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Physico-Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of the Arable Soils in Lhasa,Tibet,China

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 558-569页

作者： WEI Yai ZHOU Zhonghao liu gangcai Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China College of Resources and Environment Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration Chongqing 402160China

An understanding of the physical,chemical,and biological properties of a soil provides a basis for soil use and *** paper reports the major physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities of the soils of Lhasa's main arable lands and the factors that influence these soil *** and core samples were taken from the three main arable soil types(alluvial soil,subalpine arable steppe soil,and subalpine arable meadow soil) and were analysed using standard *** bulk density and the ventilation porosity ratio of the soils were close to the recommended values for arable lands,and the dominant soil texture was *** soil moisture release rates were arable steppe soil > alluvial soil > arable meadow *** organic matter content,Cation-Exchange Capacity(CEC),total and available nitrogen content,and catalase activity of the arable meadow soil were higher than those of the alluvial and the arable steppe soils,while soil pH in the arable meadow was *** of the measured properties did not show a significant variance among these three ***,the measured indices(apart from the total potassium) indicate that there are notable differences among the three types of *** results implied that the utilisation patterns of the arable soil or human activities,such as tillage practices and fertiliser applications,have a substantialeffect on the soil properties in this *** results suggest that the cultivation practices in the region have apparently positive impact on the soil organic matter,nutrient contents and bulk density probably due to the sound fertiliser management such as the applications of farmyard manure and chemical ***,intense cultivation practices lowered the activity of most soil *** results demonstrate that the choice of soil management strategy had a significant impact on the soil physicochemical and biological properties in the region studied.

关键词： Arable land Enzyme activity Land use Physico-chemical property

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Laboratory Investigation of Disintegration Characteristics of Purple Mudstone under Different Hydrothermal Conditions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 127-136页

作者： ZHANG Dan CHEN Anqiang liu gangcai Key Laboratory.of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of ScienceChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Disintegration of rock is one of the primary processes of soil formation and geomorphology and is affected considerably by water and *** study focused on the disintegration characteristics under laboratory conditions of typical purple mudstone from the Tuodian group of Jurassic red beds(J3t) in Tuodian Town,Shuangbai county,Yunnan Province of southern *** fresh mudstone was subjected to alternating applications of water,heat and hydrothermal interaction during five treatments:wetting-drying(WD),saturation(ST),refrigeration-heating(RH),a combination of wetting-drying and refrigeration-heating(WDRH),and a combination of saturation and refrigeration-heating(STRH).Each treatment was run in twenty-four *** results showed that there are three types of disintegration:collapsing disintegration,exfoliation disintegration and imperceptible *** cumulative disintegration rate(percentage of cumulative disintegrated mass to the initiative sample mass passed through a 2 mm sieve) produced a 'S'-shape function when related to treatment cycle time and closely fit a logistic model(R2 > 0.99).The rank order of the cumulative disintegration rate resulting from the five treatments was as the following:WDRH > STRH > ST > WD > *** of alternating periods of moisture and dryness,WD caused the most disintegration,while RH alone resulted in imperceptible ***,there was a negative correlation between the disintegration rate of each treatment cycle(percentage of disintegrated mass to the treated sample mass) and treatment cycle *** was a positive correlation between this rate and temperature change under moist conditions,indicating that a change in temperature greatly accelerates the disintegration of parent rock when water was supplied.

关键词： Physical weathering Mudstone Rock disintegration Hydrothermal interaction Water alternation Heat alternation

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Assessment of Soil Erosion by Compensatory Hoeing Tillage in a Purple Soil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 59-66页

作者： SU Zhengan ZHANG Jianhui XIONG Donghong liu gangcai Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Aeademy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

This study explores the role of a traditional tillage method,i.e.,compensatory hoeing,for sustainable agro-ecosystem management in the hilly areas of the Chongqing municipality,south-western *** validate the effects of compensatory tillage on the terraced slopes,the tillage method of noncompensatory hoeing was conducted on a linear *** acquire information about 137 Cs inventories and soil texture,soil samples were collected by a core sampler with a 6.8-cm diameter at 5.0-m intervals along the toposequence and the linear slope in the dry season(March) of ***,a tillage erosion model was used for evaluating the spatial pattern of tillage *** 137 Cs data showed that on the terraced slope,soil was lost from the upper slope,and soil deposition occurred at the toe slope positions on each *** a result,abrupt changes in the 137 Cs inventories of soil were found over short distances between two sides of terrace *** obtained from the tillage erosion model and the 137 Cs data indicate that soil redistribution mainly results from tillage erosion in the terraced *** non-compensatory tillage caused soil redistribution on the linear slope,resulting in thin soil profile disappearing at the top and soil accumulating at the bottom positions of the linear *** result further validates that compensatory tillage could avoid the complete erosion of the thin soil layer at the summit ***,this traditional ***,i.e.,compensatory tillage,has maintained the soil quality at the summit of the slope in the past decades.

关键词： Compensatory tillage Tillage erosion model 137 Cs Three Gorges Reservoir region China

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A Quantification of the Effects of Erosion on the Productivity of Purple Soils

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 96-104页

作者： ZHAO Li JIN Jie DU Shuhan liu gangcai Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes ChineseAcademy of ScienceChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy ofSciencChengdu 610041China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Science Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesYuan mou 651300China

Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing *** soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national ***,the relationship between erosion and the productivity of purple soils has not been well *** purpose of this research was to determine if soil depth,which is dependent on the rate of erosion,has an influence on crop yield and *** and pot experiments at different soil depths were *** indicate that soils from different parental materials had different growth features and crop yields due to the differential fertility of the derived *** yield reduction rate increases exponentially with the depth of eroded soil(level of erosion).The yield reduction rate per unit eroded soil horizon(10 cm) is approximately 10.5% for maize and wheat.

关键词： Purple soil Erosion Productivity Impact characteristics China

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Planar morphology and controlling factors of the gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley based on field investigation

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 778-793页

作者： DENG Qingchun MIAO Fang ZHANG Bin LUO Mingliang liu Hui liu Xiaojiao QIN Fachao liu gangcai College of Geophysics Chengdu University of Technology School of Land and Resources China West Normal University Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

The plane form of a gully can provide a basis for evaluating the gully volume and erosion rate, acting process, and evolutionary stage. For describing the planar characteristics of a permanent gully and understanding their controlling factors, this study, utilizing a total station and GPS RTK, measured the shoulder lines and channel curves of 112 gullies in six sites of the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley and then mapped them by Arc GIS software and calculated nine parameters. The results showed that the channel lengths range from 10.88 to 249.11 m; the widths range from 6.20 to 40.99 m; the perimeters range from 54.11 to 541.67 m; the gully areas range from 153.02 to 6,930.30 m2; the left-side areas range from 92.93 to 4,027.20 m2; and the right-side areas range from 63.65 to 3,539.77 m2. The slightly sinuous and straight gullies account for 73.21% of the total gullies; the quantity of the right skewed gullies is 8.93% greater than that of the left skewed ones based on the symmetry ratio; the shape ratios range from 1.12 to 1.40 and the morphology ratios from 0.038 to 1.294; the fractal dimension is 1.192. Gullies in different sites have diverse planar characteristics. Except for the symmetry index, which was close to a negatively skewed distribution, all of the other parameters had the characteristic of positively skewed distribution. The gully area is related to the length and width, but the gully length has a weak correlation with the width. The evolutionary stage, topographic conditions, strata, soil properties, and piping erosion played very important roles in the gully planar morphology. This study could provide useful information for controlling gully erosion and safeguarding human habitation and engineering buildings.

关键词： gully plane form morphological parameters controlling factors Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley

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Stem CO_(2) efflux of Abies fabri in subalpine forests in the Gongga Mountains,Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第6期10卷 1001-1011页

作者： Guang Zhao gangcai liu Wanze Zhu Jixia Zhao Xuemei Wang Yaoyao Wang Min Jia Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources#.9Block 4Renminnanlu RoadChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A YuquanluBeijing 100039China

Aims Despite the importance of stem cO_(2)efflux(Es)in ecosystem carbon cycling and energy balance,little is known about temporal variation in the temperature coefficient(Q10)and sapwood nitrogen concen-trations([N])and their intrinsic links with *** objectives of this study were:(i)to examine the response of Es to temperature in a subalpine region and(ii)to explore the influence of stem diameter and[N]on ***,we will test the hypothesis that(i)Es in trees has thermal acclimation and(ii)Es will be well correlated with diameter at breast height(DBH)and[N].Methods Here,a horizontally oriented soil chamber technique was applied to measure Es of Abies fabri in two subalpine forest stands in Southwestern china from May to December *** also exam-ined the variability in Es,Q10 and[N]in trees and monitored the relationship between temperature,[N],DBH and *** Findings During the measurement period,Es showed an apparent seasonal trend,following the change in air temperature,increasing from May and peaking in July,then continuously decreasing until *** mean Es for the growing and dormant seasons were 1.45 and 0.25μmol·m^(−2)·s^(−1),respectively,and Es in the mature forest was sig-nificantly higher than in the immature *** area-based Es was positively correlated with DBH and sapwood width(SW),while volume-based Es showed negative relationship with DBH and *** the five diameter classes,69.8-89.0%of the variation in Es could be explained by air *** temperature sensitiv-ity(Q10)of Es ranged from 2.98 to 5.61 during the measurement period,with a higher Q10 appearing in the growing season than in the dormant *** was a significant linear relationship(P<0.01)between[N]and Es(expressed based on two different units).Additionally,exponential models of Es against[N]and air temperature were applied to estimate Es.

关键词： stem cO_(2)efflux Q10 DBH sapwood nitrogen contents subalpine forests

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Analysis of Ecosystem Degradation Factors in Yuanmou Arid-Hot Valleys Based on Interpretative Structural Model

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第3期13卷 279-284页

作者： ZHANG Bin liu gangcai AI Nanshan SHI Kai SHU Chengqiang Land and Resources College China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002 Sichuan China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academyof Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065 Sichuan China

For ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded area, it is an important premise to correctly understand the degradation factors of the ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys. The factors including vegetation degradation, land degradation, arid climate, policy failure, forest fire, rapid population growth, excessive deforestation, overgrazing, steep slope reclamation, economic poverty, engineering construction, lithology, slope, low cultural level, geological hazards, biological disaster, soil properties etc, were selected to study the Yuanmou arid-hot valleys. Based on the interpretative structural model （ISM）, it has found out that the degradation factors of the Yuanmou arid-hot valleys were not at the same level but in a multilevel hierarchical system with internal relations, which pointed out that the degradation mode of the arid-hot valleys was ＂straight （appearance）-penetrating-background＂. Such researches have important directive significance for the restoration and reconstruction of the arid-hot valleys ecosystem.

关键词： interpretative structural model ecosystem degradation factors the arid-hot valleys

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Mutual Tolerance Ecology is a Key to Future Eco-environmental Science

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环境科学前沿（中英文版） 2015年第1期4卷 1-10页

作者： gangcai liu Xuemei Wang JunHangWu Yuxiao He Fuqiang Dai Bin Zhang Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Chengdu 610041 China College of Tourism and Land Resources Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China Land and Resources College China West Normal University Nanchong 610000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

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Anti-scourability of purple soil on hillslopes with different land uses

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2003年第z1期46卷 133-141页

作者： ZHANG Jianhui, liu gangcai, NI Shijun, ZHU Bo & GE Fanglong Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Technol Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China

A large-scale flume (40 cm×10 cm×10 cm) was used to determine soil anti-scourability of 4 different land uses of purple soil in hilly areas of Sichuan, China under artificial removal of vegetation to examine the effects of land uses on sediment production by runoff. The results showed that soil anti-scourability declined with the increase of slope gradients in the form of power function, but there was a significant difference in the effects of slope gradients on anti-scourability between different land uses. The ratio of the mean values of soil anti-scourability was 1︰2.2︰2.5︰3.6 for forest land, new waste pasture, old waste pasture, crop land respectively, indicating that forest and grass use can significantly improve soil anti-scourability. Compared with the observations from the runoff plots located at the same sites in this region, an inconsistent result was found between anti-scourability and anti-erodibility in hilly areas of Sichuan. Essential causes of the differences in soil anti-scourability were further discussed based on analyzing the influence of inherent soil characteristics induced by different land uses on soil anti-scourability.

关键词： sediment yield, soil anti-scourability, land use, vegetation, purple soil.

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干热河谷车桑子光合生理特性对氮磷添加的响应

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生态学报 2019年第22期39卷 8615-8629页

作者：王雪梅刘泉闫帮国赵广刘刚才绵阳师范学院资源环境工程学院绵阳621000 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室成都610041 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所元谋651300 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

氮磷养分是限制干热河谷植物生长的重要元素,不同土壤上植物受到的养分限制类型不同。光合作用作为植物生长发育的基础,不同土壤上氮磷养分添加对干热河谷植物光合生理特征的影响还没有报道。因此,以干热河谷优势植物——车桑子为研究对... 详细信息

氮磷养分是限制干热河谷植物生长的重要元素,不同土壤上植物受到的养分限制类型不同。光合作用作为植物生长发育的基础,不同土壤上氮磷养分添加对干热河谷植物光合生理特征的影响还没有报道。因此,以干热河谷优势植物——车桑子为研究对象,在元谋县不同海拔处采集土壤,设置加氮(+N)、加磷(+P)、氮磷同时添加(+NP)和不添加(CK)四个处理,研究车桑子光合响应曲线、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光特性对氮、磷添加的响应规律,并探讨光合响应特征与车桑子生长的关系:研究结果显示:1)不同海拔土壤上,车桑子光合生理特性对氮磷添加具有不同的响应。在低海拔燥红土上,氮添加处理(+N和+NP)提高了车桑子净光合速率、叶绿素含量和PSII活性;中海拔紫色土上,+NP促进了车桑子光合速率和叶绿素含量的提高;高海拔黄棕壤上,+N处理降低了车桑子净光合速率和PSII活性,而磷添加处理(+P和+NP)提高了车桑子净光合速率。2)车桑子光合特性对养分添加的响应取决于土壤的养分限制类型,限制性养分添加可以提高车桑子的净光合速率。3)燥红土上+P以及黄棕壤上+N对PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的降低更大程度上归于可变荧光Fv的减少而不是最小荧光F0的增加,可减少养分限制对光系统II造成的伤害。4)三种土壤类型上车桑子的叶绿素含量和组成差异极显著,相比于燥红土和紫色土,黄棕壤上车桑子的叶绿素含量显著更高,而叶绿素a/b显著更低。综上,本研究结果表明,车桑子光合能力受到氮和磷的共同调节,不同土壤上光合生理特性的响应可增强植物对限制性养分的适应性,影响植物生长发育。

关键词：干热河谷车桑子氮磷光合作用叶绿素荧光

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