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Targeting NAD Metabolism for the Therapy of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 218-240页

作者： Feifei li chou Wu Gelin Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

As the aging population continues to grow rapidly, age-related diseases are becoming an increasing burden on the healthcare system and a major concern for the well-being of elderly individuals. While aging is an inevitable process for all humans, it can be slowed down and age-related diseases can be treated or alleviated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical coenzyme or cofactor that plays a central role in metabolism and is involved in various cellular processes including the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, post-translational protein modifications, DNA repair, and immune responses. As individuals age, their NAD levels decline, and this decrease has been suggested to be a contributing factor to the development of numerous age-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In pursuit of healthy aging, researchers have investigated approaches to boost or maintain NAD levels. Here, we provide an overview of NAD metabolism and the role of NAD in age-related diseases and summarize recent progress in the development of strategies that target NAD metabolism for the treatment of age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Ageing Neuroprotection NAD metabolism Therapeutic strategy Neurodegenerative diseases

A 30-year overview of sodium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 56-98页

作者： Yun Gao Hang Zhang Jian Peng lin li Yao Xiao li li Yang liu Yun Qiao Shu-Lei chou School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia

Sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries(liBs)due to the similar properties of the li and Na elements as well as the abundance and accessibility of Na *** of the current research has been focused on the half-cell system(using Na metal as the counter electrode)to evaluate the performance of the cathode/anode/*** relationship between the performance achieved in half cells and that obtained in full cells,however,has been neglected in much of this ***,the trade-off in the relationship between electrochemical performance and cost needs to be given more ***,systematic and comprehensive insights into the research status and key issues for the full-cell system need to be gained to advance its ***,this review evaluates the recent progress based on various cathodes and highlights the most significant challenges for full *** strategies have also been proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NIBs,including designing electrode materials,optimizing electrolytes,sodium compensation,and so ***,perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide future research on sodium-ion full cells.

关键词： commercial application electrode electrolyte sodium-ion full cell strategies

Catalytic behavior of Mo-Bi-Fe-Co-K-M-O(M=Ce,Gd,CeGd)catalysts for selective oxidation of isobutene

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 84-93,I0003页

作者： Qinghui li Huahua Zhao Jian Yang Jun Zhao liang Yan Huanling Song lingjun chou State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The further improvement of methacrolein(MAL)selectivity from isobutene(IB)oxidation is crucial and *** this study,based on the typical Mo-Bi-Fe-Co-K-O mixed metal oxide,the rare earth element Gd-doped,Ce-doped and CeGd co-doped catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation strategy to increase the selectivity of MAL from 47.9%to 49.8%,64.2% and 68.6%,*** order to elucidate in-depth the promoting effect of Ce and/or Gd,various characterizations were utilized including X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD),Raman,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),O_(2)-temperature programmed desorption(O_(2)-TPD),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR),CO_(2)-temperature programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),IB-temperature programmed desorption(i-C4-TPD)and in-situ IB-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(IB-FTIR).Both Ce and Gd finely regulate the bulk and surface structure of the catalyst,thus altering the redox ability,oxygen mobility and storage ability and *** with Ce,Gd addition slightly regulates the variation of Co^(2+)/Co^(3+)redox couples,greatly enhances the interaction among the components on the catalyst,thus only increases the content of surface oxygen species and has little effect on their *** Cecontaining catalyst performs stronger oxygen storage and migration ability,thus leading to the overproduction of surface Odefectspecies,which are proposed to be the active sites for the production of MAL and *** CeGd co-doped catalyst possesses the proper content of surface Odefectspecies,thus exhibits much higher MAL ***,the promoting mechanism of Ce and/or Gd over IB oxidation is ***,this work is helpful for understanding the influence of rare earth elements on the structure of mixed metal oxides and the olefin selective oxidation reaction.

关键词： Mixed metal oxide catalyst Rare earth element Isobutene Selective oxidation Methacrolein

Acquiring Weak Annotations for Tumor Localization in Temporal and Volumetric Data

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 318-330页

作者： Yu-Cheng chou Bowen li Deng-Ping Fan Alan Yuille Zongwei Zhou Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision Lab ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland

Creating large-scale and well-annotated datasets to train AI algorithms is crucial for automated tumor detection and ***,with limited resources,it is challenging to determine the best type of annotations when annotating massive amounts of unlabeled *** address this issue,we focus on polyps in colonoscopy videos and pancreatic tumors in abdominal CT scans;Both applications require significant effort and time for pixel-wise annotation due to the high dimensional nature of the data,involving either temporary or spatial *** this paper,we develop a new annotation strategy,termed Drag&Drop,which simplifies the annotation process to drag and *** annotation strategy is more efficient,particularly for temporal and volumetric imaging,than other types of weak annotations,such as per-pixel,bounding boxes,scribbles,ellipses and ***,to exploit our Drag&Drop annotations,we develop a novel weakly supervised learning method based on the watershed *** results show that our method achieves better detection and localization performance than alternative weak annotations and,more importantly,achieves similar performance to that trained on detailed per-pixel ***,we find that,with limited resources,allocating weak annotations from a diverse patient population can foster models more robust to unseen images than allocating per-pixel annotations for a small set of *** summary,this research proposes an efficient annotation strategy for tumor detection and localization that is less accurate than per-pixel annotations but useful for creating large-scale datasets for screening tumors in various medical modalities.

关键词： Weak annotation detection localization segmentation colonoscopy abdomen

Identifying the origin of porous evolution of microsized bismuth in potassium-ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2234-2239页

作者： Shenxu Chu Kaixiang Lei Qian Yang Jiaxin li Yuqing Zhao Mengjia Gu lin li Xing Hu Yu Zhang Zhuo Chen Shuo Shi Shulei chou Shijian Zheng Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Institute for Carbon Neutralization Technology College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China

Microsized bismuth(Bi)with in-situ constructed three-dimensional(3D)porous network has been considered as a promising anode for high-performance potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,the mechanism of the in-situ porous evolution of microsized Bi during the charge/discharge process is still ***,various electrolytes are employed to disclose the origin of porous evolution of microsized Bi in *** and theoretically,the 3D porous network originates from the uniform interfacial charge distribution on the Bi surface in the linear ether-based *** addition,the universality of the interfacial charge distribution mechanism was verified by microsized Sn and *** in-situ constructed 3D porous network of Bi enables a superior potassium storage performance in a wide temperature range from-40 to 40℃.More importantly,the K_(0.9)Mn_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)O_(2)||Bi full cell delivers excellent cycling stability(a high capacity retention of 88.44%even after 2,000 cycles)and good temperature *** work gives a distinct clarification of the origin of the porous evolution of microsized Bi during cycling,which is critical for developing high-performance PIBs.

关键词： potassium-ion batteries microsized Bi porous evolution linear ether-based electrolyte interfacial charge distribution

Layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries:microstructure design,local chemistry and structural unit

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 191-213页

作者： ling-Yi Kong Han-Xiao liu Yan-Fang Zhu Jia-Yang li Yu Su Hong-Wei li Hai-Yan Hu Yi-Feng liu Ming-Jing Yang Zhuang-Chun Jian Xin-Bei Jia Shu-Lei chou Yao Xiao Institute for Carbon Neutralization College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China

Because of the low price and abundant reserves of sodium compared with lithium,the research of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)in the field of large-scale energy storage has returned to the research *** oxides distinguish themselves from the mains cathode materials of SIBs owing to their advantages such as high specific capacity,simple synthesis route,and environmental ***,the commercial development of the layered oxides is limited by sluggish kinetics,complex phase transition and poor air *** on the research ideas from macro-to micro-scale,this review systematically summarizes the current optimization strategies of sodium-ion layered oxide cathodes(SLOC)from different dimensions:microstructure design,local chemistry regulation and structural unit *** the dimension of microstructure design,the various structures such as the microspheres,nanoplates,nanowires and exposed active facets are prepared to improve the slow kinetics and electrochemical ***,from the view of local chemistry regulation by chemical element substitution,the intrinsic electron/ion properties of SLOC have been enhanced to strengthen the structural ***,the optimization idea of endeavors to regulate the physical and chemical properties of cathode materials essentially is put forward from the dimension of structural unit *** opinions and strategies proposed in this review will provide some inspirations for the design of new SLOC in the future.

关键词： sodium-ion batteries layered oxide cathodes microstructure design local chemistry structural unit

Half-precessional cycle revealed by environment magnetism of stalagmite in Shizhu Cave from southwestern China during the Last Glacial

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Huihui Yang Yu-Min chou Xiuyang Jiang Wenyue Xia Hai li Yi Zhong Jingyu Zhang Yaoqi He Tsai-Luen Yu Qingsong liu Chuan-chou Shen College of Tourism and Air Service， Guizhou Minzu University Research Center for Future Earth， Taiwan University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) School of Environment， Harbin Institute of Technology High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC)， Department of Geosciences， Taiwan University Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes， College of Geography Science， Fujian Normal University Center for Marine Magnetism (CM2)， Department of Ocean Science and Engineering， Southern University of Science and Technology

The environmental magnetic proxies of stalagmites hold significant potential for reconstructing regional hydroclimate changes by revealing the content and grain size of magnetic particles within stalagmites. In this study， we present the contents and grain sizes of magnetic particles within a stalagmite SZ-1， from Shizhu Cave in southwestern China from 70.4 to 22.3 thousand years ago (ka) during the last glacial period. Specifically， the parameters IRMsoft， soil-derived magnetic minerals， and ARM/SIRM (anhysteretic remanent magnetization/saturation isothermal remanent magnetization)， the ratio of fine magnetic particles to total ferrimagnetic particles preserved in stalagmite SZ-1， indicate the fluctuation of regional precipitation. Obvious half-precessional cycles are evident in these two proxies， indicating that hydroclimatic variations in southwestern China may predominantly arise from the heat and moisture transported from tropical oceans. These variations are likely influenced by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and fluctuations in the Asian summer monsoon.

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light-Controlled Chemical Reaction Pathways in Disulfide-Based Nonequilibrium Systems

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1571-1580页

作者： Yingshuai Zhao Peng Zhao Jingyi Zhang Yuanfeng Zhao Bohan li Guoxiu Hao Yuanyuan An Wei Zhou Yan Lu lien-Yang chou Yijun Zheng School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210

Pathway selection in a complex chemical reaction network(CRN)enables organisms to adapt,evolve,and even learn in response to changing *** by this,herein we report an artificial system,where light signal was used to manipulate the reaction pathways in a disulfide-based nonequilibrium *** changing the photon energy and irradiation window,the anion or new radical-mediated pathways were selectively triggered,resulting in a user-defined evolution *** photodissipative cycles were achieved by UV(365 nm)irradiation,increasing the total number of reactions from 3 to *** emerging pathway selection of the CRN is accurately predictable and controllable even in complex organo-hydrogel *** demonstrate up to five-state autonomous sol-gel transitions and the formation of fuel-driven dissipative organo-hydrogel through both chemical and light *** work represents a new approach to allowing CRNs to communicate with the environment that can be used in the development of materials with lifelike behaviors.

关键词： chemical reaction networks light regulation kinetic control pathway selection disulfide

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伦理的三次觉醒

伦理学研究 2024年第1期 36-43页

作者：任丑李育侠北京师范大学哲学国际中心(珠海) 西南大学应用伦理研究所西南大学哲学系

伦理是“是”实现其“应当”的生活实践,也是“应当”扬弃其“是”的历史进程。它体现为三次觉醒:第一次觉醒(自然主义谬误的提出)表明,整体伦理遮蔽了事实与价值的区别;第二次觉醒(人为主义谬误的伦理诊断)指出,分析伦理隔离了事实与... 详细信息

伦理是“是”实现其“应当”的生活实践,也是“应当”扬弃其“是”的历史进程。它体现为三次觉醒:第一次觉醒(自然主义谬误的提出)表明,整体伦理遮蔽了事实与价值的区别;第二次觉醒(人为主义谬误的伦理诊断)指出,分析伦理隔离了事实与价值的联系;第三次觉醒(自然主义谬误与人为主义谬误的扬弃)探究事实与价值的共同根源与本质区别,把握事实与价值的辩证统一关系,寻求人类伦理命运的天下大道。伦理的三次觉醒既是伦理理论的自我提升,又是人类社会发展的自由航程。

关键词：是应当伦理觉醒