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Biogenic isoprene emissions over China:sensitivity to the CO2 inhibition effect

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第4期9卷 277-284页

作者： FU Yu liao hong Climate Change Research Center(CCRC) Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina

Isoprene emissions emitted from vegetation are one of the most important precursors for tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. The authors estimate the biogenic isoprene emissions in China over 2006-2011 using a global chemical transport model （GEOS- Chem） driven by meteorological fields from the assimilated meteorological data from MERRA. The authors incorporate three different parameterizations of isoprene-CO2 interaction into the model, and perform three sensitivity simulations to investigate the effect of CO2 inhibition on isoprene emissions for the period 2006-2011 in China. The annual isoprene emissions rate across China is simulated to be 12.62 Tg C yr-1, averaged over 2006-2011, and decreases by about 2.7%-7.4% when the CO2 inhibition schemes are included. The CO2 inhibition effect might be significant in regions where the CO2 concentration and isoprene emissions are high. Estimates of isoprene emissions can differ depending on the scheme of CO2 inhibition. According to the results obtained from the sensitivity simulations, the authors find that the CO2 inhibition effect leads to 5.6% ±2.3% reductions in annual isoprene emissions over China. The authors also find that inclusion of CO2 inhibition can substantially alter the sensitivity of isoprene emissions to the changes in meteorological conditions during the study period.

关键词： Isoprene emissions C02 inhibition GEOS-Chemmodel

Projected Changes in NO_x Emissions from Lightning as a Result of 2000–2050 Climate Change

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第5期6卷 284-289页

作者： JIANG Hui liao hong State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lightning is one of the most important natural sources of atmospheric *** authors investigate the2000–2050 changes in NOx emissions from lightning using the global three-dimensional Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model(GEOS-Chem)driven by meteorological fields from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies(GISS)general circulation model(GCM)*** changes in climate over 2000–2050are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)A1B *** global NOx emission from lightning is simulated to be 4.8 Tg N in present day and to increase by about 16.7%over 2000–2050 as a result of the future climate *** largest present-day emissions and climate-induced changes are found in the upper troposphere in the *** in eastern China(20–55 N,98–125 E),NOx emissions from lighting is simulated to be 0.3 Tg N(6.3%of the global total emission)in present day and to increase by 26.7%over2000–*** simulated changes in NOx from lightening correspond well with the projected future changes in convective precipitation.

关键词： NOx lightning climate change

Aerosol absorption optical depth of fine-mode mineral dust in eastern China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第1期9卷 7-14页

作者： ZHANG Tian-Hang liao hong State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics ChineseAcademy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The fine-mode aerosol absorption optical depth（AAOD）retrieved from the Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET）has been used in previous studies to calculate the radiative forcing of black carbon（BC）aerosol,assuming that the absorption by fine-mode aerosols（diameter ≤ 1 μm）is primarily from BC while the absorption by larger particles（diameter 1 μm）is principally from *** the present study,the Community Earth System Model was used to simulate and quantify the contribution of fine-mode dust to fine-mode AAOD in eastern China（29–41°N,104–122°E）—an area where concentrations of BC are *** simulated fine-mode dust concentrations were constrained by observations from nine sites belonging to the Chinese Meteorological Administration Atmosphere Watch *** over eastern China,the simulated annual mean fine-mode dust AAOD was 3.6 × 10-3,with the maximum AAOD in spring and the minimum value in *** contribution of fine-mode dust to the total fine-mode AAOD（sum of fine-mode dust,BC,and organic carbon）in winter,spring,summer,and autumn was 3.4%,25.2%,12.5%,and 14.9%,respectively,with an annual mean value of 15.1%.The results indicate the importance of removing fine dust AAOD when the AERONET fine-mode AAOD is used for calculating the radiative forcing of BC in eastern China.

关键词： Fine-mode mineral dust AAod eastern china

Assessment of aerosol effective radiative forcing and surface air temperature response over eastern China in CMIP5 models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第3期10卷 228-234页

作者： LIU Rui-Jin liao hong State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China

The effective radiative forcing （ERF） and associated surface air temperature change over eastern China are estimated using multi-model results from CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5）. The model results show that, relative to 1850, the multi-model and annual mean aerosol ERF for the year 2005 is -4.14 W m^-2 at the top of the atmosphere over eastern China （20°-45°N, 105°-122.5°E）. As a result of this ERF, the multi-model and annual mean surface air temperature change in eastern China during 1850-2005 is -1.05℃, leading to a climate sensitivity of 0.24℃/ （Wm^-2） in this region.

关键词： CMIPS aerosol effective radiative forcing surface air temperature change East Asia

Smoother and Bayesian filter based semi-codeless tracking of dual-frequency GPS signals

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Science in China(Series F) 2006年第4期49卷 533-544页

作者： liao Bingyu YUAN hong LIN Baojun Academy of Opto-Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

To precisely determine the integrated orbit of the Chinese manned spacecraft mission, a smoother and Bayesian filter based technique for optimum semi-codeless tracking of the P（Y） code on dual-frequency GPS signals has been advanced. This signal processing technique has been proven effective and robust for affording access to dual-frequency GPS signals. This paper introduces the signal dynamics and measurement models, describes the W o D bit estimation method, and corrects the mistakes of direct estimation of W bit in current semi-codeless tracking. Median filter is chosen as a smoother to find the best measurements at the current time among the history and current information. The Bayesian filter is used to track the L2 P（Y） code phase and L2 carrier phase recursively.

关键词： GPS P(Y) code W code A/S technology adapted median filter Bayesian filter.

Ideal root architecture for phosphorus acquisition of plants under water and phos-phorus coupled stresses: From simulation to application

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第16期46卷 1346-1351,1409页

作者： liao hong GE Zhenyang YAN Xiaolong Root Biology Center South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China College of Modern Agricultural Engineering and Technology Kunming University of TechnologyKunming 650224China

Under water and phosphorus (P) coupled stresses, root architecture may be related to P acquisition efficiency of plants. Understanding the relationship between root architecture and P acquisition efficiency may provide basic information for improving P acquisition efficiency of plants. In the present study, we quantitatively described the effects of root architecture on P acquisition efficiency by computer simulation together with controlled biological experiments so as to determine an ideal root architecture for efficient P acquisition under water and P coupled stresses. Our results indicate that under given soil water conditions, the ideal root architecture for P acquisition efficiency of a tap root plant (as represented by common bean) is an 搖mbrella-shape?root system whose basal roots tend to be shallow in the P-rich topsoil and tap roots tend to be deep for water in the subsoil. Meanwhile, the ideal root architecture for a fibrous root plant (as represented by upland rice) is a beard-shape?root system with the moderately dispersed yet uniformly distributed adventitious and lateral roots so as to keep most roots in the topsoil for P and a few roots in the subsoil for water.

关键词： water and phosphorus coupled stresses ideal root architecture tap root system fibrous root system computer simulation biological verification.

Liquid droplet movement on horizontal surface with gradient surface energy

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第6期49卷 733-741页

作者： liao Qiang WANG hong ZHU Xun LI Mingwei Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

A surface with gradient surface energy was fabricated on a silicon wafer by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology with the dodecyltrichlorosilane (C12H25Cl3Si) vapor which was adsorbed chemically on the surface of the silicon wafer to form a self-assemble monolayer (ASM); thus a gradient profile of wettability. The microscopic contours of the gradient surface were measured with Seiko SPA400 atom force microscope (AFM). And the surface wettability profile was characterized by the sessile drop method, measuring the contact angle of fine water droplets that lay on the gradient surface, to represent the distribution of the surface energy on the surface. Using a high-speed video imaging system, the motion of water droplet on the horizontal gradient surface was visualized; the transient velocity was measured under ambient condition. The experimental results show that the liquid droplets can be driven to move from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side on the horizontal gradient surface; the velocity of droplet can reach up to 40 mm/s. In addition, the motion of the water droplet can be generally divided into two stages: an acceleration stage; a deceleration stage. The droplet presents a squirming movement on the surface with a lower peak velocity; a larger extent of deceleration motion. And the static advancing contact angle of the droplet is obviously larger than the dynamic advancing contact angle on the gradient energy surface.

关键词： chemical vapor deposition, surface with gradient surface energy, contact angle profile, droplet motion.

Molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate sensing, signaling, and adaptation in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 192-220页

作者： Zhaoliang Zhang hong liao William J.Lucas Department of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Root Biology Center South China Agricultural University

As an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus （P） in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition, remobilization and recycling of phosphate （Pi） to maintain P homeostasis. Spatio-temporal molecular, physiological, and biochemical Pi deficiency responses developed by plants are the consequence of local and systemic sensing and signaling pathways. Pi deficiency is sensed locally by the root system where hormones serve as important signaling components in terms of developmental reprogramming, leading to changes in root system architecture. Root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root signals, delivered through the xylem and phloem, respectively, involving Pi itself, hormones, miRNAs, mRNAs, and sucrose, serve to coordinate Pi deficiency responses at the whole-plant level. A combination of chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and posttranslational events contribute to globally regulating a wide range of Pi deficiency responses. In this review, recent advances are evaluated in terms of progress toward developing a comprehen- sive understanding of the molecular events underlying control over P homeostasis. Application of this knowledge, in terms of developing crop plants having enhanced attributes for P use efficiency, is discussed from the perspective of agricultural sustainability in the face of diminishing global P supplies.

关键词： Adaptation crop engineering strategies hormone networks local and long-distance sensing phosphate P use efficiency stress responses systemic signaling transcriptional regulation transport systems

Effects of transgenic soybean on growth and phosphorus acquisition in mixed culture system

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第5期57卷 477-485页

作者： Jianna Xie Jia Zhou Xiurong Wang hong liao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources Root Biology CenterSouth China Agricultural University

Transgenic soybean plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase gene AtPAP15 （OXp） or the soybean expansin gene GmEXPB2 （OXe） can improve phosphorous （P） efficiency in pure culture by increasing Apase secretion or changing root morphology. In this study, soybean‐soybean mixed cultures were employed to il uminate P acquisition among plants in mixed stands of transgenic and wild‐type soybean. Our results showed that transgenic soybean plants were much more competitive, and had greater growth and P uptake than wild‐type soybean in mixed culture in both low P calcareous and acid soils. Furthermore, OXe plants had an advantage in calcareous soils when mixed with OXp, whereas the latter performed much better in acid soils. In soybean‐maize mixed culture, transgenic soybean had no impact on maize growth compared to controls in both acid and calcareous soils with different P conditions. As for soybean in＆amp;nbsp;mixed culture, OXp plants had no significant advantages regardless of P availability or soil type, while P efficiency improved in OXe in calcareous soils compared to controls. These results imply that physiological traits could be easily affected by the mixed maize. Transgenic soybean plants with enhanced root traits had more competitive advantages than those with improved root physiology in mixed culture.

关键词： Soybean AtPAP15 GmEXPB2i phosphorus efficiency maize mixed culture