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Interactions of Cations with Electrodialyzed Clay Fraction of Soils as Inferred from Wien Effect in Soil Suspensions

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 59-66页

作者： lichengbao S.P.FRIEDMAN 等 InstituteofSoilSciences theChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008China InstituteofSoil WaterandEnvioronmentalSciencesAgriculturalResearchorganizationTehVOlcanicenterBe

The electrical conductivities (ECs) of suspensions containing 25 and 30 gkg^(-1) solids prepared from the electrodialyzed clay fraction ( Zn^(2+) > Mg^(2+) = Ca^(2+) > Na^+ for latosol, Ca^(2+) > Zn^(2+) >Mg^(2+) = K^... 详细信息

关键词： bonding strength cation increment of electrical conductivity soilsuspension wien effect

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Capacities of Clay Fraction of a Latosol to Retain Cations and Anions as Inferred from the Wien Effect in Soil Suspensions

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Pedosphere 2003年第2期13卷 165-172页

作者： lichengbao S.P.FRIEDMAN ZHAOANZHEN InstituteofSoilScience theChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008(China) InstituteofSoil WaterandEnvironmentalSciencesAgriculturalResearchOrganizationTheVolcaniCenterBetDagan50250(Israel)

Suspensions of a latosol with a clay concentration of 30 g kg^(-1) wereprepared from electrodialyzed clay fractions, less than 2 μm in diameter, five nitrate solutionswith a concentration of 1 X 10^(04)/z mol L^(-1), where z is the valence, and five sodium saltsolutions with a concentration of 3.3 X 10^(-5)/2 mol L^(-1). The direct current (DC) electricalconductivities (ECs) of the colloidal suspensions were measured at a constant temperature of 25 ℃,using a newly established method of measuring the Wien effect in soil suspensions at field strengthsranging from 13.5 to 150 kV cm^(-1), to determine their electrical conductivity-field strengthrelationships and to infer the order of the bonding strength (retaining force) between soilparticles and various ions. The measurements with the latosol suspensions in NaNO_3, KNO_3,Ca(NO_3)_2, Mg(NO_3)_2 and Zn(NO_3)_2 solutions resulted in increments of the suspension ECs, ΔECs,of 7.9, 5.0, 7.1, 7.0 and 5.8 μS cm^(-1), respectively, when the applied field strength increasedfrom 14.5 to 142 kV cm^(-1). As for the suspensions in NaNO_3, NaCl, Na_2SO_4, Na_3PO_4 andNa_3AsO_4 solutions, the ΔECs were 6.2, 5.3, 4.1, 4.0 and 3.7μS cm^(-1), respectively, when theapplied field strength increased from 13.5 to 90 kV cm^(-1). Thus, it can be deduced that theretaining forces of the clay fraction of the latosol for the cations were in the descending orderK^+ > Zn^(2+) > Mg^(2+) ≥ Ca^(2+) > Na^+, and for the anions in the descending order H_2AsO_4^- >H_2PO_4^-≥ SO_4^(2-) > Cl^- > NO_3~ -.

关键词： bonding strength capacity of retaining ions electrical conductivity latosol wien effect in suspensions

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Wien Effect in Suspensions of Electrodialyzed Soil Particles and Its Influencing Factors

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Pedosphere 2002年第3期12卷 235-242页

作者： lichengbao S.P.FRIEDMAN 等 InstituteofSoilScience theChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008（China） InstituteofSoil WaterandEnvironmentalSciencesAgriculturalResearchOrganizationtheVolcaniCenterBe

The electrical conductivity of suspensions and their supernatants from theelectrodialyzed clay fractions of latosol, yellow-brown soil and black soil equilibrated withnitrate solutions were determined at different field strengths using a short high-voltage pulseapparatus to demonstrate the Wien effect in soil suspensions and to investigate factors affectingit. It was found that Wien effect was much stronger in suspensions with a clay content of 30 gkg^(-1) from the soils equilibrated with a 1 X 10^(-4) KNO_3 solution than in their *** threshold field strength (TFS), at which the relative conductivity is equal to 1.05, i.e., theWien effect begins to be obvious, of the yellow-brown soil suspensions (clay content of 30 gkg^(-1)) equilibrated with different nitrate solutions of a concentration of 1 X 10^(-4)/z molL^(-1), where z is the valence, varied with the type of nitrates, being lowest for NaNO_3 (47 kVcm^(-1)) and highest for Ca(NO_3)_2 (98 kV cm^(-1)). At high field strengths (larger than 130 kVcm^(-1)), the relative conductivities of yellow-brown soil suspensions containing different nitratesdiminished in the order: NaNO_3 > KNO_3 > Mg(NO_3)_2 > Zn(NO_3)_2 > Ca(NO_3)_2. The rates andintensities of the Wien effect in the suspensions of the three soils equilibrated with 5 X 10^(-5)mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution were in the order of the yellow-brown soil > the latosol > the blacksoil. The results for the yellow-brown soil suspensions (clay concentration of 30 g kg )equilibrated with KNO_3 solutions of various concentrations clearly demonstrated that the moredilute the solution, the lower the TFS, and the larger the relative conductivity of the suspensionsat high field strengths. The results for yellow-brown soil suspensions with different clayconcentrations indicated that as the clay concentration increased, the low field electricalconductivity, EC_0, also increased, but the TFS decreased, and the Wien effect increased.

关键词： electrical conductivity high field strength soil suspension wien effect

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