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不同覆盖对圣女果秸秆简化静态堆肥与腐殖化进程的影响

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农业工程学报 2024年第4期40卷 273-283页

作者：林嘉聪韩卓雅王定美麦力文李勤奋袁京余小兰李光义中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室海口570010 华中农业大学资源与环境学院武汉430070 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站国家农业环境儋州观测实验站国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测儋州试验站儋州571737

热带圣女果种植分布广,产生的秸秆废弃物难收储。在热带高温多雨气候条件下,如何高效、简单、低成本实现圣女果秸秆的就地无害化与腐殖化还田,是热带圣女果秸秆废弃物处置利用面临的重要难题之一。该研究以构建秸秆简化、就地的静态堆... 详细信息

热带圣女果种植分布广,产生的秸秆废弃物难收储。在热带高温多雨气候条件下,如何高效、简单、低成本实现圣女果秸秆的就地无害化与腐殖化还田,是热带圣女果秸秆废弃物处置利用面临的重要难题之一。该研究以构建秸秆简化、就地的静态堆肥工艺为目标,模拟了polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)分子膜、polyvinyl-chloride(PVC)塑料膜、无覆盖(即干秸秆原料)3种不同覆盖所形成的静态环境对堆肥理化性质与腐殖化进程的影响,结合冗余-相关性分析与二维相关傅立叶红外光谱阐明腐殖化的影响规律及其关键组分的分子结构演化机制。结果表明:3种覆盖下≥50℃高温期持续时间均超过5 d;促进产热-蓄热-保温能力上,由高到低顺序依次为:分子膜、无覆盖、塑料膜。秸秆堆肥过程中酸碱度、电导率、氮磷钾、容重升高,大颗粒破碎,小颗粒占比提高。覆盖塑料膜堆肥有效积温相对较低,有机碳损失相对较低,堆肥后有机碳降幅分别为20.12%(分子膜)、4.63%(塑料膜)与16.13%(无覆盖)。相比于无覆盖,分子膜覆盖可以显著加快堆肥腐殖化进程;塑料膜覆盖堆肥虽能实现一定程度腐殖化,但腐殖化率最低。3种处理下腐殖化指数分别为15.61%(分子膜)、9.95%(无覆盖)、6.17%(塑料膜)。二维相关光谱表明木质纤维素分解产生的醌、醛、酮、多酚类化合物与氨基聚合,多酚缩合可能是秸秆腐殖酸合成的主要途径。分子膜与塑料膜覆盖下,重点调控物料结构与养分,并提高温度,是提高腐殖化效果的关键。

关键词：堆肥腐殖化圣女果秸秆分子膜覆盖

Enhanced performance of field-effect transistors based on C_(60) single crystals with conjugated polyelectrolyte

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第4期60卷 490-496页

作者： qinfen li Jiake Wu Ruihan Wu Yujing liu Hongzheng Chen Fei Huang Hanying li Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology

Contact resistance at the interface between metal electrodes and semiconductors can significantly limit the performance of organic field-effect transistors, leading to a distinct voltage drop at the interface. Here, we demonstrate enhanced performance of n-channel field-effect transistors based on solution-grown C60 single-crystalline ribbons by introducing an interlayer of a conjugated polyelectrolyte （CPE） composed of poly[（9,9-bis（3＇-（（N,N-dimethyl）-N-ethylammonium）-propyl）-2,7-fluorene）- alt-2,7-（9,9-dioctylfluorene）] dibromide （PFN＋Br-）. The PFN＋Br- interlayer greatly improves the charge injection. Consequently, the electron mobility is promoted up to 5.60 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the threshold voltage decreased dramatically with the minimum of 4.90 V.

关键词： contact resistance C60 single crystal organic field-effect transistor solution process

Optimizing biochar addition for vermicomposting:a comprehensive evaluation of earthworms’activity,N_(2)O emissions and compost quality

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 59-70页

作者： Yupeng Wu qinfen li Yong Zheng Xingjun Xiong Yunfeng Chen Muhammad Shaaban Ronggui Hu College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Institute of Environment and Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571158China Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation limited Kunming 650051China Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

Biochar addition has been widely used in the field to mitigate soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions,and can be considered as a potential method to reduce N_(2)O emissions during ***,excessive biochar addition may inhibit earthworms’***,it is crucial to clarify the optimum addition volumes of biochar during *** study evaluated the impact of addition of various amounts of biochar(0,5,10,15,20 and 25%of total amount of feedstock)on earthworms’(Eisenia fetida)activity,N_(2)O emission and compost quality during *** with the treatment without biochar added,5%of biochar application significantly increased earthworm total biomass(from 177.5 to 202.2 g pot^(−1)),and cumulative burrowing activity(from 47.0%to 52.2%pixel per terrarium).The increased earthworms activity stimulated the vermicomposting process and led to the best quality of compost,which showed the highest total nutrient content(5.38%)and a significantly higher germination percentage of seeds(88%).Although N_(2)O emissions were slightly increased by 5%biochar addition,a nonsignificant difference was found between the treatment with 5%biochar and the treatment without biochar *** the contrary,20%and 25%biochar addition not only lowered N_(2)O emissions,but also significantly decreased the quality of *** results suggest that 5%biochar application is an appropriate amount to improve the quality of compost without significant N_(2)O emissions.

关键词： Earthworm Biochar addition Nitrous oxide Functional genes Burrowing activity

Simulation of regional land subsidence in the southern Yangtze Delta

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 808-825页

作者： XUE YuQun WU JiChun ZHANG Yun YE ShuJun SHI XiaoQing WEI ZiXin li qinfen YU Jun Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey Shanghai 200072China Jiangsu Institute of Geological Survey Nanjing 210018China

Investigation of the deformation characteristics of individual hydrostratigraphic units is the key to construct a regional land subsidence model. All of 12 hydrostratigraphic units in the study area were discussed throughout. On the basis of the measured data of groundwater level, five kinds of changing patterns of groundwater level were deduced and the relationship between the deformation characteris-tics of aquifer units and the corresponding changing patterns of groundwater level was discussed. The study area is 1.7×104 km2, where the geological condition is complex. The changing patterns of groundwater level the hydrostratigraphic units have experienced vary from site to site and from time to time. Consequently, the deformation characteristics of units are sophisticated. An identical hydros-tratigraphic unit may exhibit different deformation characteristics, such as elasticity, elasto-plasticity, visco-elasticity, and visco-elasto-plasticity, at different sites or during different periods, not to mention the different units. The existing models are difficult to describe the complex visco-elasto-plastic con-stitutive law under the condition of land subsidence. So the Merchant’s model was modified to depict the visco-elasto-plastic behavior of units. Then a three-dimensional flow model with variable parame-ters and a vertical one-dimensional subsidence model were constructed and coupled. The coupled model was applied in simulating land subsidence in the southern Yangtze Delta and a satisfactory re-sult was obtained. The simulation results show that the new coupled model can depict the complex geological conditions and describe the developing process of land subsidence very well in the south-ern Yangtze Delta. The new model can surely be used to predict land subsidence in the future, which is very helpful to taking measurements to control land subsidence.

关键词： regional land subsidence model deformation characteristics of soil creep couple numerical simulation

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海南省食用菌产业发展情况解析

中国食用菌 2024年第4期43卷 98-105页

作者：程汉亭严廷良徐林丁野步连燕杨阳李勤奋中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室/海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室海南海口570100 海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/国家农业环境儋州观测实验站/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测儋州试验站海南儋州571737

通过实地调查与文献查阅,总结了海南省食用菌的产业发展历程和发展现状。发现近年来海南省食用菌产业发展迅速,工厂化菌棒生产企业数量达12家,林下栽培品种超10种。海南省食用菌产业在种质资源、种质创新、栽培技术、有效成分评价利用... 详细信息

通过实地调查与文献查阅,总结了海南省食用菌的产业发展历程和发展现状。发现近年来海南省食用菌产业发展迅速,工厂化菌棒生产企业数量达12家,林下栽培品种超10种。海南省食用菌产业在种质资源、种质创新、栽培技术、有效成分评价利用和食用菌模式评价方面开展了一定的探索。但总体而言海南省食用菌产业也存在耐高温品种资源少、配套产业栽培技术缺乏、加工技术滞后、产业缺乏整体规划布局、发展缺计划引导等问题。建议海南省继续挖掘食用菌特色资源,建立海南省特色食(药)用菌菌种繁育体系,研发和构建林下食(药)用菌栽培技术和模式,建立食(药)用菌产品深加工体系,提升特色食(药)用菌品牌,强化知识产权保护,加强海南省特色食用菌研究和人才培养,以保障海南省食用菌产业的健康发展。

关键词：食用菌产业海南省发展现状存在问题

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不同生物利用度碳源对蚯蚓堆肥影响分析

中国农业科技导报 2024年第7期26卷 199-209页

作者：孔令玮王孔檀麦力文伍玉鹏王熊飞王朝弼林嘉聪李勤奋中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室海口570011 华中农业大学资源与环境学院武汉430070 海南大学生态与环境学院海口570228 海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站国家农业环境儋州观测实验站国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测儋州试验站海南儋州571737 海南省土壤肥料总站海口571100

传统蚯蚓堆肥原料配制依赖质量比、体积比或碳氮比(C/N)的配制方法,忽略了不同碳源有机质生物可利用组分的差异,存在不合理性。为探究不同生物可利用度碳源对蚯蚓生长繁殖和堆肥碳氮固定的影响,在C/N=30下,以牛粪(氮源)和生物利用度低... 详细信息

传统蚯蚓堆肥原料配制依赖质量比、体积比或碳氮比(C/N)的配制方法,忽略了不同碳源有机质生物可利用组分的差异,存在不合理性。为探究不同生物可利用度碳源对蚯蚓生长繁殖和堆肥碳氮固定的影响,在C/N=30下,以牛粪(氮源)和生物利用度低、中、高的碳源物料(菠萝皮渣、水稻秸秆和番茄秸秆)复配,开展60 d蚯蚓堆肥试验。结果表明,蚯蚓日均增数量最高达6.4倍。易利用碳源菠萝皮渣处理中腐殖质含量最高,为15.11%,但总有机碳固定率最低,仅39.63%;添加难利用碳源番茄秸秆处理组中的蚯蚓总数最高,为385条,且总氮固定率最高。生物利用度高的碳源废弃物占比越高,蚯蚓增重越大;生物利用度低的碳源废弃物占比越高,可促进蚯蚓繁殖;蚯蚓转化后的蚓粪总有机碳固定率为39.63%~59.28%,全氮固定率为65.04%~95.59%。碳源生物可利用度增大时,蚯蚓堆肥体系中的总有机碳固定率降低,而总氮的固定率升高。以上研究结果阐明了原料中不同利用度碳源对蚯蚓生产和碳氮固持的影响规律,为蚯蚓高效养殖与绿色低碳的固废堆肥处理工艺改进提供参考借鉴。

关键词：生物利用度碳源蚯蚓蚯蚓堆肥碳氮

A Study of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage:Numerical Simulation of Thermal Storage Experiments in Shanghai

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第3期63卷 297-311页

作者： Xue Yuqun Dept.of Earth Sciences, Nangjing University, Nanjing Xie Chunhong Dept.of Mathematics, Nangjing University, Nanjing and li qinfen Shanghai Environmental Geology Center, Shanghai Dept. of Earth Sciences Nangjing University Nanjing China

This paper proposes a 3-D convection-heat dispersion model for a confined aquifer. The governing equation of the model contains not only the traditional convection and conduction terms, but also a heat dispersion term which has often been overlooked in many similar researches. The model is used to describe a series of aquifer thermal energy storage experiments conducted at the Shanghai experimental site, including single-well injection, double-well injection/production and multiple-well injection/prodution tests. The simulated temperatures agree very well with the field data (relative error: 2.8%-4.5%). A detailed description of the model is given, followed by a detailed comparison of simulated and measured temperature distributions.

关键词： A Study of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Simulation

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木薯茎秆基质化的堆肥工艺及评价

农业工程学报 2011年第1期27卷 320-325页

作者：李光义李勤奋张晶元中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业部热带农林有害生物入侵监测与控制重点实验室海南省热带农业有害生物检测监控重点实验室儋州571737 海南大学环境与植物保护学院儋州571737

该研究以木薯茎秆为主要原料,鸡粪、蔗渣、有机废物发酵菌曲为辅料将其堆肥基质化处理,旨在探讨木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理的最佳发酵工艺及评价不同处理腐熟后的品质。研究结果表明,基质发酵过程中,其主要理化指标堆温、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN... 详细信息

该研究以木薯茎秆为主要原料,鸡粪、蔗渣、有机废物发酵菌曲为辅料将其堆肥基质化处理,旨在探讨木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理的最佳发酵工艺及评价不同处理腐熟后的品质。研究结果表明,基质发酵过程中,其主要理化指标堆温、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、pH值、全K(TK)、全P(TP)、电导率(EC)等随堆制时间呈现一定的变化规律。基质腐熟后的各项理化指标基本达到栽培基质的要求。综合基质的发酵温度、腐熟周期及无土栽培基质对基质各项理化性质的要求,处理2(木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪)、处理3(木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪+甘蔗渣)更适合木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理。

关键词：发酵基质物理性质木薯茎秆

2016-2021年海南文昌菜地土壤微生物数据集

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中国科学数据（中英文网络版） 2023年第4期8卷 95-104页

作者：陈淼李勤奋中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所海口570100 海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站海南儋州571737 农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室海口570100

随着热带特色高效农业的快速发展,种植结构变化加快,新的耕作管理模式对菜地生态系统影响的不确定性增加。土壤微生物在维持土壤功能方面起重要作用,是表征土壤质量的重要指标。因此监测热带地区菜地种植制度下微生物群落组成和功能及代... 详细信息

随着热带特色高效农业的快速发展,种植结构变化加快,新的耕作管理模式对菜地生态系统影响的不确定性增加。土壤微生物在维持土壤功能方面起重要作用,是表征土壤质量的重要指标。因此监测热带地区菜地种植制度下微生物群落组成和功能及代谢,对于探究微生物群落演替及其驱动因子和养分循环等微观机理尤为重要。本数据集基于土壤微生物DNA/RNA分子生物学技术,整合了2016–2021年海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站文昌观测场菜地单施化肥、秸秆还田、化肥+秸秆还田三种模式下土壤细菌和真菌的扩增子高通量测序数据,样地的设置、观测和维护、样品的采集、样品制备与保存、数据填报和质控严格按照中国生态研究网络(CERN)统一规范执行。本数据集对于研究热带地区菜地生态系统养分循环、分析环境要素与生产系统间的相互作用机理、调整作物耕作管理方式和养分投入、提高热带农业生态系统服务功能等具有重要实际意义。

关键词：热带地区 2016–2021年菜地生态系统扩增子高通量测序细菌真菌