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Screening of Streptomyces strains helping arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis against pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)Phytophthora blight

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 438-446页

作者： Xin wang Yifan LIU Baiping HE Minghui LI xiangui lin Fuyong WU Junli HU State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Mycorrhiza helper bacteria(MHB)can promote the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,but their role and application potential in coping with soil-borne diseases are still unclear.A 14-week greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to obtain several actinomycete strains helping AM symbiosis in suppressing the Phytophthora blight of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.),using a soil inoculated with Phytophthora capsici after *** Streptomyces strains,including ***,***,***,***,and ***,as well as the AM fungus(Funneliformis caledonium)were *** Phytophthora blight severity reached 66%at full productive stage in the uninoculated control,and inoculation of ***,***,and *** alone significantly decreased(Psoil pH becoming the main factor affecting pepper Phytophthora ***,*** and *** seemed to have the value of preparation and application in the future to help AM symbiosis against pepper Phytophthora blight.

关键词： actinomycete strain blight severity Funneliformis caledonium mycorrhiza helper bacteria Phytophthora capsici root mycorrhizal colonization soil-bornedisease

Exchange Reaction Between Selenite and Hydroxyl Ion of Variable Charge soil Surfaces: I. Electrolyte Species and pH Effects

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 227-232页

作者： ZHOU shiWEI, ZHANG GANGYA and ZHANG XIAONIANinstitute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008 (China) institute of soil science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008

Hydroxyl release of red soil and latosol surfaces was quantitatively measuredusing a self-made constant pH automated titration instrument, to study the changes of hydroxylrelease with different added selenite amounts and pH levels, and to study the effects ofelectrolytes on hydroxyl release. Hydroxyl release increased with the selenite concentration, with arapid increase at a low selenite concentration while slowing down at a high concentration. The pHwhere maximum of hydroxyl release appeared was not constant, shifting to a lower valus withincreasing selenite concentration. Hydroxyl release decreased with increasing electrolyteconcentration, and the decrease was very rapid at a low electrolyte concentration but slow at a highelectrolyte concentration. For NaClO_4, NaCl and Na_2SO_4, hydroxyl release was in the order ofNaClO_4 > NaCl >> Na_2SO_4, and the difference was very significant. But for NaCl, KCl and CaCl_2,the order of hydroxyl release was NaCl > KCl > CaCl_2, and the difference was smaller. The amount ofhydroxyl release from Xuwen latosol was greater than that from Jinxian red soil. Hydroxyl releaseexisted in a wider range of pH with Xuwen latosol than with Jinxian red soil, due to theirdifference in soil properties. However, both soils had similar curves of hydroxyl release,indicating the common characteristics of variable charge soils.

关键词： hydroxyl release ion exchange reaction selenite adsorption variable chargesoils

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Effects of organic fertilizers produced using different techniques on rice grain yield and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 110-120页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew JWADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU xiangui lin Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologyand School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental science University of ReadingReading RG65DWUK Haina Research institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization from rice fields contributes to poor air quality and indicates low nitrogen use efficiency. Although organic fertilizers can meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth, the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on NH_(3) volatilization and rice yield in paddy fields are poorly understood and quantified. To address this gap in our knowledge, experimental field plots were established in a conventional double-cropping paddy field in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. Five fertilizer treatments were used besides the control with no fertilizer: fresh organic fertilizer, successively composted organic fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer, mixture of chemically composted organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer. Ammonia volatilization was measured using a batch-type airflow enclosure method. No significant differences in grain yield were observed among organic and chemical fertilizer treatments. However, compared with chemical fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer and successively composted organic fertilizer significantly decreased total NH_(3) volatilization by 70% and 68%, respectively. The ammonium-nitrogen concentration in field surface water correlated strongly(P < 0.01) and positively with NH_(3) volatilization across fertilization treatments. Our findings demonstrate that chemically composted organic fertilizer can sustain rice yield while reducing NH_(3) volatilization. An important future step is to promote these field measurements to similar rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional-and national-scale impact on air quality and nitrogen deposition in sensitive areas, and to design and implement better fertilizer management practices.

关键词： air quality crop production manure NH_(3)emission nitrogen use efficiency

Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew J.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU xiangui lin Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

Research on intelligent search-and-secure technology in accelerator hazardous areas based on machine vision

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 96-107页

作者： Ying-lin Ma Yao wang Hong-Mei shi Hui-Jie Zhang School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Prompt radiation emitted during accelerator operation poses a significant health risk,necessitating a thorough search and securing of hazardous areas prior to ***,manual sweep methods are ***,the limitations of manual sweeps have become increasingly evident with the implementation of large-scale *** leveraging advancements in machine vision technology,the automatic identification of stranded personnel in controlled areas through camera imagery presents a viable solution for efficient search and *** the criticality of personal safety for stranded individuals,search and security processes must be sufficiently *** ensure comprehensive coverage,180°camera groups were strategically positioned on both sides of the accelerator tunnel to eliminate blind spots within the monitoring *** YOLOV8 network model was modified to enable the detection of small targets,such as hands and feet,as well as larger targets formed by individuals near the ***,the system incorporates a pedestrian recognition model that detects human body parts,and an information fusion strategy is used to integrate the detected head,hands,and feet with the identified pedestrians as a cohesive *** strategy enhanced the capability of the model to identify pedestrians obstructed by equipment,resulting in a notable improvement in the recall ***,recall rates of 0.915 and 0.82were obtained for Datasets 1 and 2,*** there was a slight decrease in accuracy,it aligned with the intended purpose of the search-and-secure software *** tests conducted within an accelerator tunnel demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in achieving reliable recognition outcomes.

关键词： Search and secure Machine vision Camera Human body parts recognition Particle accelerator Hazardous area

Evaluation of N2-Fixing Capacities of Herbaceous and Shrub Legumes Under Field Condition

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Pedosphere 1998年第1期8卷 33-36页

作者： XING GUANGXI shi SHULIAN CAO YACHENG DU LIJUAN SUN GUOQING and ZHOU KEYU(institute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008 (China)) institute of soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Natural 15N abundance method was used in this study to investigate the N2-fixing capacities of several herbaceous and shrub legumes by a field experiment. For herbaceous legumes, the results were in consistent with those obtained by a pot experiment. Crotalaria mucronata Desv. had a higher N2-fixing capacity than Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi. For shrub legumes, N2-fixing capacity under field condition was slightly different from that in pot experiment. These results demonstrated that the natural 15N abundance method was applicable to evaluating N2-fixing capacities of herbaceous and shrub legumes, and that pot experiment was suitable for evaluating the N2-fixing capacities of not only herbaceous legumes but also shrub *** N2-fixing plants differed in response to phosphorus fertilization. Phosphorus fertilizer application greatly increased the percentage of nitrogen derived from air (% N dfa) and total amount of N2 fixed by Lespedeza formosa (Vog.) Koehne (Jiangxi). Phosphorus fertilizer showed no significant effect on the N2-fixing percentage of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. but increased its total biomass, thus increasing the total amount of N2 fixed.

关键词： herbaceous legumes natural 15N abundance method N2-fixing capacity shrub legumes

Modeling Nitrogen Mineralization in Paddy soils of Shanghai Region

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 331-336页

作者： LI Hui-lin, HAN Yong and CAI Zu-CongLaboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere, institute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, P. O. Box 821, nanjing 210008 (China). E-mail: lihuilin@*** Laboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere Institute of Soil Science the Chinese Academy of SciencesP. O. Box 821 Nanjing 210008 China

Six paddy soils of Shanghai, China, were studied after 120 days of anaerobicincubation at 25 deg C and 35 deg C. Four models, the effective accumulated temperature model, theone-component first-order exponential model (the one-pool model), the two-component first-orderexponential model (the two-pool model), and the two-component first-order plus zero-orderexponential model including a constant term (the special model), were fitted to the data of observedmineral-N during incubation using non-linear regression procedures. The two-pool model and thespecial model gave the best fits amongst the four models, and parameters in the special model weremore reasonable than those in the other three. Results showed that the special model gave a betterprediction of nitrogen mineralization under flooded conditions than the other three models.

关键词： anaerobic incubation nitrogen mineralization paddy soil simulation model

Evaluation of N2-Fixation Capacity of Leguminous Shrub Plants

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 159-163页

作者： shi SHULIAN DU LIJUAN, CAO YACHENG and SUN GUOQING(institute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, P.O. Box 821, nanjing 210008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

N2-fixation percentages in the aerial parts of the first and second cuttings of five species of leguminousshrub plants, i.e., Lespedeza formosa (Vog.) Koehne from Jiangxi, Lespedeza pllosa (Thunb.) Sieb et Zucc.,LesPedeza formosa (Vog.) Koehne from Zhejiang, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. and Indigofera pseudotinctoriaMats., of three genera were investigated in terms of pot culture experiment using natural 15N abundancemethod with Bischofia javanica B1., Camptotheca acuminata Decne. and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis asreference plants. Results showed that the N2-fixation percentages were different for the three genera ofleguminous shrubs but almost the same for three species in the same genus. I. pseudotinctoma Mats. hadthe highest N2-fixation percentage in its aerial part, and then followed by Lespedeza and C. cajan. TheN2-fixation percentages in the aerial parts of the plants that had grown for three years tended to be lowerthan those of the onesyear-old plants except L. formosa (Vog.) Koehne from Zhejiang and L. formosa (Vog.)Koehne from Jiangxi.

关键词： leguminous shrub natural 15N abundance method N2-fixation percentage

Degradation of soil Nutrients in Southeast China

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 165-170页

作者： LU RUKUN shi ZHENGYUAN and SUN Bo(institute of soil science, the chinese academy of sciences, P.o. Box 821, Naviing 210008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

A total of 2 190 soil nutrient data in the Second National soil Survey of China were collected to assess thedegradation of soil nutrients in the hilly region of Southeast China. The definition of soil nutrient degradationis suggested firstly then the evaluation criteria are set up and the current status of degradation of red soil and latosol is assessed. The percentages of areas in four grades of soil nutrient degradation, i.e., slightlydeficient, medium deficient, severely deficient and extremely deficient, were 21.3%, 43.3%, 16.2% and 3.0%for soil total N; 0.7%, 6.4%, 16.7% and 76.2% for soil available P; and 25.4%, 26.3%, 8.6% and 5.0% forsoil available K, respectively. The severity of soil nutrient degradation was in the order of P > N > K. Themajor factors leading to the degradation of soil nutrients in quantity include soil erosion, leaching and theconsumption by crops. And the principal faCtor affecting the degradation of soil nutrieots in availability isthe fixation of N, P and K, especially the fixation of phosphorus. The average amouat of P fixed by soils is408 mg kg-1, and upland soils can fix more P than paddy soils.

关键词： nutrient degradation red soil soil degradation