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Alternative Method of Constructing Granular Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 623-650页

作者： Yushan Yin Witold Pedrycz zhiwu li School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6R 2V4Canada

Utilizing granular computing to enhance artificial neural network architecture, a newtype of network emerges—thegranular neural network (GNN). GNNs offer distinct advantages over their traditional counterparts: The ability toprocess both numerical and granular data, leading to improved interpretability. This paper proposes a novel designmethod for constructing GNNs, drawing inspiration from existing interval-valued neural networks built uponNNNs. However, unlike the proposed algorithm in this work, which employs interval values or triangular fuzzynumbers for connections, existing methods rely on a pre-defined numerical network. This new method utilizesa uniform distribution of information granularity to granulate connections with unknown parameters, resultingin independent GNN structures. To quantify the granularity output of the network, the product of two commonperformance indices is adopted: The coverage of numerical data and the specificity of information *** this combined performance index helps determine the optimal parameters for the network. Finally,the paper presents the complete model construction and validates its feasibility through experiments on datasetsfrom the UCIMachine Learning Repository. The results demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness andpromising performance.

关键词： Granular neural network granular connection interval analysis triangular fuzzy numbers particle swarm optimization(PSO)

State-Based Opacity Verification of Networked Discrete Event Systems Using Labeled Petri Nets

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Parametric Transformation of Timed Weighted Marked Graphs:Applications in Optimal Resource Allocation

自动化学报（英文版） 2024年第5期 1274页

作者： Yifan Dong Naiqi Wu zhiwu li

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第1期8卷 179-188页

作者： Zhou He Ziyue Ma zhiwu li Alessandro Giua the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China the School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078MacaoChina the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of CagliariCagliari 09124Italy

Timed weighted marked graphs are a subclass of timed Petri nets that have wide applications in the control and performance analysis of flexible manufacturing *** to the existence of multiplicities(i.e.,weights)on edges,the performance analysis and resource optimization of such graphs represent a challenging *** this paper,we develop an approach to transform a timed weighted marked graph whose initial marking is not given,into an equivalent parametric timed marked graph where the edges have unitary *** order to explore an optimal resource allocation policy for a system,an analytical method is developed for the resource optimization of timed weighted marked graphs by studying an equivalent ***,we apply the proposed method to a flexible manufacturing system and compare the results with a previous heuristic *** analysis shows that the developed approach is superior to the heuristic approach.

关键词： Discrete event system resource allocation timed Petri net weighted marked graph

Performance Evaluation of Public Bus Transportation by Using DEA Models and Shannon’s Entropy:An Example From a Company in a Large City of China

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第4期8卷 779-795页

作者： Zicheng liu Naiqi Wu Yan Qiao zhiwu li Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems Macao University of Science and Technologyand also with the State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and EquipmentGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The purpose of this paper is to assess the operational efficiency of a public bus transportation via a case study from a company in a large city of China by using data envelopment analysis(DEA)model and Shannon’s *** company operates 37 main routes on the backbone ***,it plays a significant role in public transportation in the *** to bus industry norms,an efficiency evaluation index system is constructed from the perspective of both company operations and passenger *** passenger satisfaction,passenger waiting time and passenger-crowding degree are considered,and they are undesirable *** describe such indicators,a superefficient DEA model is *** this model,by using actual data,efficiency is evaluated for each bus *** show that the DEA model with Shannon’s entropy being combined achieves more reasonable ***,sensitivity analysis is ***,the results are meaningful for the company to improve its operations and management.

关键词： Performance evaluation public transportation system Shannon’s entropy super-efficiency data envelopment analysis undesirable outputs

Residual-driven Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for Image Segmentation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第4期8卷 876-889页

作者： Cong Wang Witold Pedrycz zhiwu li MengChu Zhou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6R 2V4Canada School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China the Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071and also with the Institute of Systems EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China the Helen and John C.Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102 USA

In this paper,we elaborate on residual-driven Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)for image segmentation,which is the first approach that realizes accurate residual(noise/outliers)estimation and enables noise-free image to participate in *** propose a residual-driven FCM framework by integrating into FCM a residual-related regularization term derived from the distribution characteristic of different types of *** on this framework,a weighted?2-norm regularization term is presented by weighting mixed noise distribution,thus resulting in a universal residual-driven FCM algorithm in presence of mixed or unknown ***,with the constraint of spatial information,the residual estimation becomes more reliable than that only considering an observed image *** experiments on synthetic,medical,and real-world images are *** results demonstrate the superior effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm over its peers.

关键词： Fuzzy C-Means image segmentation mixed or unknown noise residual-driven weighted regularization

Development of Granular Fuzzy Relation Equations Based on a Subset of Data

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第8期8卷 1416-1427页

作者： Dan Wang Xiubin Zhu Witold Pedycz Zhenhua Yu zhiwu li School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6R 2V4 ABCanada Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina

Developing and optimizing fuzzy relation equations are of great relevance in system modeling,which involves analysis of numerous fuzzy *** each rule varies with respect to its level of influence,it is advocated that the performance of a fuzzy relation equation is strongly related to a subset of fuzzy rules obtained by removing those without significant *** this study,we establish a novel framework of developing granular fuzzy relation equations that concerns the determination of an optimal subset of fuzzy *** subset of rules is selected by maximizing their performance of the obtained *** originality of this study is conducted in the following *** with developing granular fuzzy relation equations,an interval-valued fuzzy relation is determined based on the selected subset of fuzzy rules(the subset of rules is transformed to interval-valued fuzzy sets and subsequently the interval-valued fuzzy sets are utilized to form interval-valued fuzzy relations),which can be used to represent the fuzzy relation of the entire rule base with high performance and ***,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)is implemented to solve a multi-objective optimization problem,in which not only an optimal subset of rules is selected but also a parameterεfor specifying a level of information granularity is determined.A series of experimental studies are performed to verify the feasibility of this framework and quantify its performance.A visible improvement of particle swarm optimization(about 78.56%of the encoding mechanism of particle swarm optimization,or 90.42%of particle swarm optimization with an exploration operator)is gained over the method conducted without using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

关键词： A subset of data granular fuzzy relation equations interval-valued fuzzy relation particle swarm optimization(PSO)

AN EXTRACTION ALGORITHM FOR A SET OF ELEMENTARY SIPHONS BASED ON MIXED-INTEGER PROGRAMMING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第1期21卷 106-125页

作者： Shaoyong li zhiwu li Hesuan HU Abdulrahman AI-AHMARI Aimin AN School of Electro-Mechamcal Engmeermg Xidian University Xi＇ an 710071 P. R. China School of Ctvil Engmeertng Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 P. R. China College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia

Elementary siphons are useful in the development of a deadlock prevention policy for a discrete event system modeled with Petri nets. This paper proposes an algorithm to iteratively extract a set of elementary siphons in a class of Petri nets, called system of simple sequential processes with resources （S3pR）. At each iteration, by a mixed-integer programming （MIP） method, the proposed algorithm finds a maximal unmarked siphon, classifies the places in it, extracts an elementary siphon from the classified places, and adds a new constraint in order to extract the next elementary siphon. This algorithm iteratively executes until no new unmarked siphons can be found. It finally obtains a unique set of elementary siphons and avoids a complete siphon enumeration. A theoretical analysis and examples are given to demonstrate its efficiency and practical potentials.

关键词： Petri net flexible manufacturing system deadlock prevention mixed integer programming elementary siphon

Infinite-and K-Step Opacity Verification of Discrete-Event Systems Under Nondeterministic Observations

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2023年第5期36卷 1830-1850页

作者： CHU Qian ZHANG Jiahui HAN Xiaoguang li zhiwu CHEN Zengqiang College of Electronic Information and Automation Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300222China Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078China College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

In some practical applications modeled by discrete-event systems(DES),the observations of events may be no longer deterministic due to sensor faults/failures,packet loss,and/or measurement *** this context,it is interesting to reconsider the infinite-step opacity(∞-SO)and K-step opacity(K-SO)of a DES under abnormal conditions as *** this paper,the authors extend the notions of∞-SO and K-SO defined in the standard setting to the framework of nondeterministic observations(i.e.,the event-observation mechanism is state-dependent and nondeterministic).Obviously,the extended notions of∞-SO and K-SO are more general than the previous standard *** effectively verify them,a matrix-based current state estimator in the context of this advanced framework is constructed using the Boolean semi-tensor product(BSTP)***,the necessary and sufficient conditions for verifying these two extended versions of opacity are provided as well as their complexity ***,several examples are given to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.

关键词： Boolean semi-tensor product discrete-event system infinite-step opacity K-step opacity nondeterministic observation

Framework for Chinese Private Sector＇s Participation in Rural Hydropower

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Small Hydro Power News 2006年第2期23卷 2-5页

作者： li zhiwu Hangzhou Regional Centre （Asia-Pacific）for Small HydroPower Hangzhou China

Remarkable achievements have been scored for the development of rural hydropower and rural electrification in China. A total of 653 small hydropower （SHP）-based rural electrification counties have been completed. In recent years, numerous private investments poured into the field of rural hydropower to greatly accelerate the course of rural electrification. This article aims to focus on the general situation and background for private sector＇s participation in rural hydropower development in China, and the current operation system and mechanism for the joint-development of public and private sectors in rural hydropower development.

关键词：中国电气化水电工程管理系统