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Large-inductance superconducting microstrip photon detector enabling 10 photon-number resolution

Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 96-105页

作者： ling-Dong Kong Tian-Zhu Zhang Xiao-Yu liu Hao li Zhen Wang Xiao-Ming Xie li-xing you Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyNational Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated CircuitsShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics ShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringBeijingChina

Efficient and precise photon-number-resolving detectors are essential for optical quantum information *** this,very few detectors have been able to distinguish photon numbers with both high fidelity and a large dynamic range,all while maintaining high speed and high timing *** nanostrip-based detectors excel at counting single photons efficiently and rapidly,but face challenges in balancing dynamic range and ***,we have pioneered the demonstration of 10 true photon-number resolution using a superconducting microstrip detector,with readout fidelity reaching an impressive 98%and 90%for 4-photon and 6-photon events,***,our proposed dual-channel timing setup drastically reduces the amount of data acquisition by 3 orders of magnitude,allowing for real-time photon-number *** then demonstrate the utility of our scheme by implementing a quantum random-number generator based on sampling the parity of a coherent state,which guarantees inherent unbiasedness,robustness against experimental imperfections and environmental noise,as well as invulnerability to *** solution boasts high fidelity,a large dynamic range,and real-time characterization for photon-number resolution and simplicity with respect to device structure,fabrication,and readout,which may provide a promising avenue towards optical quantum information science.

关键词： superconducting microstrips single-photon detector photon-number resolution quantum random number

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一种裸线热电偶时间常数新公式的仿真和试验验证

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航空发动机 2024年第3期50卷 128-136页

作者：岳玲玲李星优蔡梦音王培勇厦门大学航空航天学院福建厦门361005

为准确获取热电偶测量动态来流温度的响应时间即时间常数,根据能量守恒,考虑热电偶结点的对流、辐射和导热,推导了热电偶时间常数的新公式。时间常数公式中涉及2个参数α和e,其中与表面辐射相关的参数α通过计算流体力学(CFD)仿真小球... 详细信息

为准确获取热电偶测量动态来流温度的响应时间即时间常数,根据能量守恒,考虑热电偶结点的对流、辐射和导热,推导了热电偶时间常数的新公式。时间常数公式中涉及2个参数α和e,其中与表面辐射相关的参数α通过计算流体力学(CFD)仿真小球在来流参数变化时的球温动态响应时间拟合获得,而与导热相关的参数e通过CFD仿真S型热电偶在来流参数变化时的热电偶结点温度动态响应时拟合获得。通过仿真和试验2种方式对时间常数公式进行验证。结果表明:在不同工况下,公式计算和CFD仿真得到的时间常数误差在20%以内,且仿真结果下的特定工况辐射和导热综合影响,能够使时间常数最低降为仅考虑对流的33%;采用S型热电偶测量了标准高温燃气,通过对热电偶加载然后撤销电流获得热电偶测温的动态响应曲线和时间常数,试验与公式获得的时间常数之间的最大误差为-12%,证实了公式的准确性较高。

关键词：裸线热电偶计算流体力学时间常数结点传热

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STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR A FINITE PLATE WITH AN INCliNED CRACK BY BOUNDARY COLLOCATION

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2005年第3期21卷 258-265页

作者： xing li Xuemei you Department of Mathematics Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 P. R. China

In this paper, we combine the Muskhelishvili＇s complex variable method and boundary collocation method, and choose a set of new stress function based on the stress boundary condition of crack surface, the higher precision and less computation are reached. This method is applied to calculating the stress intensity factor for a finite plate with an inclined crack. The influence of θ （the obliquity of crack） on the stress intensity factors, as well as the number of summation terms on the stress intensity factor are studied and graphically represented.

关键词： boundary collocation method stress intensity factor crack numerical solution

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Flux-to-voltage characteristic simulation of superconducting nanowire interference device

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第9期29卷 553-558页

作者： xing-Yu Zhang Yong-liang Wang Chao-lin Lv li-xing you Hao li Zhen Wang Xiao-Ming Xie State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050China

Inspired by recent discoveries of the quasi-Josephson effect in shunted nanowire devices,we propose a superconducting nanowire interference device in this study,which is a combination of parallel ultrathin superconducting nanowires and a shunt resistor.A simple model based on the switching effect of nanowires and fluxoid quantization effect is developed to describe the behavior of the *** current-voltage characteristic and flux-to-voltage conversion curves are simulated and discussed to verify the *** parameters of the shunt resistor and inductor are deduced for fabricating the devices.

关键词： superconducting nanowire switching effect flux-to-voltage conversion interference device

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基于YOLOv7的糖果气泡缺陷识别研究

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林业机械与木工设备 2024年第3期52卷 19-23页

作者：方晓东朱婷婷吴旻李星佑薛胜南京林业大学机械电子工程学院江苏南京210037

在硬糖制造过程中,由于糖浆温度不稳定、搅拌不均等原因导致硬糖中出现气泡缺陷,影响其外观和口感,因此需要对含气泡的硬糖进行检测剔除。针对糖果气泡缺陷小且位置不固定的问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv7的糖果气泡缺陷识别算法。首先,采... 详细信息

在硬糖制造过程中,由于糖浆温度不稳定、搅拌不均等原因导致硬糖中出现气泡缺陷,影响其外观和口感,因此需要对含气泡的硬糖进行检测剔除。针对糖果气泡缺陷小且位置不固定的问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv7的糖果气泡缺陷识别算法。首先,采集糖果的彩色图像和深度图像,并对其彩色图像进行直方图均衡化和中值滤波,构建糖果气泡缺陷数据库;然后,构建基于YOLOv7的气泡缺陷识别模型,采用SimOTA和ReOrg操作提高模型运算速度和识别精度;最后,将构建的糖果气泡缺陷识别模型与现有的其他深度学习目标检测算法进行对比,实验结果表明所提出的识别模型综合性能最优。

关键词：目标检测糖果气泡 YOLOv7 在线检测

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Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第5期31卷 636-640页

作者： Hou-Rong Zhou Kun-Jie Cheng Jie Ren li-xing you li-liang Ying Xiao-Yan Yang Hao li Zhen Wang State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050China

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) are typical switching devices capable of detecting single photons with almost 100% detection efficiency. However, they cannot determine the exact number of incident photons during a detection event. Multi-pixel SNSPDs employing multiple read-out channels can provide photon number resolvability(PNR), but they require increased cooling power and costly multi-channel electronic systems. In this work, a single-flux quantum(SFQ) circuit is employed, and PNR based on multi-pixel SNSPDs is successfully demonstrated. A multi-input magnetically coupled DC/SFQ converter(MMD2 Q) circuit with a mutual inductance M is used to combine and record signals from a multi-pixel SNSPD device. The designed circuit is capable of discriminating the amplitude of the combined signals in accuracy of Φ_(0)/M with Φ_(0) being a single magnetic flux quantum. By employing the MMD2 Q circuit,the discrimination of up to 40 photons can be simulated. A 4-parallel-input MMD2 Q circuit is fabricated, and a PNR of3 is successfully demonstrated for an SNSPD array with one channel reserved for the functional verification. The results confirm that an MMD2 Q circuit is an effective tool for implementing PNR with multi-pixel SNSPDs.

关键词： superconducting nanowire single-flux quantum circuit photon number resolution

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Wavelength dependence of intrinsic detection efficiency of NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第7期28卷 534-537页

作者： Yong Wang Hao li li-xing you Chao-lin Lv He-Qing Wang xing-Yu Zhang Wei-Jun Zhang Hui Zhou Lu Zhang Xiao-Yan Yang Zhen Wang State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology(SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics(CENSE) Shanghai 200050 China

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent detection performance;however, the underlying physics of the detection process is still *** this study, we investigate the wavelength dependence of the intrinsic detection efficiency(IDE) for NbN *** fabricate various NbN SNSPDs with linewidths ranging from 30 nm to 140 ***, for each detector, the IDE curves as a function of bias current for different incident photon wavelengths of 510–1700 nm are *** the IDE curves, the relations between photon energy and bias current at a certain IDE are *** results exhibit clear nonlinear energy–current relations for the NbN detectors, indicating that a detection model only considering quasiparticle diffusion is unsuitable for the meander-type NbN-based *** work provides additional experimental data on SNSPD detection mechanism and may serve as an interesting reference for further investigation.

关键词： niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors detection mechanism

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Experimental studies of H_(2)/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 321-330页

作者： Shi-Bo li Si-Yu xing Fei Gao you-Nian Wang Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)School of PhysicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The electrical parameters of H_(2)/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region are investigated by a Langmuir probe,where Ar fractions range from 0%to 100%.The influence of gas composition and pressure on electron density,the effective electron temperature and the electron energy probability functions(EEPFs)at different spatial positions are *** driver region,with the introduction of a small amount of Ar at 0.3 Pa,there is a rapid increase in electron density accompanied by a decrease in the effective electron ***,the shape of the EEPF transitions from a three-temperature distribution to a bi-Maxwellian distribution due to an increase in electron-electron ***,this phenomenon resulting from the changes in gas composition vanishes at 5 Pa due to the prior depletion of energetic electrons caused by the increase in pressure during hydrogen *** EEPFs for the total energy in expansion region is coincident to these in the driver region at 0.3 Pa,as do the patterns of electron density variation between these two regions for differing Ar *** 5 Pa,as the discharge transitions from H_(2)to Ar,the EEPFs evolved from a bi-Maxwellian distribution with pronounced low energy electrons to a Maxwellian distribution in expansion *** evolve may be attributed to a reduction in molecular vibrational excitation reactions of electrons during transport and the transition from localized electron dynamics in hydrogen discharge to non-localized electron dynamics in argon *** order to validate the experimental results,we use the COMSOL simulation software to calculate electrical parameters under the same *** evolution and spatial distribution of the electrical parameters of the simulation results agree well with the trend of the experimental results.

关键词： inductively coupled plasma transmission and distribution energy distribution functions

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Inhibiting shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides by double metal selenides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2546-2559页

作者： Lei li Xue-Jing Yang Yi-Yang li Bo Jin Hui liu Meng-Yang Cui Dong-Bo Guan xing-you Lang Qing Jiang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Educationand College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130022China

lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have attracted the attention of more and more researchers due to the advantages of high energy density,environmental friendliness,and low production ***,the low electronic conductivity of active material and shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides(liPSs)limit the commercial development of *** solve these problems,we design a core-shell composite with nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)and two types of selenides(FeSe_(2)-NC@ZnSe-NC).The FeSe_(2)-NC@ZnSe-NC has a strong adsorption capacity,and can effectively adsorb *** the same time,it also effectively alleviates the shuttling effect of liPSs,and improves the utilization of the active substance during the charge/discharge reaction *** mechanism involved in FeSe_(2)-NC@ZnSe-NC is demonstrated by both experiments and density-functional theory(DFT)*** electrochemical test results indicate that LSB with S/FeSe_(2)-NC@ZnSe-NC delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1260 mAh·g^(-1)at *** after 500 cycles at 1C,the capacity decay rate per cycle is 0.031%,and the capacity retention rate is 85%.The FeSe_(2)-NC@ZnSe-NC core-shell structure verifies a rational strategy to construct an electrode material for high-performance LSBs.

关键词： lithium-sulfur batteries Shuttling effect Metal selenide Nitrogen-doped carbon lithium polysulfides

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Quenching and flow of charm and bottom quarks via semi-leptonic decay of D and B mesons in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 190-197页

作者： Shu-Qing li Wen-Jing xing Shanshan Cao Guang-you Qin School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jining UniversityQufu 273155China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE) Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Heavy flavor particles provide important probes of the microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of the quark-gluon plasma(QGP)produced in high-energy nucleus-nucleus *** studied the energy loss and flow of charm and bottom quarks inside the QGP via the nuclear modification factor(R_(AA))and elliptic flow coefficient(v_(2))of their decayed leptons in heavy-ion collisions at the *** dynamical evolution of the QGP was performed using the CLVisc(3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics model;the evolution of heavy quarks inside the QGP was simulated with our improved Langevin model that considers both collisional and radiative energy loss of heavy quarks;the hadronization of heavy quarks was simulated via our hybrid coalescence-fragmentation model;and the semi-leptonic decay of D and B mesons was simulated via *** the same spatial diffusion coefficient for charm and bottom quarks,we obtained smaller R_(AA) and larger v_(2) of charm decayed leptons than bottom decayed leptons,indicating stronger energy loss of charm quarks than bottom quarks inside the QGP within our current model setup.

关键词： quark-gluon plasma heavy-ion collisions jet quenching anisotropic flow heavy quark heavy flavor muon

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