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Effect of polyamine on seed germination of wheat under drought stress is related to changes in hormones and carbohydrates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2759-2774页

作者： LIU Yang XU Hong WEN Xiao-xia liao yun-cheng College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University

Drought is a multifaceted stress condition that inhibits crop growth. Seed germination is one of the critical and sensitive stages of plants, and its process is inhibited or even entirely prevented by drought. Polyamines （PAs） are closely associ- ated with plant resistance to drought stress and seed germination. However, little is known about the effect of PA on the seed germination of wheat under drought stress. This study investigated the involvement of PAs in regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress. Six wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance were used, and endogenous PA levels were measured during seed germination under different water treatments. In addition, external PAwas used for seed soaking and the variation of hormones, total soluble sugar and starch were measured during the seed germination under different water treatments. These results indicated that the free spermidine （Spd） accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period favored wheat seed germination under drought stress; however, the free putrescine （Put） accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period may work against wheat seed germination under drought stress. In addition, seed soaking in Spd and spermine （Spm） significantly relieved the inhibition of seed germination by drought stress; howev- er, soaking seeds in Put had no significant effect on seed germination under drought. External Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, zeatin （Z）＋zeatin riboside （ZR）, abscisic acid （ABA）, and gibberellins （GA） contents in seeds and accelerated the seed starch degradation and increased the concentration of soluble sugars in seeds during seed germination. This may promote wheat seed germination under drought stress. In conclusion, free Spd and Put are key factors for regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress and the effects of Spd and Put on seed germination under drought notably related to hormones and starch metab

关键词： polyamine drought seed germination wheat abscisic acid starch

Effects of Water-Collecting and -Retaining Techniques on Photosynthetic Rates, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Millet Grown in a Semiarid Region

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第7期11卷 1119-1128页

作者： WEN Xiao-xia ZHANG De-qi liao yun-cheng JIA Zhi-kuan JI Shu-qin College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 P.R.China Wheat Research Centre Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China

Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching （plastic film on sowing, as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing） and chemicals （a drought resistant agent and a water- retaining agent） on growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, and water use efficiency （WUE） of spring millet （Setaria italica L.）. The experimental results showed that water-collecting and -retaining techniques can effectively increase soil moisture content, the leaf photosynthetic rate and crop growth. Due to increased soil moisture under the plastic-covered ridge and furrow water-collecting in July and August, dry matter and plant height had a increase at the booting stage （late growth advantage）. However, the plastic-covered flat soil and hole sowing reduced soil evaporation during early growth, the increase of dry matter and plant height appeared at the seedling stage （early growth advantage）. Plastic-covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents had significant positive effects on water collection and soil moisture retention. Improvement of soil moisture resulted into the increase of the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation yield and WUE. The water-collecting and -retaining techniques can improve WUE and enhance crop yield. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the photosynthetic rate under the water-collecting and -retaining techniques was significantly associated with the soil moisture, but had no significant relationship with leaf chlorophyll content. Plastic- covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents increased the yield and WUE by 114% and 8.16 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, compared with the control; while without the chemical reagents the yield and WUE were 95% and 7.42 kg ha-1 mm-1 higher, respectively, than those of the control.

关键词： water use efficiency Loess Plateau of China plastic film mulch drought-resistant agent water-retaining agent

Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea with appropriate nitrogen application rate to reduce wheat stem lodging risk and increase grain yield and yield stability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第10期22卷 3006-3021页

作者： ZHANG Guang-xin ZHAO De-hao FAN Heng-zhi LIU Shi-ju liao yun-cheng HAN Juan College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031P.R.China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

A mixture of controlled-release urea and normal urea(CRUNU)is an efficient nitrogen(N)fertilizer type,but little is known about its effects on stem lodging resistance,grain yield,and yield stability of *** this study,a 4-year field experiment(from 2017 to 2021)was conducted to analyze the effects of N fertilizer types(CRUNU and normal urea(NU))and application rates(low level(L),135 kg ha^(–1);medium level(M),180 kg ha^(–1);high level(H),225 kg ha^(–1))on population lodging resistance,basal internode strength,lignin content and synthetase activity,stem lodging resistance,grain yield,and yield stability of *** results showed that the two N fertilizer types had the highest lodging rate under high N application rates,and the M-CRUNU treatment showed the lowest lodging *** with NU,CRUNU improved the wheat population lodging resistance under the three N application rates,mainly related to improving wheat population characteristics and breaking the strength of the second basal *** analysis showed that the breaking strength of the second basal internode was related to the physical characteristics,chemical components,and micro-structure of the *** with NU,CRUNU significantly increased wheat grain yield by 4.47,14.62,and 3.12%under low,medium,and high N application rates,*** addition,CRUNU showed no significant difference in grain yield under medium and high N application rates,but it presented the highest yield stability under the medium N application *** summary,CRUNU,combined with the medium N application rate,is an efficient agronomic management strategy for wheat production.

关键词： controlled-release urea lodging grain yield yield stability wheat

The Effect of Plastic-Covered Ridge and Furrow Planting on the Grain Filling and Hormonal Changes of Winter Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第10期12卷 1771-1782页

作者： LIU Yang HAN Juan WEN Xiao-xia WU Wei GUO Qiang ZENG Ai liao yun-cheng College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University

Although plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting（RF） has been reported to produce substantial increases in the grain weight of winter wheat,the underlying mechanism is not yet *** present study used two cultivars,Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18,and RF and traditional flatten planting（TF,control） with the objective of investigating the effect of RF on wheat grain filling and the possible relationship of hormonal changes in the wheat grains under RF to grain *** results indicated that RF significantly increased the grain weight,although the effects on grain filling were different： RF significantly increased the grain-filling rate and grain weight of inferior grains,whereas RF had no significant effect on grainfilling rate and grain weight of superior *** final grain weight of inferior grains under RF was 39.1 and 50.7 mg for Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18,respectively,3.6 and 3.4 mg higher than the values under ***,the final grain weight of superior grains under RF was only 0.6 and 0.8 mg higher than under TF for Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18,*** significantly decreased the ethylene and gibberellic acid content in the inferior grains and increased the indole-3-acetic acid,abscisic acid and zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside content in the inferior grains;however,no significant difference between RF and TF was observed for the hormonal content in the superior *** on these results,we concluded that RF significantly modulated hormonal changes in the inferior grains and,thus,affected the grain filling and grain weight of the inferior grains;in contrast,RF had no significant effect on grain filling,grain weight and hormonal changes in the superior wheat grains.

关键词： plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting wheat grain filling hormone

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching of Millet on Soil Moisture and Temperature in Semi-Arid Areas in South Ningxia of China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第11期4卷 865-871页

作者： liao yun-cheng ZHANG De-qi JIA Zhi-kuan ZHANG Li LU Yang-ming College of Agronomy Northwest A＆F University Yangling 712100 P.R. China

The effects of film mulching of millet on soil water content were studied in semi-arid areas in the Loess Plateau of South Ningxia, China. Different mulching methods including water micro-collecting farming （WF）, water micro-collecting farming in winter fallow （WW）, hole seeding on film （HF）, hole seeding on film in winter fallow （HW） were compared to determine the effects of mulching methods on soil water collecting and conservation during millet growth periods of 2003-2004, as well as the variation tendency of water content after rainfall, output of millet and water use efficiency （WUE）. The experimental results in the two successive years indicated that water micro-collecting farming had a better function of collecting water after rainfall, and side infiltrated water was stored under the ridges and the top layer 0-40 cm soil water changes were great. WF had obvious role in water collection and preservation of soil moisture. It effectively improved the water supply capacity by about 19.05% in the end of growth seasons. The storage of HW and WW increased by 24.9 and 7.1 mm compared with CK, and output of yield were obviously increased. Film mulching increased the yield of millet and enhanced water use efficiency （WUE）. During different growth periods, WF exhibited better water storage function with lower water consumption, and demonstrated optimal social and ecological benefits.

关键词： Millet Dynamic change of soil moisture Film mulching Water micro-collecting farming

不同耕作措施对旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸及根呼吸的影响

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环境科学 2015年第6期36卷 2266-2273页

作者：禄兴丽廖允成西北农林科技大学农学院杨凌712100

为了探明不同耕作措施对旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸及根呼吸的影响,采用定位试验,对比研究了深松耕(ST)、免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(CT)这4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率的动态变化特征;并利用根去除法研究了根呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献.结果表明,夏... 详细信息

为了探明不同耕作措施对旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸及根呼吸的影响,采用定位试验,对比研究了深松耕(ST)、免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(CT)这4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率的动态变化特征;并利用根去除法研究了根呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献.结果表明,夏玉米生长季,4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率随生育期均呈单峰型变化趋势,在抽雄期达到最大,各生育期土壤呼吸速率大小顺序依次表现为:抽雄期>开花期>灌浆期>成熟期>拔节期>苗期.不同耕作措施对平均土壤呼吸速率的影响表现为CT>ST>RT>NT;土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关系数达到显著性水平(P<0.05),不同耕作措施下5 cm地温可以解释土壤呼吸速率变异的35%~75%.而土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数却未达到显著性水平.夏玉米生长季中,不同耕作措施下根呼吸作用占土壤呼吸作用的比例在45.13%~56.86%之间波动,均值为51.72%.因此,利用根去除法可以用来了解作物生长对土壤碳排放的贡献及比较不同耕作措施对根系呼吸贡献的影响,从而为筛选出减缓农田土壤有机碳分解的耕作措施提供依据.

关键词：土壤呼吸根呼吸耕作方式夏玉米田土壤水热状况

毛乌素沙地县域典型农、牧户单元生态经济系统能值分析

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生态学报 2009年第9期29卷 4902-4910页

作者：胡兵辉廖允成西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农学院

农、牧户单元生态经济系统作为最基层的生产单位,关系着国家大政方针政策的落实和实施。运用能值理论及其分析方法,选择毛乌素沙地偏牧区的内蒙古自治区乌审旗苏力德苏木典型牧户生态经济系统和偏农区的陕西省榆阳区牛家梁镇典型农户生... 详细信息

农、牧户单元生态经济系统作为最基层的生产单位,关系着国家大政方针政策的落实和实施。运用能值理论及其分析方法,选择毛乌素沙地偏牧区的内蒙古自治区乌审旗苏力德苏木典型牧户生态经济系统和偏农区的陕西省榆阳区牛家梁镇典型农户生态经济系统作为研究对象,对两种不同产业偏重区产业模式的能值投入、产出结构状况进行对比分析,结合净能值产出率、能值投资率、环境负荷力、能值功率密度、单位面积生产力、人均能值用量、人均能值占有量、系统生产优势度、系统稳定性指数和系统可持续性指数共10项能值分析综合指标体系,全面系统地对农、牧户单元生态经济系统进行比较研究,定量描述典型农、牧户单元生态经济系统格局及其发展的总体特征。旨在为毛乌素沙地偏牧区和偏农区农、牧户经营层面的产业模式优化及发展提供策略选择。

关键词：能值分析农、牧户单元生态经济系统毛乌素沙地不同产业偏重区

Study on Water-Preserving Effects of Mulching for Dryland Winter Wheat in Loess Tableland

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第4期2卷 418-423页

作者： liao yun-cheng, WEN Xiao-xia, HAN Si-ming and JIA Zhi-kuanCollege of Agronomy, Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, P. R. China College of Agronomy Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 P. R. China

Focused on the rainfall characteristics and the reality of agricultural production in the loess tableland , and based on previous results, new patterns for dryland winter wheat production, in which the emphasis was put on the film mulch with obvious water-preserving advantage, were designed to make effective use of rainfall. The results showed that the technique of the double mulch of film plus straw in summer fallow period can collect the rainfall in this period to the utmost extent and over 73.2% of it can be stored in the soil, which is 108. 4 mm more than that of conventional tillage. Furthermore, it can not only preserve water stored in soil in summer fallow, but also collect the rainfall in the growth period as much as possible by using the technique of making ridges plus film mulching and furrow sowing. So the patterns, which can greatly increase both the soil moisture and wheat yield, are the best choice for making full utilization of the rainfall and achieving a high and stable yield in the dryland wheat production of the loess tableland.

关键词： Dryland wheat Water use efficiency (WUE) Mulching Loess tableland

陕西省村域经济发展的特征和制约因素及政策建议

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农业现代化研究 2011年第3期32卷 311-314页

作者：李阳夏显力廖允成西北农林科技大学经济管理学院陕西杨凌712100 西北农林科技大学农学院陕西杨凌712100

本文在对陕西省村域经济发展现状与特征分析的基础上,运用灰色关联度模型对影响陕西省村域经济发展的因素及其影响程度进行了分析。研究结果表明:由于地域环境条件的差异,影响村域经济发展的因素也各不相同。但就陕西而言,城乡居民贷款... 详细信息

本文在对陕西省村域经济发展现状与特征分析的基础上,运用灰色关联度模型对影响陕西省村域经济发展的因素及其影响程度进行了分析。研究结果表明:由于地域环境条件的差异,影响村域经济发展的因素也各不相同。但就陕西而言,城乡居民贷款余额、城镇化率、农业总产值是影响陕西省村域经济发展的关键因素,而农业机械化程度、本地电话用户、农村普通中学在校生人数、乡村从业人员数4个因素,对陕西省村域经济发展的影响在区域上呈现明显差异;农村基本建设投资完成额对陕西村域经济发展影响最不显著。从农村金融制度、县域城镇化发展、农业机械化、农业科技、人力资源、农村基本建设投资,提出了促进陕西省村域经济发展的具体策略。

关键词：村域经济灰色关联制约因素解决路径