检索结果-南通市图书馆

Intake of tobacco nitrosamines of smokers in various provinces of China and their cancer risk:A meta-analysis

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 249-260页

作者： Xiao Li Zhiwei Ye Jun Wang pengfei lin Xiaojin Zhang Shuguang Xie Chao Chen Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhouJiangsu 215163China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese smokers.We searched the publications in English from“Web of Science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid information.The content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were summarized.The information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also collected.Then,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,respectively.The cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the TSNAs.In China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.

关键词： N-nitrosamine Tobacco Cancer risk Tobacco specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks:Climatology,Interannual Variability,and Extremes

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1299-1312页

作者： Ya WANG Gang HUANG Baoxiang PAN pengfei lin Niklas BOERS Weichen TAO Yutong CHEN BO LIU Haijie LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichOttobrunn 85521Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam 14412Germany Department of Mathematics and Global Systems Institute University of ExeterExeter EX44QEUK CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated impacts.However,these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future projections.Addressing these challenges requires addressing internal variability,hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations,and thwarting conventional supervised learning methods.Here,we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN),to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature(SST)simulations from the Community Earth System Model 2(CESM2).Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode,as well as SST extremes.Notably,it substantially corrects climatological SST biases,decreasing the globally averaged Root-Mean-Square Error(RMSE)by 58%.Intriguingly,the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies,a common issue in climate models that traditional methods,like quantile mapping,struggle to rectify.Additionally,it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes,raising the pattern correlation coefficient(PCC)from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to 0.32.This enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual,intraseasonal,and synoptic scales variabilities.Our study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.

关键词： generative adversarial networks model bias deep learning El Niño-Southern Oscillation marine heatwaves

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Evaluating CMIP6 models in simulating the North Pacific decadal variability in sea surface salinity

引用

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2661-2680页

作者： Jian CHEN Hailong LIU pengfei lin Wenrong BAI Chengzu BAI Lu WANG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering Beijing Municipal Climate Center Beijing Meteorological Bureau Space System Department Equipment Department

The North Pacific sea surface salinity(SSS) decadal variability(NPSDV) and its potential forcing were evaluated from 25 coupled models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) considering the prospects for decadal climate predictions. The results indicated that the CMIP6 models generally reproduced the spatial patterns of NPSDV. The large standard deviation of the SSS anomaly over the strong current regions, such as the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension(KOE), North Pacific Current(NPC), California Current System(CCS), and Alaskan Coastal Current(ACC), is reflected in the two leading modes of NPSDV: a dipole with out-of-phase loadings in the KOE-NPC versus CCS-ACC and a monopole with positive loading over the KOE-NPC. The order of modes is sensitive to individual models that exhibit discrepancies, especially in temporal phases and power spectra. An autoregressive model of order-1 was used to reconstruct the NPSDV with several forcing terms.The generally weaker influence of forcings in an autoregressive model of order-1 is partly related to the overestimated response time of NPSDV relative to forcings. Most NPSDV variances originate from the persistence of SSS anomalies, but the dominant forcing factors are diverse among models. The model diversity for the NPSDV simulation mainly arises from the influence of the tropical El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation through teleconnection on the North Pacific Oscillation or Aleutian Low with timescale dependence. Conversely, models that can reproduce the NPSDV well are not dependent on those with larger impacts from the North Pacific oceanic processes.

关键词： North Pacific Sea surface salinity Decadal variability CMIP6 Leading mode

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Hiatus and Accelerated Warming Decades in CMIP5 Simulations

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1316-1330页

作者： SONG Yi YU Yongqiang lin pengfei State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Observed hiatus or accelerated warming phenomena are compared with numerical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） archives,and the associated physical mechanisms are explored based on the CMIP5 models.Decadal trends in total ocean heat content （OHC） are strongly constrained by net top-of-atmosphere （TOA） radiation.During hiatus decades,most CMIP5 models exhibit a significant decrease in the SST and upper OHC and a significant increase of heat penetrating into the subsurface or deep ocean,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.The shallow meridional overturning of the Pacific subtropical cell experiences a significant strengthening （slowdown） for the hiatus （accelerated warming） decades associated with the strengthened （weakened） trade winds over the tropical Pacific.Both surface heating and ocean dynamics contribute to the decadal changes in SST over the Indian Ocean,and the Indonesian Throughflow has a close relationship with the changes of subsurface temperature in the Indian Ocean.The Atlantic Meridional Overturing Circulation （Antarctic Bottom Water） tends to weaken （strengthen） during hiatus decades,opposite to the accelerated warming decades.In short,the results highlight the important roles of air-sea interactions and ocean circulations for modulation of surface and subsurface temperature.

关键词： global warming decadal variability CMIP5 hiatus

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A quasi-global 1/10° eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model and its preliminary results

引用

Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第30期57卷 3908-3916页

作者： YU YongQiang LIU HaiLong lin pengfei State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute o/'Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this study,a quasi-global(excluding the Arctic Ocean) eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model(OGCM) is established based on the latest version of the LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model(LICOM2.0).The horizontal resolution and vertical resolution are increased to 1/10° and 55 layers,respectively.Forced by the surface fluxes from the reanalysis and observed data,the model has been integrated for approximately 20 model years(20 a).During the last 8 a,the model is driven by daily mean wind stresses from QuikSCAT and heat fluxes from reanalysis data from 2000 to 2007.The basic performance of the OGCM is analyzed using the last 8 a simulation output.Compared with the simulation of the coarse-resolution OGCM,the eddy-resolving OGCM not only better simulates the spatial-temporal features of mesoscale eddies and the paths and positions of western boundary currents but also reproduces the large meander of the Kuroshio Current and its interannual variability.Another aspect,namely,the complex structures of equatorial Pacific currents and currents in the coastal ocean of China,are better captured due to the increased horizontal and vertical resolution.

关键词：海洋环流模式涡流大洋环流模式垂直分辨率环流模型模拟输出水平分辨率再分析资料

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Meso-scale eddy in the South China Sea simulated by an eddy-resolving ocean model

引用

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第5期36卷 9-25页

作者： FENG Baoxin LIU Hailong lin pengfei WANG Qi College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mesoscale eddies （MEs） in the South China Sea （SCS） simulated by a quasi-global eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model are evaluated against satellite data during 1993-2007. The modeled ocean data show more activity than shown by the satellite data and reproduces more eddies in the SCS. A total of 345 （428） cyclonic eddies （CEs） and 330 （371） anti-cyclonic eddies （AEs） generated for satellite （model） data are identified during the study period, showing increase of -24% and -12% for the model data, respectively. Compared with eddies in satellite, the simulated eddies tend to have smaller radii, larger amplitudes, a slightly longer lifetime, faster movement and rotation speed, a slightly larger nonlinear properties （U/c） in the model. However, the spatial distribution of generated eddies appears to be inhomogeneous, with more CEs in the northern part of SCS and fewer AEs in the southern part. This is attributed to the exaggerated Kuroshio intrusion in the model because the small islands in the Luzon Strait are still not well resolved although the horizontal resolution reaches （1/10）°. The seasonal variability in the number and the amplitude of eddies generated is also investigated.

关键词： mesoscale eddy eddy-resoling ocean general circulation model South China Sea

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

基于就医活动推断的老年人公交就医可达性研究

引用

交通运输系统工程与信息 2024年第1期24卷 221-229页

作者：翁剑成张云飞林鹏飞李文杰北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室北京100124 北京工业大学信息学部北京100124

为准确评估老年人公交就医出行的实际可达性,本文基于老年卡数据构建公交出行链,提出基于公交出行链的老年人就医活动推断方法,获取老年人的实际就医出行需求和出行时间。引入公交实时到站数据以反映公交实际运营水平对就医可达性的影响... 详细信息

为准确评估老年人公交就医出行的实际可达性,本文基于老年卡数据构建公交出行链,提出基于公交出行链的老年人就医活动推断方法,获取老年人的实际就医出行需求和出行时间。引入公交实时到站数据以反映公交实际运营水平对就医可达性的影响,构建面向出行全过程的实际出行成本矩阵,包括等候时间、乘车时间、换乘时间。考虑不同医院服务供给能力差异构建综合服务能力指标,引入分级服务半径和高斯距离衰减函数,提出基于改进两步移动搜索法的老年人公交就医可达性计算方法。以北京市六环内区域为例进行实证分析,结果表明:老年人公交就医可达性整体呈现由中心向外围递减的趋势,在城市外围区域其分布也存在空间异质性,五环路外的东部和西部区域可达性较好,而北部、东北部区域的可达性相对较差;各区域高峰时段的平均可达性均明显低于平峰时段的平均可达性。本文可为提升老年人就医出行可达性和公交系统适老化水平提供支撑。

关键词：城市交通实际可达性两步移动搜索法老年乘客就医出行链

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Simulation of Salinity Variability and the Related Freshwater Flux Forcing in the Tropical Pacific: An Evaluation Using the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model(BNU-ESM)

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第11期32卷 1551-1564页

作者： ZHI Hai ZHANG Rong-Hua lin pengfei WANG Lanning The Earth System Modeling Center and College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

The climatology and interannual variability of sea surface salinity （SSS） and freshwater flux （FWF） in the equatorial Pacific are analyzed and evaluated using simulations from the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model （BNU-ESM）. The simulated annual climatology and interannual variations of SSS, FWF, mixed layer depth （MLD）, and buoyancy flux agree with those observed in the equatorial Pacific. The relationships among the interannual anomaly fields simulated by BNU-ESM are analyzed to illustrate the climate feedbacks induced by FWF in the tropical Pacific. The largest interannual variations of SSS and FWF are located in the western-central equatorial Pacific. A positive FWF feedback effect on sea surface temperature （SST） in the equatorial Pacific is identified. As a response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, the interannual variation of FWF induces ocean processes which, in turn, enhance ENSO. During El Nino, a positive FWF anomaly in the western-central Pacific （an indication of increased precipitation rates） acts to enhance a negative salinity anomaly and a negative surface ocean density anomaly, leading to stable stratification in the upper ocean. Hence, the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water into the mixed layer are reduced, and the associated E1 Nino is enhanced. Related to this positive feedback, the simulated FWF bias is clearly reflected in SSS and SST simulations, with a positive FWF perturbation into the ocean corresponding to a low SSS and a small surface ocean density in the western-central equatorial Pacific warm pool.

关键词： freshwater flux salinity feedback tropical Pacific BNU-ESM

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Quantitative Analysis of the Feedback Induced by the Freshwater Flux in the Tropical Pacific Using CMIP5

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第10期32卷 1341-1353页

Freshwater flux （FWF） directly affects sea surface salinity （SSS） and hence modulates sea surface temperature （SST） in the tropical Pacific. This paper quantifies a positive correlation between FWF and SST using observations and simulations of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） to analyze the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific. Comparisons among the displacements of FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities illustrate that a large FWF variability is located in the west-central equatorial Pacific, covarying with a large SSS variability, whereas a large SST variability is located in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Most CMIP5 models can reproduce the fact that FWF leads to positive feedback to SST through an SSS anomaly as observed. However, the difference in each model＇s performance results from different simulation capabilities of the CMIP5 models in the magnitudes and positions of the interannual variabilities, including the mixed layer depth and the buoyancy flux in the equatorial Pacific. SSS anomalies simulated from the CMIP5 multi-model are sensitive to FWF interannual anomalies, which can lead to differences in feedback to interannual SST variabilities. The relationships among the FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities can be derived using linear quantitative measures from observations and the CMIP5 multi-model simulations. A 1 mm d-1 FWF anomaly corresponds to an SSS anomaly of nearly 0.12 psu in the western tropical Pacific and a 0.11℃ SST anomaly in the eastern tropical Pacific.

关键词： feedback freshwater flux CMIP5 correlation

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

利用长短期记忆网络LSTM对赤道太平洋海表面温度短期预报

引用

大气科学 2024年第2期48卷 745-754页

作者：张桃林鹏飞刘海龙郑伟鹏王鹏飞徐天亮李逸文刘娟陈铖中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学与地球物理流体动力学数值模拟国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049 哈尔滨工业大学电子与信息工程学院哈尔滨150001 北京应用气象研究所北京100029 西北工业大学航海学院西安710072

海表面温度作为海洋中一个最重要的变量,对全球气候、海洋生态等有很大的影响,因此十分有必要对海表面温度(SST)进行预报。深度学习具备高效的数据处理能力,但目前利用深度学习对整个赤道太平洋的SST短期预报及预报技巧的研究仍较少。... 详细信息

海表面温度作为海洋中一个最重要的变量,对全球气候、海洋生态等有很大的影响,因此十分有必要对海表面温度(SST)进行预报。深度学习具备高效的数据处理能力,但目前利用深度学习对整个赤道太平洋的SST短期预报及预报技巧的研究仍较少。本文基于最优插值海表面温度(OISST)的日平均SST数据,利用长短期记忆(LSTM)网络构建了未来10天赤道太平洋(10°S~10°N,120°E~80°W)SST的逐日预报模型。LSTM预报模型利用1982~2010年的观测数据进行训练,2011~2020年的观测数据作为初值进行预报和检验评估。结果表明:赤道太平洋东部地区预报均方根误差(RMSE)大于中、西部,东部预报第1天RMSE为0.6℃左右,而中、西部均小于0.3℃。在不同的年际变化位相,预报RMSE在拉尼娜出现时期最大,正常年份次之,厄尔尼诺时期最小,RMSE在拉尼娜时期比在厄尔尼诺时期可达20%。预报偏差整体表现为东正、西负。相关预报技巧上,中部最好,可预报天数基本为10天以上,赤道冷舌附近可预报天数为4~7天,赤道西边部分地区可预报天数为3天。预报模型在赤道太平洋东部地区各月份预报技巧普遍低于西部地区,相比较而言各区域10、11月份预报技巧最低。总的来说,基于LSTM构建的SST预报模型能很好地捕捉到SST在时序上的演变特征,在不同案例中预报表现良好。同时该预报模型依靠数据驱动,能迅速且较好地预报未来10天以内的日平均SST的短期变化。

关键词：海表面温度 LSTM (long short-term memory) 短期预报赤道太平洋

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库博看期刊评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：