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Two equilibria of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated Meridional Overturning Circulation

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Science china Earth sciences 2012年第11期55卷 315-322页

作者： CHAO jiping LI YaoKun National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its associated Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is investigated through a nonlinear inertia theory model, which consists of two layers--an upper Ekman layer driven mainly by sea surface wind stress and a lower thermocline controlled by ideal fluid nonlinear equations which can be solved by identifying the form of the arbitrary functions. The results show that the thermocline has a two-equilibrium solution though given the same Ekman layer condition. Compared to the first equilibrium, the second one has a heavier intensity and deeper circulation, which seems more consistent with the existing data.

关键词： Antarctic Circumpolar Current Meridional Overturning Circulation inertia theory two equilibria

Albedo of Coastal Landfast Sea Ice in Prydz Bay,Antarctica:Observations and Parameterization

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2016年第5期33卷 535-543页

作者： Qinghua YANG jiping liu Matti LEPPRANTA Qizhen SUN Rongbin LI Lin ZHANG Thomas JUNG Ruibo LEI Zhanhai ZHANG Ming LI Jiechen ZHAO Jingjing CHENG key laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081 Alfred Wegener institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Helsinki Helsinki 00014Finland University of Bremen 28334Germany key laboratory for Polar Science of the state Oceanic Administration Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136 National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology Tianjin 300112

The snow/sea-ice albedo was measured over coastal landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica（off Zhongshan Station）during the austral spring and summer of 2010 and 2011. The variation of the observed albedo was a combination of a gradual seasonal transition from spring to summer and abrupt changes resulting from synoptic events, including snowfall, blowing snow, and overcast skies. The measured albedo ranged from 0.94 over thick fresh snow to 0.3. over melting sea ice. It was found that snow thickness was the most important factor influencing the albedo variation, while synoptic events and overcast skies could increase the albedo by about 0.18 and 0.06, respectively. The in-situ measured albedo and related physical parameters（e.g., snow thickness, ice thickness, surface temperature, and air temperature） were then used to evaluate four different snow/ice albedo parameterizations used in a variety of climate models. The parameterized albedos showed substantial discrepancies compared to the observed albedo, particularly during the summer melt period, even though more complex parameterizations yielded more realistic variations than simple ones. A modified parameterization was developed,which further considered synoptic events, cloud cover, and the local landfast sea-ice surface characteristics. The resulting parameterized albedo showed very good agreement with the observed albedo.

关键词： Antarctic sea ice albedo observation parameterization

Towards reliable Arctic sea ice prediction using multivariate data assimilation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第1期64卷 63-72页

作者： jiping liu Zhiqiang Chen Yongyun Hu Yuanyuan Zhang Yifan Ding Xiao Cheng Qinghua Yang Lars Nerger Gunnar Spreen Radley Horton Jun Inoue Chaoyuan Yang Ming Li Mirong Song Department of atmospheric and Environmental sciences University at Albany State University of New York College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Department of atmospheric and Oceanic sciences School of Physics Peking University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Guangdong Province key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies and School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung University of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Earth Institute National institute of Polar Research Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.

关键词： Arctic sea ice prediction Remote sensing Data assimilation

Ascending phase of solar cycle 25 tilts the current El Nino-Southern oscillation transition

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第1期17卷 34-38页

作者： Wenjuan Huo Ziniu Xiao Liang Zhao Fei liu GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielGermany state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean SystemMinistry of Educationand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhaiChina

自2020年初夏,赤道太平洋地区出现拉尼娜现象并持续两年半多(以下简称2020拉尼娜),对其未来演变的预测引起了很多关注,考虑到11年太阳周期活动对热带太平洋SST异常可能存在锁相影响,本研究分析了当前太阳活动周(即第25太阳周(SC25))对... 详细信息

自2020年初夏,赤道太平洋地区出现拉尼娜现象并持续两年半多(以下简称2020拉尼娜),对其未来演变的预测引起了很多关注,考虑到11年太阳周期活动对热带太平洋SST异常可能存在锁相影响,本研究分析了当前太阳活动周(即第25太阳周(SC25))对目前热带太平洋ENSO现象未来演变的调节作用,基于历史太阳周的统计特征,作者对第25太阳周达到其最大值的时间提出三种可能的情景,并讨论了不同情景下的太阳活动对未来两年ENSO演变的可能影响,第25太阳周的持续上升阶段在一定程度上抑制了当前2023.尔尼诺现象发展为超级事件.

关键词：厄尔尼诺-南方涛动太阳活动热带太平洋位相转变预测三重拉尼娜现象

The SOOS Asian Workshop: Exploring possibilities for collaboration

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第2期25卷 126-132页

作者： Sebastiaan Swart jiping liu Parli Bhaskar Louise Newman Kim Finney Michael Meredith Oscar Schofield Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observatory CSIR PO Box 320 Stellenbosch 7955 South Africa Department of Oceanography Marine Research Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa Department of atmospheric and Environmental sciences University at Albany State University of New York AlbanyNY 12222 USA National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research Headland Sada Vasco-da-Gama Goa 403 804 India Southern Ocean Observing System International Project Office Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Australian Antarctic Division Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia British Antarctic Survey Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom Coastal Ocean Observation laboratory Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

The first Southern Ocean Observing System （SOOS） Asian Workshop was successfully held in Shanghai, china in May 2013. attracting over 40 participants from six Asian nations and widening exposure to the objectives and plans of SOOS. The workshop was organized to clarify Asian research activities currently taking place in the Southern Ocean and to discuss, amongst other items, the potential for collaborative efforts with and between Asian countries in $OOS-related activities. The workshop was an important mechanism to initiate discussion, understanding and collaborative avenues in the Asian domain of SOOS beyond current established eflbrts. Here we present some of the major outcomes of the workshop covering the principle themes of SOOS and attempt to provide a way forward to achieve a more integrated research community, enhance data collection and quality, and guide scientific strategy in the Southern Ocean.

关键词： Southern Ocean observing system Asia collaboration

The SOOS Asian Workshop on Southern Ocean research and observations

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第2期25卷 121-125页

作者： liu jiping Sebastiaan Swart Parli V.Bhaskar Louise Newman Michael Meredith Oscar Schofield HE Jianfeng Department of atmospheric and Environmental sciences University at Albany State University of New York AlbanyNY 12222 USA Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observatory CSIR PO Box 320 Stellenbosch 7955 South Africa Department of Oceanography Marine Research Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research Headland Sada Vasco-da-Gama Goa 403 804 India Southern Ocean Observing System International Project Office Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania British Antarctic Survey Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom Coastal Ocean Observation laboratory Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New BrunswickNJ 08901 USA Polar Research institute of china

1 Background and purpose of workshop The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in the function of the Earth System, influencing climate, sea level, biogeochemical cycles, and biological productivity on a variety of scalesIll. Observations from the Southern Ocean suggest that dramatic changes are taking place, which are of global concern, yet because of its remote location, seasonal sea ice, and harsh environment, the Southern Ocean remains one of the least sampled zones in the world.

关键词： Southern Ocean Observing System physical oceanography biological sciences carbon chemistry

Different Impacts of Intraseasonal Oscillations on Precipitation in Southeast china between Early and Late Summers

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2022年第11期39卷 1885-1896页

作者： Junqi liu Riyu LU state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This study investigates the influences of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO), which originates from the equatorial Indian Ocean and prevails over the Indo-Pacific region, on precipitation over Southeast china, including South china and Yangtze River Valley. The results indicate that the BSISO-related precipitation anomalies are remarkably different between early summer(May–June) and late summer(July–August). The BSISO-related precipitation anomalies tend to appear more northward in late summer in comparison with early summer. Accordingly, the BSISO is significantly related to precipitation anomalies over South china during many phases in early summer but related to very weak anomalies during all the phases in late summer. Such northward shifts of precipitation anomalies from early summer to late summer are clearest during phases 4 and 7, when the lower-tropospheric anticyclonic and cyclonic circulation anomalies dominate over the subtropical western North Pacific, respectively. Finally, we explain the differences between early and late summers through the seasonal northward migration of climatological equivalent potential temperature gradient, which is located in the South china during early summer but migrates northward to the YRV during late summer.

关键词： intraseasonal oscillation precipitation Southeast china

Vertical Structures of Convective and Stratiform Clouds in Boreal Summer over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Neighboring Regions

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2019年第10期36卷 1089-1102,I0001,I0002页

作者： Yafei YAN Yimin liu state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shanghai Meteorological Bureau Shanghai 200030 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Cloud is essential in the atmosphere, condensing water vapor and generating strong convective or large-scale persistent precipitation. In this work, the relationships between cloud vertical macro- or microphysical properties, radiative heating rate, and precipitation for convective and stratiform clouds in boreal summer over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. The precipitation intensity caused by convective clouds is twofold stronger than that by stratiform clouds. The vertical macrophysics of both cloud types show similar features over the TP, with the region weakening the precipitation intensity and compressing the cloud vertical expansion and variation in cloud top height, but having an uplift effect on the average cloud top height. The vertical microphysics of both cloud types under conditions of no rain over the TP are characterized by lower-level ice water, ice particles with a relatively larger range of sizes, and a relatively lower occurrence of denser ice particles. The features are similar to other regions when precipitation enhances, but convective clouds gather denser and larger ice particles than stratiform clouds over the TP. The atmospheric shortwave (longwave) heating (cooling) rate strengthens with increased precipitation for both cloud types. The longwave cooling layer is thicker when the rainfall rate is less than 100 mm d?1, but the net heating layer is typically compressed for the profiles of both cloud types over the TP. This study provides insights into the associations between clouds and precipitation, and an observational basis for improving the simulation of convective and stratiform clouds over the TP in climate models.

关键词： CloudSat/CALIPSO cloud vertical structures convective precipitation stratiform precipitation Tibetan Plateau

中新世中低纬度海道变化对大西洋经圈翻转流和气候变化影响的模拟研究

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海洋地质与第四纪地质 2024年第4期44卷 32-40页

作者：魏吉林刘海龙郑伟鹏林鹏飞赵彦中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049 崂山实验室青岛266237 中国科学院大气物理研究所地球系统数值模拟科学中心北京100029 中国科学院青藏高原研究所大陆碰撞和高原隆升重点实验室北京100101

自中中新世以来,特提斯海道和巴拿马海道的开合状态可能直接影响了大西洋经圈翻转流(AMOC)的强度和空间形态演变。但是,当前对这两处关键的中低纬度海道与AMOC之间联系的系统性研究较少。本研究基于中中新世时期的边界条件,利用耦合气... 详细信息

自中中新世以来,特提斯海道和巴拿马海道的开合状态可能直接影响了大西洋经圈翻转流(AMOC)的强度和空间形态演变。但是,当前对这两处关键的中低纬度海道与AMOC之间联系的系统性研究较少。本研究基于中中新世时期的边界条件,利用耦合气候模式开展了中中新世气候模拟试验,以及特提斯海道和巴拿马海道先后关闭的敏感性试验。模拟结果显示,开放的特提斯海道和巴拿马海道分别为热带印度洋和太平洋海水进入北大西洋提供了“捷径”,同时分别向北大西洋输运高盐度海水和低盐度海水,对AMOC强度的变化起着相反的作用。特提斯海道开放增强了AMOC,这抵消了巴拿马海道开放导致的对AMOC的减弱。这两处中低纬度海道的关闭均能引起全球海表温度的南北不对称响应,分界线大致位于巴拿马海道所在纬度。本研究表明,只有特提斯海道和巴拿马海道关闭时,才会形成现代意义上的AMOC空间结构,因此这两处中低纬度海道的关闭时间对研究AMOC演变具有重要意义。

关键词：大西洋经圈翻转流中中新世大暖期淡水输运巴拿马海道特提斯海道