenxue Jiang Xiaoqing Shang Guodong liu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

The unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene is one of the most important migration pathways in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin,which consists of three layers：upper coarse clastic rock,lower weathering crust and leached *** upper coarse clastic rock is characterized by higher density and lower SDT and gamma-ray logging parameters,while the lower weathering crust displays opposite *** transport coefficient of the unconformity surface is controlled by its position in respect to the basal sandstone; it is higher in the ramp region but lower in the adjacent uplifted and sag *** content of saturated hydrocarbons increases with the decrease of the content of nonhydrocarbons and *** content of benzo[c] carbazole decreases as the content of benzo[a]carbazole and [alkyl carbazole]/[alkyl ＋ benzo carbazole] *** suggests that the unconformity surface is an efficient medium for the transportation of hydrocarbons.

关键词： Transportation and accumulation of hydrocarbons Lithology Rock density SDT and gamma-ray logging Benzo carbazole Alkyl carbazole

The characteristics of unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene and its significance in hydrocarbon migration in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第2期32卷 181-190页

作者： GAO Xiaoyue liu luofu WANG Ying JIANG Zhenxue liu Guodong SHANG Xiaoqing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

The unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene, located in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, is one of the most important hydrocarbon migration pathways and characterized by 3 layers of upper coarse clastic rock, lower weathering crust and leached zone. The upper coarse clastic rock displays features of higher density, lower SDT and gamma-ray logging while the weathering crust in the lower part displays opposite features. The formation water is of NaHCO 3 type but at lower mineralization degree. The QGF indices are generally between 2.19 and 3.77 and the GOI parameters vary from 1% to 5%. From the southeast to the northwest of the sag, the content of saturated hydrocarbon increases from 30.81% to 53.74% while that of non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene decreases. The Pr/nC 17 decreases from 0.65 to 0.47 while the Ph/nC 18 decreases from 0.66 to 0.27, and the content of benzo[c] carbazole declines while the benzo[a] carbazole amount and (alkyl carbazole)/(alkyl+benzo carbazole) ratio both increase. These revealed that the hydrocarbons migrated from the sag to the ramp region along the unconformity surface.

关键词：中国西北地区油气运移通道准噶尔盆地不整合面古近系凹陷底部苯并咔唑

Gas Occurrence and Accumulation Characteristics of Cambrian–Ordovician Shales in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第5期92卷 1948-1958页

作者： liu luofu WANG Ying CHEN Yiting SHEN Baojian GAO Xiaoyue State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology SINOPEC

The Tarim Basin is located in northwestern China and is the biggest basin in China with huge oil and gas resources. Especially the Lower to Middle Cambrian and Middle to Upper Ordovician possess the major marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin and have large shale gas resource potential. The Cambrian–Ordovician shales were mainly deposited in basin–slope facies with thicknesses between 30–180 m. For shales buried shallower than 4500 m, there is high organic matter abundance with TOC（total organic carbon） mainly between 1.0% and 6.0%, favorable organic matter of Type I and Type II, and high thermal maturity with RoE as 1.3%–2.75%. The mineral composition of these Cambrian–Ordovician shale samples is mainly quartz and carbonate minerals while the clay minerals content is mostly lower than 30%, because these samples include siliceous and calcareous shale and marlstone. The Cambrian and Ordovician shales are compacted with mean porosity of 4% and 3%, permeability of 0.0003×10^（-3）–0.09×10^（-3） μm^2 and 0.0002×10^（-3）–0.11×10^（-3） μm^2, and density of 2.30 g/m^3 and 2.55 g/m^3, respectively. The pores in the shale samples show good connectivity and are mainly mesopore in size. Different genetic types of pores can be observed such as intercrystal, intergranular, dissolved, organic matter and shrinkage joint. The reservoir bed properties are controlled by mineral composition and diagenesis. The maximum adsorption amount to methane of these shales is 1.15–7.36 cm^3/g, with main affecting factors being organic matter abundance, porosity and thermal maturity. The accumulation characteristics of natural gas within these shales are jointly controlled by sedimentation, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir bed properties and the occurrence process of natural gas. The natural gas underwent short-distance migration and accumulation, in-place accumulation in the early stage, and adjustment and modification in the later stage. Finally, the Yulin（well Y1） and Tazho

关键词： shale gas occurrence accumulation Cambrian Ordovician Tarim Basin Urumqi China

Study of sedimentary sequence cycles by well-seismic calibration

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Petroleum Science 2013年第1期10卷 65-72页

作者： Xu Jingling liu luofu Wang Guiwen Zou Changchun Lai Jin State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Geo-detection Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum

In order to solve the problems of the fine division of sedimentary sequence cycles and their change in two-dimensional space as well as lateral extension contrast, we developed a method of wavelet depth-frequency analysis. The single signal and composite signal of different Milankovitch cycles are obtained by numerical simulation. The simulated composite signal can be separated into single signals of a single frequency cycle. We also develop a well-seismic calibration insertion technology which helps to realize the calibration from the spectrum characteristics of a single well to the seismic profile. And then we determine the change and distribution characteristics of spectrum cycles in the two-dimensional space. It points out the direction in determining the variations of the regional sedimentary sequence cycles, underground strata structure and the contact relationship.

关键词： Sedimentary sequence cycles wavelet depth-frequency analysis well-seismic calibration,spectrum cycles well logging

Depositional Environment of Es_4~u and Es_3~l Shales Based on Biomarkers from the Boxing Sag of Dongying Depression, East China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1556-1564页

作者： WANG Ying liu luofu MENG Jianghui JIANG Zhenxue GAO Yongjin liu Shuhui State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Research Institute of Geological Science Shengli Oilfield Company Limited

The Boxing Sag is located in the southwest of Dongying Depression, southern Bohai Bay Basin of East China. It is one of the main petroliferous sags in the Dongying Depression, and has two major source rocks, namely the upper 4th Member （Es4u） and lower 3rd Member （Es31） shales of Eocene Shahejie Formation, which are the new exploration targets in recent years. In this study, 16 core samples were collected from Es4u and Es31 shales in the Boxing Sag, and the saturate hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography （GC） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, respectively. The results show that Es4u shale has obvious phytane and gammacerane predominance, higher concentration of tricyclic terpanes and regular steranes, and very low concentration of 4- methly steranes; Es31 shale has pristane predominance, lower concentration of tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane and regular steranes, and higher concentration of 4-methly steranes. The Es4u shale can be further divided into two types based on the distribution of n-alkanes in gas chromatograms： normal distribution and double peak pattern. The biomarker characteristics and sedimentary facies distribution show that Es4u shale was deposited in the saline-hypersaline semi-deep （Type A Es4u shale, sag center） to shallow （Type B Es4u shale, sag edge） lacustrine environments, Es31 shale was deposited in the freshwater-brackish semi-deep-deep lacustrine environments, and the former sedimentary facies maps of Es4u and Es31 in the Boxing Sag are further modified.

关键词： biomarker lacustrine environment shale Shahejie Formation Boxing Sag Dongying Depression

Geological characteristics and shale gas distribution of carboniferous mudstones in the Tarim Basin,China

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第2期36卷 260-275页

作者： luofu liu Jinqi Qiao Baojian Shen Xinyi Lu Yueshu Yang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) 18 Fuxue Road Changping Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Wuxi 214151 China

Extant research on Paleozoic mudstone is well developed in the Tarim Basin, while the research on Carboniferous mudstone is relatively weak. Through systematic study of lithology, geochemical characteristics,reservoir characteristics and gas–bearing properties of Carboniferous mudstone in the Tarim Basin, this study aims to provide a geological basis for the Paleozoic shale gas exploration and development, favorable zone optimization, and resource potential evaluation in the Tarim Basin. The results show that the sedimentary environments of organic-rich mudstone in the study area were mainly basin facies and slope facies. Lithology is dominated by black carbonaceous mudstone, followed by calcareous mudstone, siliceous mudstone, and siliceous rocks. Mudstone is mainly developed in the Kalashayi Formation,which is located in the Bachu and Markit slope belt, with the cumulative thickness of 30–200 m. The organic carbon content is commonly more than 0.4%, and the organic matter types are type II and type III. Thermal evolution degree is widely distributed from a low mature to over mature stage, and different tectonic units have a greater difference. The contents of quartz plus feldspar are between 12% and 82.5%, with an average of 45.8%. Thecontent distribution of clay mineral is from 12% to 57%,with an average of 38.2%. Carbonate minerals(mainly siderite) content is below 50%. The brittle mineral content of the mudstone is approximately 65%, with a strong compressibility, and the mudstone has the material basis of forming crack and natural fracture. Microscopic pores in micro–nanometer level are well developed in the mudstone, including micro bedding joint, microcrack,interbedded pores of clay mineral, nanoscale intragranular or edge pores in the massive organic matter, bioclastic micropores, and mineral dissolution pores, etc. According to the standards provided by the Ministry of Land and Resources in China, the Kalashayi Formation in Bamai Area is a favorable area f

关键词： Hydrocarbon generation potential Reservoir characteristics Shale gas Mudstone Carboniferous Tarim Basin

Impact of residual zircon on Nd-Hf isotope decoupling during sediment recycling in subduction zone

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 241-251页

作者： Chen Zhang M.Santosh Qun Luo Shu Jiang luofu liu Dongdong liu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing Energy & Geoscience Institute University of Utah School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide Unconventional Natural Gas Institute China University of Petroleum Beijing

The subduction factories in convergent plate margins exert crucial control on recycling terrestrial components and returning to the overlying crust. The Nd and Hf isotopic systems provide potential tracers to evaluate these processes. Here we present a case where these isotopic systems are decoupled in a suite of granites from the Chinese Altai, showing a wide range of εHf(t) values(from -4.7 to +10.8) in contrast to a limited range of εNd(t) values(from -5.8 to -1.9). The zircon xenocrysts occurring frequently in these rocks show markedly negative εHf(t) values(from -34.3 to -6.5) and positive d7 Li values(from +12.5 to +18.2). We propose a model to explain the observed relationship between residual zircon and Nde Hf isotope decoupling. We suggest that the Altai granites originated from partial melting of subducted slab components under relatively low temperature conditions which aided the residual zircon from oceanic sediments to inherit and retain a significant amount of177 Hf in the source, thereby elevating the^(176) Hf/^(177) Hf ratio of the melt, and decoupling from the^(143) Nd/^(144) Nd ratio during the subsequent magmatic processes. Our study illustrates a case where sediment recycling in subduction zone contributes to decoupling of Nd and Hf isotopic systems, with former providing a more reliable estimate of the source characteristics of granitic magmas.

关键词： Nd and Hf isotope systematics Subduction tectonics Oceanic sediment melting Geochemical recycling Chinese Altai

Geochemical Evidence for Coal and Carbonaceous Mudstone as the Possible Major Oil Source Rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第5期86卷 1171-1181页

作者： MENG Jianghui ZHANG Min ZHAO Hongjing liu luofu WANG Zhiyong ZHOU Jieli WANG Ying College of Geoscience Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tuha Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaHami 839009China

Petroleum geologists have debated whether the hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the coals, carbonaceous mudstones or coal-measure mudstones in the Turpan Basin. Based on the geochemistry analysis of the 20 crude oils and 40 source rocks from the Turpan Basin, some data have been obtained as follows： carbon preference index and methylphenanthrene index of the Jurassic oils are 1.16-1.45 and 0.28-0.80, and the ααα C29 sterane 20S/（20S＋20R） and C29 sterane ββ/（ββ＋αα） are 0.44-0.51 and 0.4-0.54 respectively, which show the normal maturity of oils; the vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks from the Xishanyao to Badaowan Formations range from 0.47% to 0.97%, which indicate immature to mature thermal evolutionary stage and sufficient conditions for generating mass mature oil. The effect of hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered when studying the source of coal-derived oil by using Biomarkers. Biomarkers in the Jurassic oils from the basin are similar to those in the coals and carbonaceous mudstones, with a strong predominant content of pristane, relatively high ratio of C15 /C16 sesquiterpenoids （1）, a relatively high content of low carbon number tricyclic terpanes and C 24 tetracyclic terpane, little gammacerane and C 29 Ts detected, an absolute predominant content of C29 sterane and a relatively high content of diasterane. However, the opposite characteristics are shown in mudstones, with an approximately equal content of pristane and phytane, relatively low ratio of C15 /C16 sesquiterpenoids （1）, a relatively high content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes and a low content of C 24 tetracyclic terpane, peaks of gammacerane and C29 Ts detected obviously and an increasing C27 sterane content. All of these characteristics identify the coals and carbonaceous mudstones as the possible major oil source rocks in this area, and they were formed in the stronger oxidizing environment with shallower water than mudstones.

关键词： biomarker coal-derived oil oil-source correlation coal carbonaceous mudstone mudstone Jurassic Turpan Basin

Estimation on organic carbon content of source rocks by logging evaluation method as exemplified by those of the 4^(th) and 3^(rd) members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag of the Liaohe Oilfield

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2012年第4期31卷 398-407页

作者： liu luofu SHANG Xiaoqing WANG Ping GUO Yongqiang WANG Weili WU Lin State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Centre China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute ofSINOPEC Beijing 100083 China

One of the most important tasks of evaluating natural resources of petroliferous basins is to determine the organic matter abundance of source rocks in the *** usual method for assessing the organic carbon content of source rocks is based on laboratory *** is a deviation in calculating organic carbon content due to the heterogeneous distribution of organic matter and the artificial factors when *** to the continuous characteristics of information logging,the conventional logging curves(mainly acoustics and resistivity,etc.) were calibrated with the organic carbon experimental data of cores,cuttings or sidewall *** organic carbon content of source rocks of the 4 th(Es 4) and 3 rd(Es 3) members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag in the Liaohe depression was estimated directly by a great amount of continuous data including resistivity and acoustic logging,*** between the results from computer processing and lab analysis of logging data shows that the organic carbon contents derived from the computer processing of logging data have the same reliability and accuracy as the lab analysis *** present data show that this method is suitable to evaluate the source rocks of western sag in the Liaohe depression and has great potential in evaluating natural resources of sedimentary basins in the *** the basis of logging data of source rocks,experimental data and existing geochemical analyses of the Liaohe Oilfield,the corresponding total organic carbon(TOC) isograms of source rocks were *** source rocks of Es 4 and Es 3 of the Shahejie Formation are thought to be beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulation due to the high TOC.

关键词：有机碳含量测井评价方法沙河街组西部凹陷辽河油田烃源岩实验室分析计算机处理