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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong li Bin ZHANG liying WAN xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong liu Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELli Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng li Qiuping REN lijuan CAO Yayang LU International Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China university of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA university of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA department of Earth and environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South china Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer:insights from epidemiology,genomic alterations,and therapeutic challenges

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第6期17卷 1135-1169页

作者： Zhichen jiang Xiaohao Zheng min li mingyang liu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China department of General Surgery Division of Gastroenterology and PancreasZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014China department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China department of General Surgery Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China department of Medicine The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Pancreatic cancer,notorious for its late diagnosis and aggressive progression,poses a substantial challenge owing to scarce treatment *** review endeavors to furnish a holistic insight into pancreatic cancer,encompassing its epidemiology,genomic characterization,risk factors,diagnosis,therapeutic strategies,and treatment resistance *** delve into identifying risk factors,including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures,and explore recent research advancements in precursor lesions and molecular subtypes of pancreatic ***,we highlight the development and application of multi-omics approaches in pancreatic cancer research and discuss the latest combinations of pancreatic cancer biomarkers and their *** also dissect the primary mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in this malignancy,illustrating the latest therapeutic options and advancements in the ***,we accentuate the urgent demand for more extensive research to enhance the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.

关键词： pancreatic cancer cancer screening single cell molecular alterations precancerous lesion therapy resistance

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang min Chen Chenying liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the department of Chemistry and department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina jiangsu Key Laboratory of atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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Emerging contaminants:A One Health perspective

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 140-170,139页

作者： Fang Wang Leilei Xiang Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung Martin Elsner Ying Zhang Yuming Guo Bo Pan Hongwen Sun Taicheng An Guangguo Ying Bryan WBrooks Deyi Hou Damian EHelbling Jianqiang Sun Hao Qiu Timothy MVogel Wei Zhang Yanzheng Gao Myrna JSimpson Yi Luo Scott XChang Guanyong Su Bryan MWong Tzung-May Fu Dong Zhu Karl JJobst Chengjun Ge Frederic Coulon Jean Damascene Harindintwali Xiankui Zeng Haijun Wang Yuhao Fu Zhong Wei Rainer Lohmann Changer Chen Yang Song Concepcion Sanchez-Cid Yu Wang Ali El-Naggar Yiming Yao Yanran Huang Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law Chenggang Gu Huizhong Shen Yanpeng Gao Chao Qin Hao li Tong Zhang Natàlia Corcoll min liu Daniel SAlessi Hui li Kristian KBrandt Yolanda Pico Cheng Gu Jianhua Guo Jianqiang Su Philippe Corvini Mao Ye Teresa Rocha-Santos Huan He Yi Yang Meiping Tong Weina Zhang Fidèle Suanon Ferdi Brahushi Zhenyu Wang Syed AHashsham Marko Virta Qingbin Yuan Gaofei jiang Louis A.Tremblay Qingwei Bu Jichun Wu Willie Peijnenburg Edward Topp xinde Cao xin jiang minghui Zheng Taolin Zhang Yongming Luo lizhong Zhu Xiangdong li DamiàBarceló Jianmin Chen Baoshan xing Wulf Amelung Zongwei Cai Ravi Naidu Qirong Shen Janusz Pawliszyn Yong-guan Zhu Andreas Schaeffer Matthias C.Rillig Fengchang Wu gang Yu James M.Tiedje State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Virtual University ParkShenzhenChina Technical university of Munich TUM School of Natural SciencesInstitute of Hydrochemistry85748 GarchingGermany School of Resources&Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Faculty of environmental Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500China ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Guangdong Key Laboratory of environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China ministry of Education Key Laboratory of environmental Theoretical Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China department of environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research(CRASR) Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Civil and environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China School of environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557UMR INRAE 1418VetAgro Sup69622 VilleurbanneFrance department of Pla

environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary *** global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the *** response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution *** review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health *** for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international *** actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.

关键词： pollution planet contaminants

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Modern pollen distributions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing Holocene environmental changes

Modern pollen distributions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and t...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： Houyuan Lu~(a,*),Naiqin Wu~a,Kam-biu liu~b,liping Zhu~c,Xiangdong Yang~d,Tandong Yao~c,Luo Wang~a, Quan li~a,xingqi liu~d,Caiming Shen~e,Xiaoqiang li~f,Guobang Tong~g,Hui jiang~h aKey Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china b department of Oceanography and Coastal sciences,Louisiana State university,Baton Rouge,LA 70803,USA cInstitute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china d State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,nanjing Institute of limnology and Geography,Chinese Academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china e atmospheric sciences Research Center,State university of New York,Albany,NY 12203,USA f Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100044,china g Institute of Hydrology and Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological sciences,Zhengding 050803,china h State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East china Normal university,Shanghai 200062,china

This study investigates the distribution of modern pollen assemblages in the Qjnghai-Tibetan Plateau, china,based on surface soil samples collected at 1202 sites along an altitudinal gradient of 10 -5500 m asl,where mean annual precipitation(MAP) ranges from 12 to 1840 mm and mean annual temperature(MAT) from -1 to 21.5℃.A total of 153 pollen taxa were found with relative abundances greater than 1%in at least two *** correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to determine the main environmental variables influencing pollen *** results reveal that MAP is the most significant dominant ***,MAT,altitude(ALT),July temperature(MT7),and relative humidity(HHH) are also significant variables that clearly follow the gradients in the CCA ordination, suggesting that pollen assemblages probably not only reflect a single climatic parameter,but also a variety of other climatic inter-related parameters. Transfer functions,based on locally weighted weighted averaging(LWWA),were developed for MAP (R-boot = 0.89,RMSEP = 109 mm),MAT(R-boot = *** = 2.3℃),ALT(R-boot = 0.73, RMSEP = 597 m),HHH(R-boot = 0.82,RMSEP = 4.5%),and July mean precipitation(MP7)(R- boot = 0.87,RMSEP = 23 ram).Overall,our results confirm that pollen can provide reliable estimates of the primary climatic *** application of the LWWA model to the fossil records of Chen Co Lake allowed quantitative inferences to be made about Holocene climatic changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau,suggesting that LWWA is a robust calibration method for quantitative palaeo-environ-mental reconstruction based on pollen data in the regions.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan plateau Vegetation Pollen Transfer functions Holocene Climatic changes

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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Enhances Vasoconstriction by Altering Calcium Homeostasis in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells under Simulated Microgravity

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 2021年第3期34卷 203-212页

作者： liu Zi Fan WANG Hai ming jiang min WANG lin liN Le Jian ZHAO Yun Zhang SHAO Jun Jie ZHOU Jing Jing XIE Man jiang li xin ZHANG Ran department of Cardiovascular Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital&Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China department of Cardiology The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100193China The First Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical university Hohhot 010059Inner MongoliaChina department of Aerospace Physiology Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of EducationFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032ShaanxiChina Division of Health services The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Objective Exposure to microgravity results in postflight cardiovascular deconditioning in *** oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported during this *** elucidate the mechanism for this condition,we investigated whether mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates calcium homeostasis and vasoconstriction in hindlimb unweighted(HU)rat cerebral *** Three-week HU was used to simulate microgravity in *** contractile responses to vasoconstrictors,mitochondrial fission/fusion,Ca^(2+) distribution,inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3 R)abundance,and the activities of voltage-gated K+channels(KV)and Ca^(2+)-activated K+channels(BKCa)were examined in rat cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Results An increase of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+) and a decrease of mitochondrial/sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)Ca^(2+) were observed in HU rat cerebral *** abundance of fusion proteins(mitofusin 1/2[MFN1/2])and fission proteins(dynamin-related protein 1[DRP1]and fission-mitochondrial 1[FIS1])was significantly downregulated and upregulated,respectively in HU rat cerebral *** cerebrovascular contractile responses to vasoconstrictors were enhanced in HU rats compared to control rats,and IP3 R protein/mRNA levels were significantly *** current densities and open probabilities of KV and BKCa decreased and increased,*** with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO attenuated mitochondrial fission by upregulating MFN1/2 and downregulating DRP1/*** also decreased IP3 R expression levels and restored the activities of the KV and BKCa *** restored the Ca^(2+) distribution in VSMCs and attenuated the enhanced vasoconstriction in HU rat cerebral *** The present results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress enhances cerebral vasoconstriction by regulating calcium homeostasis during simulated microgravity.

关键词： Microgravity Mitochondrial oxidative stress Calcium homeostasis Vasoconstriction

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Predicted 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Association with Sleep Duration among Adults in beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,china

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 2021年第10期34卷 803-813页

作者： WANG Yu Xue ZHANG li li Chun Jun QI xin FAN Ya Qi HE jiang Shan GUO Pei HU Jia lin CHEN Shuo NIU Yu Jie liu Feng ZHANG Rong li Qiang MA Shi Tao ZHANG Mian Zhi HONG Cheng lin ZHANG min Ying School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Tianjin First Central Hospital Tianjin 300071China Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin 300071China beijing Physical Examination Center Beijing 100021China Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health Shijiazhuang 050000HebeiChina department of Occupational Health and environmental Health Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000HebeiChina Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100071China Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital Tianjin 300120China department of Social Welfare School of Public AffairsUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095CAAmerica

Objective The study aims to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk and explore its association with sleep duration among Chinese urban *** We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort that recruited adults for health screening by cluster *** simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Framingham 10-year risk score(FRS)were used to measure sleep duration and CVD *** characteristics,personal history of chronic diseases,lifestyle factors were collected using a ***,weight,total cholesterol(TC),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were also *** logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of sleep duration with the predicted CVD *** We included 31,135 participants(median age 44 years,53.02%males)free of CVD,cerebral stroke,and not taking lipid-lowering ***,14.05%,and 25.55%of participants were at medium and high predicted CVD risk,*** sleep was independently associated with increased odds of medium to high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among males(OR=1.10;95%CI:1.01–1.19)and increased odds of medium to high and high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among females(OR=1.23;95%CI:1.08–1.40;OR=1.27;95%CI:1.11–1.44).In contrast,long sleep had no association with cardiovascular *** A substantial number of adults free of CVD were at high 10-year CVD *** sleep was associated with increased odds of predicted CVD risk.

关键词： Predicted 10-year CVD risk Framingham risk score Sleep duration

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The Predictability of Ocean Environments that Contributed to the 2020/21 Extreme Cold Events in china:2020/21 La Niña and 2020 Arctic Sea Ice Loss

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2022年第4期39卷 658-675页

作者： Fei ZHENG Ji-Ping liu Xiang-Hui FANG Mi-Rong SONG Chao-Yuan YANG Yuan YUAN Ke-xin li Ji WANG jiang ZHU International Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of atmospheric and environmental sciences university at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222USA department of atmospheric and Oceanic sciences&Institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China beijing municipal Climate Center Beijing 100089China

Several consecutive extreme cold events impacted china during the first half of winter 2020/21,breaking the low-temperature records in many *** to make accurate climate predictions of extreme cold events is still an urgent *** synergistic effect of the warm Arctic and cold tropical Pacific has been demonstrated to intensify the intrusions of cold air from polar regions into middle-high latitudes,further influencing the cold conditions in ***,climate models failed to predict these two ocean environments at expected lead *** seasonal climate forecasts only predicted the 2020/21 La Niña after the signal had already become apparent and significantly underestimated the observed Arctic sea ice loss in autumn 2020 with a 1-2 month *** this work,the corresponding physical factors that may help improve the accuracy of seasonal climate predictions are further *** the 2020/21 La Niña prediction,through sensitivity experiments involving different atmospheric-oceanic initial conditions,the predominant southeasterly wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific in spring of 2020 are diagnosed to play an irreplaceable role in triggering this cold event.A reasonable inclusion of atmospheric surface winds into the initialization will help the model predict La Niña development from the early spring of *** predicting the Arctic sea ice loss in autumn 2020,an anomalously cyclonic circulation from the central Arctic Ocean predicted by the model,which swept abnormally hot air over Siberia into the Arctic Ocean,is recognized as an important contributor to successfully predicting the minimum Arctic sea ice extent.

关键词： extreme cold event predictability La Niña Arctic sea ice loss

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Estimation of the PM_(2.5) effective hygroscopic parameter and water content based on particle chemical composition: Methodology and case study

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Science china Earth sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1683-1691页

作者： liu YueChen WU ZhiJun TAN TianYi WANG YuJue QIN YanHong ZHENG Jing li MengRen HU min department of environmental Science Peking University

Particle hygroscopicity plays a key role in understanding the mechanisms of haze formation and particle optical properties. The present study developed a method for predicting the effective hygroscopic parameter k and the water content of PM_(2.5) on the basis of the k-K?hler theory and bulk chemical components of PM_(2.5). Our study demonstrated that the effective hygroscopic parameter can be estimated using the PM_(2.5) mass concentration, water-soluble ions, and total water-soluble carbon. By combining the estimated k and ambient relative humidity, the water content of PM_(2.5) can be further estimated. As an example, the k and water content of PM_(2.5) in beijing were estimated utilizing the method proposed in this study. The annual average value of k of PM_(2.5) in beijing was 0.25±0.09, the maximum k value 0.26±0.08 appeared in summer, and the seasonal variation is insignificant. The PM_(2.5) water content was determined by both the PM_(2.5) hygroscopicity and the ambient relative humidity(RH). The annual average mass ratio of water content and PM_(2.5) was 0.18±0.20, and the maximum value 0.31±0.25 appeared in summer. Based on the estimated water content of PM_(2.5) in beijing, the relationship between the PM_(2.5) water content and RH was parameterized as: m(%)=0.03+(5.73×10^(-8)) ×RH^(3.72).This parametric formula helps to characterize the relationship between the PM_(2.5) mass concentration and atmospheric visibility.

关键词： PM2.5 Effective hygroscopic parameter Water content Chemical component Relative humidity

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Increased Arterial Stiffness in Subjects with Pre-diabetes among Middle Aged Population in beijing,china

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 2013年第9期26卷 717-725页

作者： SHEN li ZHANG Yan Ge liu min WU liu xin QIANG Dong Chang SUN Xue Lei liu lin jiang Yuan Yuan department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center Institute of Aviation Medicine AF

Objective To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and pre-diabetes when assessed by the new glycosylated hemoglobin Ale （HbAlc） 5.7%-6.4% criterion or by impaired fasting glucose in middle aged Chinese. Methods 1122 adults aged 55 years or younger in the health examination centers for physical check-ups were enrolled in the two large-sized Tertiary Comprehensive Hospitals in beijing from June 2011 to June 2012 after excluding those who previously had been diagnosed or treated as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Subjects with a diagnosis of pre-diabetes according to impaired fasting glucose （IFG）（fasting plasma glucose （FPG） levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L）, HbA^c levels at 5.7%-6.4%, or both, were classified into four groups for observation：（1） Normoglycaemia （HbA^c〈5.7% and FPG 〈5.6 mmol/L）; （2） IFG alone （FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c〈5.7% ）; （3） HbAI~ 5.7%-6.4% alone （HbA^c levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG 〈5.6 mmol/L）; and （4） both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG （l-lbA1~ levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L）. All subjects were measured for weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （baPWV）. Results The mean values of baPWV were 1282±8, 1311±10, 1398±30, and 1418_±27 cm/s （Mean_±SE） in Normoglycaemia, HbA~ 5.7%-6.4% alone, IFG alone and the both HbAlc 5.7%-6.4% and IFG groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI and triglyceride, baPWV was significantly higher in subjects with both HbAlc5.7%-6.4% and iFG compared among the subjects with Normoglycaemia （1350±14 vs. 1301±6 cm/s, P=0.002） and HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone （1350±14 vs. 1309±8 cm/s, P=0.013）.Conclusion Subjects with pre-diabetes exhibited a greater arterial stiffness.

关键词： Pre-diabetes Vascular stiffness Arterial stiffness

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