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Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau:Scale effects and their mechanisms

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 1283-1292页

作者： li tiejian1,wang guangqian1,xue hai2,3 & wang kai4 1 state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china 2 Yellow River engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,china 3 North china Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Zhengzhou 450008,china 4 china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,beijing 100038,china state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

Scale effects exist in the whole process of rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport in river basins. The differences of hydrographs and sediment graphs in different positions in a river basin are treated as basic scale effects, which are more complex in the gullied Loess Plateau, a region notorious for high intensity soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow. The up-scaling method of direct extrapolation that maintains dynamical mechanism effective in large scale application was chosen as the methodology of this paper. Firstly, scale effects of hydrographs and sediment graphs were analyzed by using field data, and key sub-processes and their mechanisms contributing to scale effects were clearly defined. Then, the Digital Yellow River Model that integrates sub-models for the subprocesses was used with high resolution to simulate rainfall-3-runoff-3-soil erosion-3-sediment transport response in Chabagou watershed, and the distributed results representing scale effects were obtained. Finally, analysis on the simulation results was carried out. It was shown that gravitational erosion and hyper-concentrated flow contribute most to the spatial variation of hydrographs and sediment graphs in the spatial scale. Different spatial scale distributions and superposition of different sub-processes are the mechanisms of scale effects.

关键词： scale effect soil erosion hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow the Loess Plateau

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Sediment yield computation of the sandy and gritty area based on the digital watershed model

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第6期49卷 752-763页

作者： liU Jiahong wang guangqian li tiejian xue hai HE li state key laboratory of hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The Yellow River is well known as a sediment-laden river, which is the main reason that it cannot be controlled as easily as other rivers. Many researchers, such as Qian Ning et al., have found that the sediment load of the Yellow River comes mainly from the sandy and gritty area of the Loess Plateau. Therefore, it is very important to simulate the sediment yield in this area. This paper proposes a method to compute the sediment production in the sandy and gritty area based on the digital watershed model. The suggested model is calibrated and validated in the Chabagou basin, which is a small catchment in the study area. Finally, the model simulates the sediment yield of the sandy and gritty area in 1967, 1978, 1983, 1994 and 1997, which represents a high water and high sediment year, a mean water and mean sediment year, a high water and low sediment year, a low water and high sediment year, and a low water and low sediment year separately. The simulation results, including the runoff depth and erosion modulus, can well explain the "low water and high sediment" phenomena in the Yellow River basin. The total amount of the sediment production and its distribution generated by the model is very useful for water and soil conservation in the sandy and gritty area of the Loess Plateau.

关键词： the digital watershed model, the sandy and gritty area, sediment yield.

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