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Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： liu fei1,2 & chao jiping3,4 1 institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 4 First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of china, Qingdao 266061, china institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao 266061 China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2 m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件

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Evolution of desertification in a two-dimensional energy balance model coupled with thermodynamics and dynamics

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1726-1733页

作者： chao jiping1,2 & LI YaoKun3,4 1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, china 3State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 4Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The relationship between desert evolution and change in albedo has been investigated quasi-analytically using a zonal mean two-dimensional energy balance model which considers the radiation transmission process due to thermodynamics and bound- ary layer movement caused by kinetics. A climate state including temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and vertical wind can be simulated according to the current zonal distribution of albedo. Given desert distribution, characterized by the value and distribution of albedo, the response of climate on albedo has been studied to analyze the evolution of desert climate. One significant result is that the simple model can reproduce mean meridional circulation. Another result indicates that climate corresponds to two equilibria. This happens when the junction temperature between vegetation and desert is higher than a certain critical value. As for the first equilibrium, the desert belt is predicted to move southward in the northern hemisphere with the increasing values of albedo, which corresponds to the current trend of climate change. For the second equilibrium, vegetation will expand northward with increasing values of albedo, which would indicate a narrowing of the desert belt. In order to determine if the two equilibria exist, new physical models are needed.

关键词： two-dimensional energy balance model desertification two equilibria

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Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： chao jiping1 & liu fei2,3 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

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Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 10-20页

作者： LI Pixue ZHANG Zhanhai liu jiping Ocean University of china Qingdao 266100 China Polar Research institute of china Shanghai 200136 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center Shanghai 200232 China

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS,trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean,whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff,are *** results show that for the past 30 years,the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally *** is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer,leading to the reduced seasonal *** spring,surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four *** summer,precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie,while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and *** Mackenzie,atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons,which is not the case for the Eurasian *** authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea *** negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring,while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in *** addition,each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.

关键词： Arctic runoff multiple linear regressions sea ice

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Advances in atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their ***Ⅱ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 183-208页

作者： Hua ZHANG Feng ZHANG Lei liu Yuzhi liu Husi LETU Yuanjian YANG Zhengqiang LI Kun WU Shuai HU Ming LI Tie DAI fei WANG Zhili WANG Yuxiang LING Yining SHI chao liu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Department of atmospheric and Oceanic sciences&institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 College of atmospheric sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 School of atmospheric physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric *** review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from chinese *** recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly ***,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.

关键词： atmospheric radiation radiative transfer remote sensing radiative forcing climate change

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Multiple equilibria of cross-equatorial Inertial jets

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第1期50卷 153-160页

作者： chao jiping1,2 & liu fei3,4 1 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2 The First institute of Oceanography ,SOA, Qingdao 266060, china 3 Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 4 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China The First institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao 266060 China Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on the developed Anderson and Moore's theory about cross-equatorial inertial jets and a nonlinear equivalence shallow water model, new universal functions are determined by the characters of the vortical large-scale air flow (atmosphere) or ocean current (ocean) related to the jet, then the potential vorticity and energy conservation equations along the streamline in the cross-equatorial in-ertial jets can be obtained. Because the governing equations are nonlinear, some limited multiple equi-libria of cross-equatorial inertial jets may exist. According to the character of large-scale air flow or ocean current outside the jets, the existent criterion for multiple eqnilibria in cross-equatorial inertial jets is discussed, and two examples for multiple equilibia of nonlinear governing equations are given.

关键词： multiple equilibria cross-equatorial inertial jets the potential vorticity energy conservation.

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Formation of the thermal-driven boundary jet in an f-plane mesoscale basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第1期51卷 152-160页

作者： FENG LiCheng1,2 & chao jiping3,4 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 National Marine Environment Forecast Center, beijing 100081, china 4 First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 10 National Marine Environment Forecast Center Beijing 100081 China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The paper adopts an f-plane quasi-geostrophic inertial model without linearization to investigate the perturbation temperature, boundary jet and upwelling (downwelling) in an idealized rectangular basin, under the consideration of west side friction layer and heat conservation. There is net heat input on the upper surface and equal quality heat dissipation on the west boundary, and without heat exchange on other boundaries, then the heat is conservation in the whole basin. Results show that there is thermal front due to denseness of the perturbation temperature in the west side boundary, the perturbation pressure and flow field are reversal on the upper layer and bottom layer. On the bottom layer, the west coastal current is northward, and the maximum perturbation pressure center is on the west, however, on the upper layer, the east coastal current is southward, and the maximum perturbation pressure center is on the east. There is strong vertical flow in narrow western boundary layer, and also in the central zone. The effect of different upper thermal forcings is also studied, and it can be concluded that there is always temperature denseness and boundary jet near the west boundary, and the appearance of flow field reversal, but the distribution of vertical flow is rather different.

关键词： boundary jet vertical flow thermal front thermal-driven heat conservation

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Spring Arctic Sea Ice as an Indicator of Eurasian Summer and North American Rainfall

Spring Arctic Sea Ice as an Indicator of Eurasian Summer and...

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第28届中国气象学会年会

作者： MirongSong jiping liu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,institute of atmospheric physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing,100029,china

Associations between spring Arctic sea ice concentrations（SIC） and 1) Eurasian and 2) North American summer rainfall are examined using singular value *** show that a reduced SIC in the north Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic and an enhanced SIC in much of the central Arctic Basin and Beaufort Sea are accompanied by 1) dry conditions over northern and eastern Europe,Mongolia,and northern and central china,and wet conditions over much of Siberia,western and southern Europe,and Middle East,and 2) dry conditions over the western United States,the northern Great Plains,the Midwest,westernmost Canada,and central and eastern Greenland,and wet conditions over the southern United States,Alaska,northern Canada,and western *** circulation anomalies associated with the SIC variability show wave train structures,which are quite persistent from spring to summer and responsible for the identified covariability between the spring Arctic SIC and 1) Eurasian and 2) North American summer *** relationships suggest a potential long‐term outlook for the 1) Eurasian and 2) North American summer rainfall as the decline of the spring sea ice in the north Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic is expected to continue associated with greenhouse warming.

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A semi-analytical model for the propagation of Rossby waves in slowly varying flow

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第25期56卷 2727-2731页

作者： liu fei chao jiping HUANG Gang FENG LiCheng Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu 96822 USA National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Instead of using complicated general circulation models (GCMs), a simple semi-analytical model based on ray theory has been used to study energy evolution and ray path of Rossby waves in slowly varying mean flows. Our model yields similar results to those calculated from barotropic models, and also provides a chance to study Rossby waves in the slowly varying flows with both vertical and meridional shears. The model results show that upward Rossby waves can only grow in westerlies, and decay when further ascend. The baroclinic Rossky waves are restrained by the β effect in lower latitude. In the westerly jet with meridional and vertical shears, the barotropic Rossby waves originated from south of the westerly jet, and these can grow while propagating upper-northward. The baroclinic Rossby waves originated from north of the westerly jet and can grow while propagating upward and southward. Such a semi-analytical model provides a simple forecasting tool to allow study of the local weather anomalies to the heating/topography forcing associated with the global warming.

关键词： Rossby波半解析模型传播模式大气环流模型变流西风急流 GCMS 射线路径

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三江平原湿地土壤汞的分布特征及影响因素分析

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水土保持学报 2003年第1期17卷 122-124,130页

作者：刘汝海王起超郝庆菊王艳李志博中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所长春130012 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

三江平原湿地土壤汞的含量具有随深度增加总汞含量逐渐降低的特点,表层总汞含量具有小叶樟湿地<乌拉苔草沼泽<毛果苔草沼泽的特点,与水分特征一致,与地势的高低相反。植被在土壤与大气汞的交换中有重要的作用,植物汞是土壤汞的主要来源... 详细信息

三江平原湿地土壤汞的含量具有随深度增加总汞含量逐渐降低的特点,表层总汞含量具有小叶樟湿地479X(有机质,%)+19.4338和Y(总汞,ng/g)=0.0586479X(总硫,mg/kg)+19.4338加以预测。有机质和总硫影响着汞的形态和迁移。总汞含量与pH具有一定的负相关关系。地势、水分条件和植被是影响3种类型沼泽湿地总汞含量的主要驱动因子。

关键词：湿地土壤汞有机质总硫

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