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Current Status and Main Application Achievements of Ocean Satellites

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 733-743页

作者： lin mingsen ZHANG Youguang National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081

Ocean satellites have realized multi-satellite networked *** HY-1D satellite launched in June 2020 realized networked with HY-1C satellite,and completed the construction of ocean color satellite *** HY-2D satellite launched in May 2021 is networked with the on orbit HY-2B and HY-2C satellites to complete the construction of marine dynamic environment satellite *** 1 mC-SAR satellite 01 launched in November 2021 is networked with GF-3,which initially forms the marine monitoring satellite *** year,the networking of 1 mC-SAR satellite 02 with satellite 01 and GF-3 is realized,and the construction of marine monitoring satellite constellation is *** present,the ocean satellites have the operational application capabilities of remote sensing investigation,monitoring,evaluation and supervision of marine ecology,marine disaster prevention and reduction,global oceans and Polar Regions,Sea Islands,rights and interests maintenance.

关键词： Ocean color satellite Ocean dynamic environment satellite Ocean monitoring satellite Satellite networking

Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 898-907页

作者： lin mingsen JIANG Xingwei National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081

In 2018,China successfully launched three new Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese,referred to as HY)satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C(operational),an ocean dynamics environment satellite HY-2B(operational)and the China-France ocean satellite CFOSAT(experimental).In 2019,all the three satellites had finished their commissioning phases and were declared ***-2A satellite continues to operate in-orbit,and its operational status is basically *** in 2020,China has 4 Haiyang satellites in-orbit,China’s ocean satellites enter into a new operational application *** operation of the ground application system of Chinese ocean satellites is *** 2019,Beijing,Hainan,Mudanjiang,and Hangzhou ocean satellite ground stations had received the data of HY-1C,HY-2A,HY-2B,and CFOSAT 5012 orbits and 26.46 TB data had been distributed to both domestic and international *** ocean satellite data has played an important role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation,development and management of marine resources,maintenance of marine rights and interests,marine environment protection,scientific researches,and blue economy development.

关键词： HY-1C HY-2B CFOSAT Ocean observation satellite Ocean remote sensing Satellite ocean applications

Calibration of HY-2A satellite significant wave heights with in situ observation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第3期35卷 79-83页

作者： PENG Hailong lin mingsen College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Nation Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application State Oceanic Administration

Significant wave height（SWH） can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications, especially for climate studies. HY-2a altimeter has been operational since April 2012 and its products are available to the scientific community. In this work, SWH data from HY-2A altimeters are calibrated against in situ buoy data from the National Data Buoy Center（NDBC）, Distinguished from previous calibration studies which generally regarded buoy data as ＂truth＂, the work of calibration for HY-2A altimeter wave data against in situ buoys was applied a more sophisticated statistical technique-the total least squares（TLS） method which can take into account errors in both variables. We present calibration results for HY-2A radar altimeter measurement of wave height against NDBC buoys. In addition, cross-calibration for HY-2A and Jason-2 wave data are talked over and the result is given.

关键词： total least squares NDBC buoys HY-2A altimeter significant wave height

Validation of Chinese HY-2 satellite radar altimeter significant wave height

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第5期34卷 60-67页

作者： YE Xiaomin lin mingsen XU Ying College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration National Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application State Oceanic Administration

Chinese Haiyang-2（HY-2） satellite is the first Chinese marine dynamic environment satellite. The dual-frequency （Ku and C band） radar altimeter onboard HY-2 has been working effective to provide operational significant wave height （SWH） for more than three years （October 1, 2011 to present）.We validated along-track Ku-band SWH data of HY-2 satellite against National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） in-situ measurements over a time period of three years from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014, the root mean square error （RMSE） and mean bias of HY-2 SWH is 0.38 m and （-0.13±0.35） m, respectively. We also did cross validation against Jason-2 altimeter SWH data, the RMSE and the mean bias is 0.36m and （-0.22±0.28） m, respectively. In order to compare the statistical results between HY-2 and Jason-2 satellite SWH data, we validated the Jason-2 satellite radar altimeter along-track Ku-band SWH data against NDBC measurements using the same method. The results demonstrate the validation method in this study is scientific and the RMSE and mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data is 0.26 m and （0.00±0.26） m, respectively. We also validated both HY-2 and Jason-2 SWH data every month, the mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data almost equaled to zero all the time, while the mean bias of HY-2 SWH data was no less than -0.31m before April 2013 and dropped to zero after that time. These results indicate that the statistical results for HY-2 altimeter SWH are reliable and HY-2 altimeter along-track SWH data were steady and of high quality in the last three years. The results also indicate that HY-2 SWH data have greatly been improved and have the same accuracy with Jason-2 SWH data after April, 2013. SWH data provided by HY-2 satellite radar altimeter are useful and acceptable for ocean operational applications.

关键词： significant wave height validation Chinese HY-2 satellite radar altimeter

The first quantitative joint observation of typhoon by Chinese GF-3 SAR and HY-2A microwave scatterometer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第11期36卷 1-3页

作者： lin mingsen YE Xiaomin YUAN Xinzhe National Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The typhoon, as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall, is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia. It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave, visible or infrared bands （Liu et al., 2014）. Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） is a kind of active imaging radar, which can detect the targets with high resolution at one-meter level. SARs can be used to extract the sea surface wind and the eyes of typhoons or hurricanes （Friedman and Li, 2000; Zhang and Perrie, 2012; Li, 2015; Jin et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014）. As a pioneer project of Haiyang-3 （HY-3）, the Chinese C-band SAR satellite of Gaofen-3 （GF-3） was launched in August 2016 under China High-resolution Earth Observation System （CEOS）. GF-3 carries a multi-polarized C-band SAR with a highest spatial resolution of one meter, the most imaging modes in the word of twelve and a long designed lifespan of 8 years. Haiyang-2A （HY-2A）, which was launched in August 2011, is the first Chinese marine dynamic environment satellite with a main payload of Ku-band microwave scatterometer （Jiang et al., 2012; Ye et al., 2015）. One of the objectives of HY-2A scatterometer （HY-2A SCAT） is monitoring sea surface wind field of global ocean.

关键词： SAR The first quantitative joint observation of typhoon by Chinese GF-3 SAR and HY-2A microwave scatterometer GF HY

Neural network wind retrieval from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第3期25卷 35-39页

作者： lin mingsen SONG Xingai JIANG Xingwei National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081 China College of Physical and Environment Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

A neural network methodology is presented to retrieve wind vectors from ERS - 1/2 scatterometer data. The wind directional ambiguities are eliminated by a circular median filter algorithm. All data come from ERS - 1/2 scatterometer data collocated pairs with CMCD4 vector. Comparing the results with CMCD4 and ECMWF wind vector,they agree well, which indicates that it is possible to extract wind vector from the ERS-1/2 scatterometer with the neural network method.

关键词： BP- NN scatterometer wind fields retrieval disambiguate

Estimating the Baseline Error of Wide-Swath Altimeters Using Nadir Altimeters via Numerical Simulation

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 681-693页

作者： MIAO Xiangying JIA Yongjun lin mingsen MIAO Hongli College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China National Satellite Ocean Application Service(NSOAS) Beijing100081China

The baseline roll and length errors for wide-swath altimeters are major error sources in sea surface measurements that exhibit strong spatial characteristics in the cross-track *** errors can be identified and estimated in accordance with height differences at crossover points generated with nadir altimeters after excluding the interference from other error *** of the wide-swath altimeter baseline estimation methods considered only the roll error in previous studies.A numerical simulation was conducted in this study using nadir altimeters to estimate the roll and length errors simultaneously to provide a selectable scheme for baseline error estimation and correction for future wide-swath *** based on the parameters of the surface water and ocean topography mission and Sentinel-3A show that the correlation coefficient of the roll error between the estimated and simulated values is 0.89,while the correlation coefficient of the length error is *** sea surface height root mean square error(RMSE)can be reduced from 12.18 cm to 6.45 cm based on the two estimated *** estimation effect can be increased by using multiple nadir altimeters to form an observation *** numerical simulation of the five nadir altimeter constellation shows that the correlation coefficients of the roll and length errors would increase to 0.97,which reduces the sea surface height RMSE to 2.88 *** addition,the stability of this method is indicated in simulation experiments,which introduce different degrees of sea state errors.

关键词： baseline error wide-swath altimeter roll angle baseline length nadir altimeter crossover point height difference

Wind speed inversion and in-orbit assessment of the imaging altimeter on Tiangong-2 space station

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第12期39卷 114-120页

作者： Youguang Zhang Qingliu Bao mingsen lin Shuyan Lang Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application National Satellite Ocean Application ServiceBeijing 100081China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Beijing Piesat Information Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100195China

Imaging altimeter(IALT)is a new type of radar altimeter *** contrast to the conventional nadir-looking altimeters,such as HY-2 A altimeter,Jason-1/2,and TOPEX/Poseidon,IALT observes the earth surface at low incident angles(2.5°–8°),so its swath is much wider and its spatial resolution is much higher than the previous *** paper presents a wind speed inversion method for the recently launched IALT onboard Tiangong-2 space *** the current calibration results of IALT do not agree well with the well-known wind geophysical model function at low incidence angles,a neural network is used to retrieve the ocean surface wind speed in this *** wind speed inversion accuracy is evaluated by comparing with the ECMWF reanalysis wind speed,buoy wind speed,and in-situ ship *** results show that the retrieved wind speed bias is about–0.21 m/s,and the root-mean-square(RMS)error is about 1.85 m/*** wind speed accuracy of IALT meets the performance requirement.

关键词： imaging altimeter ocean surface wind speed inversion accuracy analysis in-orbit assessment

An ocean current inversion accuracy analysis based on a Doppler spectrum model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第9期36卷 101-107页

作者： BAO Qingliu ZHANG Youguang lin mingsen GONG Peng Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application National Satellite Ocean Application ServiceState Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University

Microwave remote sensing is one of the most useful methods for observing the ocean parameters. The Doppler frequency or interferometric phase of the radar echoes can be used for an ocean surface current speed retrieval,which is widely used in spaceborne and airborne radars. While the effect of the ocean currents and waves is interactional. It is impossible to retrieve the ocean surface current speed from Doppler frequency shift directly. In order to study the relationship between the ocean surface current speed and the Doppler frequency shift, a numerical ocean surface Doppler spectrum model is established and validated with a reference. The input parameters of ocean Doppler spectrum include an ocean wave elevation model, a directional distribution function, and wind speed and direction. The suitable ocean wave elevation spectrum and the directional distribution function are selected by comparing the ocean Doppler spectrum in C band with an empirical geophysical model function（CDOP）. What is more, the error sensitivities of ocean surface current speed to the wind speed and direction are analyzed. All these simulations are in Ku band. The simulation results show that the ocean surface current speed error is sensitive to the wind speed and direction errors. With VV polarization, the ocean surface current speed error is about 0.15 m/s when the wind speed error is 2 m/s, and the ocean surface current speed error is smaller than 0.3 m/s when the wind direction error is within 20° in the cross wind direction.

关键词： Doppler spectrum model ocean surface current speed parameter sensitivity analysis measurement error