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Relationship between population competitive intensity and yield in maize cultivars

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1312-1321页

作者： ZHAI li-chao XIE Rui-zhi li shao-kun FAN Pan-pan Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Development Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Competition is a common phenomenon in agriculture *** on the relationship between competitive ability and crop yield is extensive,but the results have been *** studies have focused on the relationship between population competitive intensity and yield of maize（Zea mays L.）*** main objective of this study was to determine if a consistent relationship exists between maize yield and competitive ability.A two-year field experiment was conducted,employing a de Wit replacement series *** two maize cultivars were grown in a mixture,yield was reduced for the modern cultivar and increased for the older *** each replacement series,per plant level yield of each cultivar,and population level yield of the mixture,decreased with increasing proportion of the older *** ratio（CR）reflected differences in competitive ability of the three maize *** each replacement series,population competition pressure（PCP）increased with increasing proportion of the older cultivar,indicating that the older cultivar was a strong *** yield,grain yield,harvest index,thousand-kernel weight,and kernel number per plant,were negatively correlated with *** results demonstrated that inter-cultivar competition affects maize productivity,and increasing PCP will decrease translocation of assimilates to grain and,ultimately,reduce ***,there is a negative correlation between population competitive intensity and yield performance in maize,breeders should develop a communal ideotype that would not perform well in competition in future.

关键词： maize competition competitive ability population competitive pressure yield

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Evaluation and analysis of intraspecific competition in maize: A case study on plant density experiment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第10期17卷 2235-2244页

作者： ZHAI li-chao XIE Rui-zhi MING Bo li shao-kun MA Da-ling Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Development Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cash Crop Stress Biology for Ulanqab Jining Normal University

Intraspecific competition is a common phenomenon in agricultural production,and maize is one of the most sensitive grass species to intraspecific competition due to its low tillering *** study evaluated and analyzed intraspecific competition in maize,and screened competitive indices that could be used to evaluate intraspecific competition in a maize population.A 2-year field experiment was conducted using the maize hybrid Zhongdan 2 at 12 plant densities ranging from 1.5 to 18.0 plants（pl）*** results showed that the response of single-plant grain yield and dry matter at harvest to increased plant density decreased exponentially and that the harvest index decreased *** response of population-level grain yield to plant density was curvilinear,producing a maximum value at the optimum population ***,the yielddensity equation agreed well with the Steinhart-Hart equation curves,but not with the quadratic equation curves reported by most previous *** indices are used to evaluate competition in a plant population or plant *** present results show that competitive intensity（CI）and absolute severity of competition（ASC）increased with increasing plant density;however,relative yield（RY）and relative reproductive efficiency（RReff）*** different responses of these indices reflect different aspects of *** to the analysis of CI,ASC,RY,and RReff,higher CI and ASC values indicate higher intraspecific competition,whereas higher RY and RReff values indirectly reflect lower intraspecific *** competitive indices evaluate not only the intraspecific competitive intensity under different plant densities of the same cultivar but also those of different cultivars under the same plant ***,some overlap exists in the calculations of ASC,CI,and RY,so one could simply select any one of these indices to evaluate intraspecific competition in a maize *** conclusion,the present study

关键词： maize intraspecific competition plant density competitive indices grain yield

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Historical trends in maize morphology from the 1950s to the 2010s in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2159-2167页

作者： MA Da-ling XIE Rui-zhi YU Xiao-fang li shao-kun GAO Ju-lin Agricultural College Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010019P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

The morphology of the plant and ear is a preliminary selection characteristic in breeding new varieties of *** new maize cultivars were developed from the 1950s through the 2010s in China,most had changes in both plant and ear morphological characteristics that contributed substantially to maize yield *** the seven decades,plant and ear height fluctuated with a small increase from the 1950s to 2000s,and then a decrease in the 2010s,while the ear ratio and internodes length below the ear decreased *** angles became significantly more upright,especially for the leaves above the ear,and the leaf area per plant improved *** orientation increased from the 1950s to the 2000s then decreased in the *** size and the anthesis-silking interval were both reduced *** diameter,kernel number,and kernel weight increased from the 1950 to the 2000s,then decreased in the 2010s under the same cultivation *** found that modern maize hybrids have a lower plant height,ear height and ear ratio which increased lodging resistance,a more erect leaf which increased high-density planting tolerance,and smaller ears and kernels which facilitated rapid dehydration during late grain *** morphological selection criteria,which are suitable for mechanized operations,are proposed as the focus for future maize breeding.

关键词： maize yield morphological characteristics breeding direction artificial selection improved maize cultivars mechanized farming

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灌溉方式对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响

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玉米科学 2025年第1期33卷 66-76页

作者：姚森崇张国强侯鹏明博王克如谢瑞芝李少昆薛军宁夏大学农学院银川750021 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室北京100081

设置6.0×10^(4)~13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)渐密的6个密度水平,漫灌、沟灌、滴灌3种灌溉方式,研究不同种植密度和灌溉方式对玉米植株形态、基部节间干物质积累、茎秆机械强度等变化趋势,明确灌溉方式对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响。与漫灌和... 详细信息

设置6.0×10^(4)~13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)渐密的6个密度水平,漫灌、沟灌、滴灌3种灌溉方式,研究不同种植密度和灌溉方式对玉米植株形态、基部节间干物质积累、茎秆机械强度等变化趋势,明确灌溉方式对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响。与漫灌和沟灌相比,滴灌的茎秆抗折断力在吐丝期分别提高11.1%~16.7%和8.7%~11.4%,成熟期分别提高14.3%~31.1%和8.2%~19.4%;滴灌第3节间单位长度干重在吐丝期分别提高7.6%~17.4%和6.6%~10.9%,成熟期分别提高15.0%~31.9%和8.4%~14.3%。滴灌可以通过提高茎秆基部节间直径和干物质积累以获得更高的茎秆强度来抵抗倒伏。

关键词：玉米灌溉方式密度茎秆抗折断力

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SPEI_(PM)-based research on drought impact on maize yield in North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 660-669页

作者： MING Bo GUO Yin-qiao TAO Hong-bin liU Guang-zhou li shao-kun WANG Pu Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

The calculation method of potential evapotranspiration（PET） was improved by adopting a more reliable PET estimate based on the Penman-Monteith equation into the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index（SPEI） in this study（SPEI PM）. This improvement increased the applicability of SPEI in North China Plain（NCP）. The historic meteorological data during 1962–2011 were used to calculate SPEI PM. The detrended yields of maize from Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Beijing, and Tianjin provinces/cities of NCP were obtained by linear sliding average method. Then regression analysis was made to study the relationships between detrended yields and SPEI values. Different time scales were applied, and thus SPEI PM was mentioned as SPEI PMk-j（k=time scale, 1, 2, 3, 4,…, 24 mon; j=month, 1, 2, 3,..., 12）, among which SPEI PM3-8 reflected the water condition from June to August, a period of heavy precipitation and vigorous growth of maize in NCP. SPEI PM3-8 was highly correlated with detrended yield in this region, which can effectively evaluate the effect of drought on maize yield. Additionally, this relationship becomes more significant in recent 20 yr. The regression model based on the SPEI series explained 64.8% of the variability of the annual detrended yield in Beijing, 45.2% in Henan, 58.6% in Shandong, and 54.6% in Hebei. Moreover, when SPEI PM3-8 is in the range of –0.6 to 1.1, –0.9 to 0.8 and –0.8 to 2.3, the detrended yield increases in Shandong, Henan and Beijing. The yield increasing range was during normal water condition in Shandong and Henan, where precipitation was abundant. It indicated that the field management matched well with local water condition and thus allowed stable and high yield. Maize yield increase in these two provinces in the future can be realized by further improving water use efficiency and enhancing the stress resistance as well as yield stability. In Hebei and Beijing, the precipitation is less and thus the normal water condition cannot meet

关键词： North China Plain maize(Zea mays L.) drought climate-determined yield standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index

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Current state and suggestions for mechanical harvesting of corn in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 892-897页

作者： XIE Rui-zhi MING Bo GAO Shang WANG Ke-ru HOU Peng li shao-kun Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

Corn(Zea mays L.) accounts for the largest shares of planting area and total yield of grain crops in *** production has played a significant role in the country’s development of agriculture and national *** requires the largest amount of manual labor in the entire corn production process,accounting for about 50–60% of the total labor input.

关键词： China crops harvesting

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Difference in corn kernel moisture content between pre-and post-harvest

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第7期20卷 1775-1782页

作者： li Lu-lu MING Bo XUE Jun GAO Shang WANG Ke-ru XIE Rui-zhi HOU Peng li shao-kun Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the ***,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest,which decreased the value of corn *** identify the reasons underlying the increase,we conducted a multiyear and-area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel *** test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre-and post-harvest,the kernel breakage rate,the amount of impurities,and the moisture content of various other plant *** analysis of 411 pairs of pre-and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2%higher than that before *** the staged-harvest test,however,a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%.The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content,breakage rate and impurity ***,at harvest time in this region,there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content,resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after ***,we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing ***,farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities,thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.

关键词： kernel moisture content pre-harvest and post-harvest corn

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Maize grain yield and water use efficiency in relation to climatic factors and plant population in northern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第12期20卷 3156-3169页

作者： liU Yue-e HOU Peng HUANG Gui-rong ZHONG Xiu-li li Hao-ru ZHAO Jiu-ran li shao-kun MEI Xu-rong Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding/Maize Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

Water scarcity has become a limiting factor for increasing crop *** ways to improve water use efficiency(WUE)has become an urgent task for Chinese *** understand the response of different maize populations to changes in precipitation and the effects of changes in maize populations on WUE,this study conducted maize population experiments using maize hybrids with different plant types(compact and semi compact)and different planting densities at 25 locations across *** was found that,as precipitation increased across different locations,maize grain yield first increased and then decreased,while WUE decreased *** the relationship between WUE and the main climatic factors,this study found that WUE was significantly and negatively correlated with precipitation(R(daily mean precipitation)and R(accumulated precipitation))and was positively correlated with temperature(TM(daily mean maximum temperature),T_(M-m)(T_(m),daily mean minimum temperature)and GDD(growing degree days))and solar radiation(Ra(daily mean solar radiation)and Ra(accumulated solar radiation))over different growth *** differences in maize grain yield,WUE and precipitation were found at different planting *** population densities were ranked as follows according to maize grain yield and WUE based on the multi-site experiment data:60000 plants ha^(-1)(P_(2))>90000 plants ha^(-1)(P_(3))>30000 plants ha^(-1)(P_(1)).Further analysis showed that,as maize population increased,water consumption increased significantly while soil evaporation decreased *** differences were found between the WUE of ZD958(compact type)and that of LD981(semi-compact type),as well as among the WUE values at different planting *** addition,choosing the optimum hybrid and planting density increased WUE by 21.70 and 14.92%,respectively,which showed that the hybrid played a more significant role than the planting density in improving WU

关键词： maize climatic factor water utilization characteristics water use efficiency hybrids planting density

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Artificial Neural Network to Predict Leaf Population Chlorophyll Content from Cotton Plant Images

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 38-45页

作者： SUO Xing-mei JIANG Ying-tao YANG Mei li shao-kun WANG Ke-ru WANG Chong-tao College of Information Engineering Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 P.R.China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada Las Vegas NV 89154 U.S.A Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

Leaf population chlorophyll content in a population of crops, if obtained in a timely manner, served as a key indicator for growth management and diseases diagnosis. In this paper, a three-layer multilayer perceptron （MLP） artificial neural network （ANN） based prediction system was presented for predicting the leaf population chlorophyll content from the cotton plant images. As the training of this prediction system relied heavily on how well those leaf green pixels were separated from background noises in cotton plant images, a global thresholding algorithm and an omnidirectional scan noise filtering coupled with the hue histogram statistic method were designed for leaf green pixel extraction. With the obtained leaf green pixels, the system training was carried out by applying a back propagation algorithm. The proposed system was tested to predict the chlorophyll content from the cotton plant images. The results using the proposed system were in sound agreement with those obtained by the destructive method. The average prediction relative error for the chlorophyll density （μg cm^-2） in the 17 testing images was 8.41%.

关键词： artificial neural network image processing cotton plant leaf population chlorophyll content prediction

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Maize Yield Gains in Northeast China in the Last Six Decades

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 630-637页

作者： NIU Xing-kui XIE Rui-zhi liU Xin ZHANG Feng-lu li shao-kun GAO Shi-ju Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture College of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei

In 2010, Chinese maize yields increased from 961.5 kg ha-1 in 1949 to 5 453.8 kg ha-L This increase is the result of genetic improvements, an increase in nitrogen application, and refinement of planting densities. The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for maize production research by analyzing the maize yield gain characteristics. Six varieties of maize were selected for the study; each selection is representative of a typical or commonly used maize variety from a specific decade, beginning from the 1950s and continuing through each decade into the 2000s. The selections and their corresponding decade were as follows： Baihe, 1950s; Jidan 101, 1960s; Zhongdan 2, 1970s; Yedan 13, 1980s; Zhengdan 958, 1990s; and Xianyu 335, 2000s. Each variety was planted under four different densities （37 500, 52 500, 67 500, and 82 500 plants ha-0 and four different nitrogen applications （0, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1 to study the effects on yield gain characteristics. The obtained results demonstrated that there was a maize yield increase of 123.19% between the 1950s variety and the 2000s variety. Modern Chinese maize varieties had a higher yield advantage. They also displayed the additional potential to acquire higher yield under increased planting densities and nitrogen applications. At the present cultivation levels （planting at 67 500 plants ha-~ with 225 kg ha-1 nitrogen application）, the contribution types and corresponding yield increase percentages were as follows： genetic improvement, 45.37%; agronomic-management improvement, 30.94%; and genotype× agronomicmanagement interaction, 23.69%. At high-yielding cultivation levels （planting at 82 500 plants ha-1 with 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen application）, the contribution types and corresponding yield increase percentages were as follows： genetic improvement, 31.30%; agronomic-management improvement, 36.23%; and genotype × agronomic-management interaction, 32.47%. The contribution of agronomic-management and geno

关键词： maize yield gains varieties nitrogen applications plant densities

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