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Effects of vegetation near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment reduction in typical grasslands on the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第3期14卷 325-340页

作者： LI Panpan WANG Bing YANG Yanfen LIU Guobin State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Vegetation near-soil-surface factors can protect topsoil from erosion,however,their contributions to the reduction of soil erosion,especially under natural rainfall events,have not been systematically recognized.This study was performed to quantify the effects of near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment under natural rainfall events on grasslands dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI grassland)and Artemisia gmelinii Thunb.(AG grassland)in two typical watersheds on the Loess Plateau,China in 2018.By successive removal of the plant canopy,litter,biological soil crusts(BSCs)and plant roots,we established five treatments including plant roots,plant roots+BSCs,plant roots+BSCs+litter,intact grassland and bare land in each grassland type.In total,twenty runoff plots(5 m×3 m)with similar slopes and aspects were constructed in the two types of grasslands.Results showed that plant canopy,litter and roots reduced runoff,while BSCs,which swelled in the presence of water,increased runoff.In contrast,all of these factors reduced sediment yield.In addition,the reductions in runoff and sediment yield increased with I30(maximum 30-min rainfall intensity)for each vegetation near-soil-surface factor except for BSCs.Among these factors,plant canopy had the largest contribution to runoff reduction,accounting for 48.8% and 39.9% in the BI and AG grasslands,respectively.The contributions of these vegetation near-soil-surface factors to sediment yield reduction were similar(21.3%-29.9%)in the two types of grasslands except for BSCs in the AG grassland(10.3%).The total reduction in runoff in the BI grassland(70.8%)was greater than that in the AG grassland(53.1%),while the reduction in sediment yield was almost the same in both grasslands(97.4%and 96.7%).In conclusion,according to the effects of different vegetation near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment production,our results may provide more complete insight and scientific basis into the effects of various vegetation related factors in controlling soil ero

关键词： vegetation near-soil-surface factor grassland arid and semi-arid soil erosion Loess Plateau

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Aggregate binding agents improve soil aggregate stability in Robinia pseudoacacia forests along a climatic gradient on the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第2期13卷 165-174页

作者： JING Hang MENG Min WANG Guoliang LIU Guobin State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

The distribution of binding agents(i.e.,soil organic carbon(SOC)and glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP))in soil aggregates was influenced by many factors,such as plant characteristics and soil properties.However,how these factors affect binding agents and soil aggregate stability along a climatic gradient remained unclear.We selected the Robinia pseudoacacia L.forests from semi-arid to semi-humid of the Loess Plateau,China to analyze the plant biomass,soil physical-chemical properties,SOC and GRSP distribution in different sized soil aggregates.We found that from semi-arid to semi-humid forests:(1)the proportion of macro-aggregates(>0.250 mm)significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas those of micro-aggregates(0.250–0.053 mm)and fine materials(<0.053 mm)decreased and soil aggregate stability was increased;(2)the contents of SOC and GRSP in macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates significantly increased,and those in fine materials decreased;(3)the contribution of SOC to soil aggregate stability was greater than those of total GRSP and easily extractable GRSP;(4)soil properties had greater influence on binding agents than plant biomass;and(5)soil aggregate stability was enhanced by increasing the contents of SOC and GRSP in macro-aggregates and soil property was the important part during this process.Climate change from semi-arid to semi-humid forests is important factor for soil structure formation because of its positive effect on soil aggregates.

关键词： binding agents glomalin organic carbon soil property soil aggregate stability

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第4期24卷 414-422页

作者： LI Taijun LIU Guobin College of Forestry Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Institute of Water and Soil Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

在高原生态系统吸引了的瓷器黄土的碳(C) 隐遁上的重新造林的效果很在最近的年里研究注意。黑蝗虫树(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) 在重新造林和水和土壤保存努力为他们的重要使用被珍视。这种森林类型越过黄土高原是普遍的，并且一定是任... 详细信息

在高原生态系统吸引了的瓷器黄土的碳(C) 隐遁上的重新造林的效果很在最近的年里研究注意。黑蝗虫树(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) 在重新造林和水和土壤保存努力为他们的重要使用被珍视。这种森林类型越过黄土高原是普遍的，并且一定是任何在这个易碎的生态的区域为 C 隐遁努力计划的一个必要部件。在重新造林仍然保持不明确以后，看台的长期的效果在 C 累积和分配上变老。我们在黄土高原上检验了黑蝗虫森林(后来种的 5， 9， 20， 30， 38，和 56 年) 的年龄顺序在植物(树，灌木，牧草，和叶垃圾) 和土壤(0100 厘米) 评估 C 累积和分配。Allometric 方程为估计树部件的生物资源被开发(叶，树枝，茎没有吠叫，吠叫并且根) 与一个破坏采样方法。我们的结果证明那个黑蝗虫森林生态系统常常积累了 C，从 31.42 Mg C/ 哈(1 Mg = 10 6 g ) 在到在 38 年的 79.44 Mg C/ha 的 5 年。在旧森林阶段(38 ～ 56 年) ，在植物生物资源的 C 的数量显著地减少了(从 45.32 ～ 34.52 Mg C/ha ) 由于树的高死亡。然而，旧森林能在土壤连续地积累 C (从 33.66 ～ 41.00 Mg C/ha ) 。在灌木生物资源的 C 与看台年龄增加了，当在牧草层和叶垃圾的 C 股票是年龄无关的时。重新造林在森林土壤导致了 C 重新分配。C 存货与看台年龄常常增加了的表层土(020 厘米) 。然而，在 2030， 3050， 50100，和 20100 厘米层，在亚顶土壤的 C 存储是年龄无关的。这些结果建议作为一个时间的因素，继任在植被在地区性的 C 动力学在黑蝗虫森林里并且也在 C 累积和重新分配起一个关键作用。

关键词：黄土高原年龄相关表层土壤草本植物碳积累刺槐林再分配中国

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Effects of long-term fertilization on oxidizable organic carbon fractions on the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 579-590页

作者： DING Shaonan XUE Sha LIU Guobin College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

The effects of long-term fertilization on pools of soil organic carbon （SOC） have been well studied, but limited information is available on the oxidizable organic carbon （OOC） fractions, especially for the Loess Plateau in China. We evaluated the effects of a 15-year fertilization on the OOC fractions （F1, F2, F3 and F4） in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in flat farmland under nine treatments （N （nitrogen, urea）, P （phosphorus, monocalcium phosphate）, M （organic fertilizer, composted sheep manure）, N＋P （NP）, M＋N （MN）, M＋P （MP）, M＋N＋P （MNP）, CK （control, no fertilizer） and bare land （BL, no crops or fertilizer））. SOC content increased more markedly in the treatment containing manure than in those with inorganic fertilizers alone. F1, F2, F4 and F3 accounted for 47%, 27%, 18% and 8% of total organic carbon, respectively. F1 was a more sensitive index than the other C fractions in the sensitivity index （SI） analysis. F1 and F2 were highly correlated with total nitrogen （TN） and available nitrogen （AN）, F3 was negatively correlated with pH and F4 was correlated with TN. A cluster analysis showed that the treatments containing manure formed one group, and the other treatments formed another group, which indicated the different effects of fertilization on soil properties. Long-term fertilization with inorganic fertilizer increased the F4 fraction while manure fertilizer not only increased labile fractions （F1） in a short time, but also increased passive fraction （F4） over a longer term. The mixed fertilizer mainly affected F3 fraction. The study demonstrated that manure fertilizer was recommended to use in the farmland on the Loess Plateau for the long-term sustainability of agriculture.

关键词： long-term fertilization oxidizable organic carbon fractions farmland soil Loess Plateau

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Spatial Heterogeneity of Marine Environment Changes:A Case Study in Laizhou Bay and Its Adjacent Waters,China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第1期20卷 111-123页

作者： WANG Youxiao YU Ge HU guobin liu Dahai College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of EducationQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Temporal and spatial heterogeneity identifications of marine environment and its changes have great significances in marine spatial planning and offshore pollution control.In this study,considering the integration of marine ecological environment and sea-land interaction,we built a spatialized evaluation model named Marine Environment Change Spatial Assessment(MECSA)to quantify the marine environment status and changes.In MECSA,we applied the geospatial model and the pressure-state-response(PSR)model for processing and integrating evaluation indicators.A case study in the Laizhou Bay showed that the marine environment quality was generally in a declining state from 2009 to 2015.In 2015,the Marine Environment Index(MEI)had decreased by 0.1 compared with 2009,although the two years all reached a‘Good'level.The spatial MEI layers of the two years showed a same distribution:the southwestern part was in poorer status,with a fan ring shape gradually getting better to the northeast.The Marine Organisms Response Index(MORI)contributed the most to the MEI.Therefore,future marine environmental assessment and spatial planning should focus on the identification the marine environment with its changes from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity and systemicity.Based on single indicators and comprehensive evaluation results,we can propose spatially targeted policies and recommendations scientifically.

关键词： marine environment quality spatial heterogeneity PSR Laizhou Bay

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柳国斌教授基于“腐祛新生”理论外治疮疡疾病的经验

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中国医药导报 2023年第29期20卷 132-135,139页

作者：杜玉青王杰樊炜静柳国斌上海中医药大学附属曙光医院血管外科上海200000

慢性疮疡一直是临床上难以解决的问题,腐肉是难愈性疮疡的最终病理产物。柳国斌教授根据丰富的临床经验指出其病因病机是瘀血阻滞。祛腐生新作为中医外治疮疡的经典理论,柳国斌教授发展了新的内涵,腐祛则生新血,生新脉,生新肉,生新皮。... 详细信息

慢性疮疡一直是临床上难以解决的问题,腐肉是难愈性疮疡的最终病理产物。柳国斌教授根据丰富的临床经验指出其病因病机是瘀血阻滞。祛腐生新作为中医外治疮疡的经典理论,柳国斌教授发展了新的内涵,腐祛则生新血,生新脉,生新肉,生新皮。还提出了“腐祛新生”理论治疗疮疡修复过程中择时之法,疮疡的脓腐和新生既是相互对立,又是互为消长、互助互用,不同时期的治疗各有侧重。柳国斌教授基于“腐祛新生”理论,在促进慢性疮疡愈合上取得了良好的临床效果,为创面修复提供了新思路、新方法。

关键词：腐祛新生疮疡外治理论

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Effects of land-use types on the vertical distribution of fractions of oxidizable organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第2期8卷 221-231页

作者： SUN Caili XUE Sha CHAI Zongzheng ZHANG Chao LIU Guobin Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College of Forestry Northwest A&F University

The oxidizability of soil organic carbon （SOC） influences soil quality and carbon sequestration. Four fractions of oxidizable organic carbon （very labile （C1）, labile （C2）, less labile （C3） and non-labile （C4）） reflect the status and composition of SOC and have implications for the change and retention of SOC. Studies of the fractions of oxidizable organic carbon （OC） have been limited to shallow soil depths and agroecosystems. How these fractions respond at deep soil depths and in other types of land-use is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the vertical distributions of the fractions of oxidizable organic carbon to a soil depth of 5.0 m in 10 land-use types in the Zhifanggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. Along the soil profile, C1 contents were highly variable in the natural grassland and shrubland I （Caragana microphylla）, C2 and C4 contents were highly variable in the natural grassland and two terraced croplands, respectively, and C3 contents varied little. Among the land-use types, natural grassland had the highest C1 and C2 contents in the 0-0.4 m layers, followed by shrubland I in the 0-0.1 m layer. Natural grassland had the highest C4 contents in the 1.0-4.5 m layers. Natural grassland and shrubland I thus contributed to improve the oxidizability of SOC in shallow soil, and the deep soil of natural grassland has a large potential to sequester SOC on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Iand-use types deep soil oxidizable organic-carbon fractions Loess Plateau

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Single-layer angularly-stable bandpass frequency-selective surface with interdigital resonator

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2021年第3期32卷 559-565页

作者： MA Xin liu Yunzhe WAN guobin PAN Aigang School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

A miniaturized periodic element for constructing bandpass frequency selective surface(FSS)independent of incident angles and polarizations is presented.An interdigital resonator(IR)with one extending finger to connect the two separate parts of the interdigital capacitor is explored to achieve parallel resonance.The equivalent circuit model(ECM)and electric field distributions are introduced to explain frequency performance of FSS.The whole structure has only one layer and possesses a low profile(a thickness of 0.0015λ,where λ represents the resonant wavelength in free space)as well as a small size(0.03λ×0.03λ).This FSS performs as a spatial bandpass filter which exhibits a great angular stability with incident angles ranging from 0° to 80° for both transverse electric(TE)and transverse magnetic(TM)polarizations.As an example,a prototype of one proposed FSS is fabricated and tested.The measured results show a good angular stability.

关键词： frequency selective surface(FSS) angular stability bandpass filter

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Effect of Root Architecture on Structural Stability and Erodibility of Topsoils during Concentrated Flow in Hilly Loess Plateau

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Chinese Geographical Science 2015年第6期25卷 757-764页

作者： LI Qiang LIU Guobin ZHANG Zheng TUO Dengfeng XU Mingxiang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A?F University

Traditional vegetation techniques for the control of concentrated flow erosion are widely recognized, whereas only a few studies have experimentally investigated the impacts of belowground roots on the erodibility of topsoils in semi-arid areas. To quantify the effects of root architectures on soil erodibility and its relevant structural properties, simulated flow experiments were conducted at six-week intervals from 18 July to 20 October in 2012 in the hilly Loess Plateau. Five treatments were: 1) bare(control), 2) purple alfalfa(Medicago sativa), representing tap roots(T), 3) switchgrass(Panicum virgatum), representing fibrous roots(F), 4) purple alfalfa and switchgrass, representing both tap and fibrous roots(T + F), and 5) natural recovery(N). For each treatment, soil structural properties and root characteristics were measured at an interval of six weeks. Soil anti-scouribility was calculated. Results showed that grass planting slightly reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil aggregate content by 19.1%, 10.6%, 28.5%, and 41.2% in the treatments T, F, T + F, and N, respectively. Soil shear strength(cohesion and angle of internal friction(φ)) significantly increased after the grass was planted. As roots grew, soil cohesion increased by 115.2%–135.5%, while soil disintegration rate decreased by 39.0%–58.1% in the 21 th week compared with the recorded value in the 9th week. Meanwhile, root density and root surface area density increased by 64.0%–104.7% and 75.9%–157.1%, respectively. No significant differences in soil anti-scouribility were observed between the treatments of T and F or of T + F and N, but the treatments of T + F and N performed more effectively than T or F treatment alone in retarding concentrated flow. Soil aggregation and root surface-area density explained the observed soil anti-scouribility during concentrated flow well for the different treatments. This result proved that the restoration of natural vegetation might be the most appropriate strategy in soil reinforcement in the hilly Lo

关键词：土壤可蚀性黄土丘陵区根系特征结构稳定性抗蚀性时间间隔测量土壤抗冲性表面积密度

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Opportunities and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer

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Cancer Innovation 2022年第2期1卷 183-193页

作者： Jing Zhao Xiaoli Zhuo Lei liu Zhe Yang guobin Fu The Department of Oncology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina The Department of Oncology The College of Clinical MedicineShandong First Medical University(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences)JinanChina The Department of Oncology Shandong Provincial HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina

Small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)accounts for 15%–20%of primary lung cancers,and it is characterized by low differentiation,rapid proliferation,and early metastasis.At least two-thirds of SCLC patients present with the extensive stage(ES)at the time of initial clinical diagnosis.Over the last 2 decades,platinum-based combination chemotherapy has remained the standard first-line treatment for SCLC.With the introduction of the immunotherapy era,immunotherapy plus chemotherapy has replaced conventional chemotherapy as the first-line treatment option for ES-SCLC and is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical guidelines.Therefore,in this review,we present the latest research advances in SCLC treatment,predictive biomarkers,and other topics of high interest to provide options for patients with SCLC.

关键词： small-cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors molecular typing targeted therapy

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