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Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers:Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3652-3666页

作者： HE Wen-jun HE Bin WU Bo-yang WANG Yu-hui YAN Fei-yu DING Yan-feng li gang-hua Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Nanjing 210095P.R.China China-Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology Nanjing 210095P.R.China School of life Sciences and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an 223003P.R.China

The traditional soil-based rice seedling production methods for mechanical transplanting are resource-intensive,time consuming and laborious.The improvement and optimization of nutrient management in soil-less nursery raising methods like tandem long-mat seedlings(TLMS)are necessary for the resource-efficient cultivation of rice.In the present study,a controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)-polymer-coated compound fertilizer with 3 months release period(PCCF-3M)was applied as seedling fertilizer(SF),and five different dosages of SF(SF-0,SF-10,SF-20,SF-30,and SF-40)were compared with an organic substrate as the control(CK).Among all SF treatments,the best results were obtained with the application of 20 g/tray of SF(SF-20),as the seedling quality and machine transplanting quality were comparable to those of CK.In contrast,the lower dosages(SF-0 and SF-10)resulted in low nitrogen content and reduced shoot growth,while the higher dosages(SF-30 and SF-40)resulted in toxicity(increased malondialdehyde accumulation)and inhibited the root growth.Similarly,SF-20 increased panicle number(5.6-7.0%)and yield(4.3-5.3%)compared with CK,which might be related to the remaining SF entangled in the roots supporting the tiller growth of rice seedlings in the field.Moreover,SF-20 reduced the seedling block weight(53.1%)and cost of seedling production(23.5%)but increased the gross margin,indicating that it was easy to handle and economical.Taken together,our results indicate that SF-20 is a cost-effective way to promote the growth and transplanting efficiency of rice seedlings.To our knowledge,this study is the first to determine the optimum dosage of CRF for the soil-less production of rice seedlings.

关键词： machine-transplanted rice tandem long-mat seedlings controlled release fertilizer seedling quality yield

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High quality and high efficiency fertilization of rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第6期20卷 1435-1437页

作者： li gang-hua College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

Rice(Oryza sativa L.),one essential staple cereal,feeds over 60%of the world’s population(FAO 2020).As the global population grows,improving rice yield becomes an effective strategy to achieve food security(Deng et al.2019).The use of chemical fertilizer,especially N fertilizer,has historically played a critical role in the growth of rice yield(Zhang et al.2015;Wood et al.2020).

关键词： cereal Wood fertilization

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Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1053-1063页

作者： LEI Wu-sheng DING Yan-feng li gang-hua TANG She WANG Shao-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Jurong 212400P.R.China

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings （HLMS） on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. A widely grown conventional super japonica rice cultivar （Wuyunjing 23） was selected as the test material. The effect of HLMS on seedling quality, mechanical transplantation quality, field growth characteristics, yield, and benefit-cost ratio were compared with seedlings grown in organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil, whJch was selected as the control. Root number, root twJstJng power and root activity of seedlings cultivated by HLMS were decreased compared to that of the organic substrates andcontrol. However, seedling root length as well as aboveground growth were increased compared to the organic substrates and control seed- lings. In the HLMS, the content of gibberellin acid （GA3） decreased while abscisic acid （ABA） content increased compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. During the early stages after transplanting, the re-greening of HLMS was delayed compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in tiller dynamics and crop yield among the HLMS, organic substrates and control treatments. The effects of HLMS on seedling production were similar to those of the organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil in the present study, suggesting that HLMS have the potential to replace traditional nutritive soil in seedling production without decreasing crop yield. Finally, it is important to reduce organic substrates and topsoil dependence during rice seedling production and worthwhile to consider HLMS popularization and its application on a larger scale.

关键词： super hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L.） mechanical transplantation seedling quality yield seedling raised method

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Effects of seedling age on the growth stage and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第7期19卷 1755-1767页

作者： li Yu-xiang liU Yang WANG Yu-hui DING Yan-feng WANG Shao-hua liU Zheng-hui li gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Souther China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group/Agricultural College Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003P.R.China

Understanding the characteristics of rice productivity is of great importance for achieving high yield formation.However,such traits have not yet been studied for different ages of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings(HLMS),which constitutes a new method of seedling cultivation.Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of seedling age on the growth stage,photosynthesis characteristics,dry matter production,and yield of HLMS.A conventional japonica rice cultivar(Wuyunjing 24)and an indica hybrid rice cultivar(6 liangyou 9368)were used as test materials.The results showed that the whole phase was shortened by 13-15 days for young seedlings(13-day-old)compared with old seedlings(27-day-old),which occurred because the growth process accelerated with the transplantation of young seedlings.As seedling age increased,the dry matter weight of stems of individual plants and of the population increased at the transplanting stage but decreased at the maturity stage(MS).Compared with that of 27-day-old seedlings,the average ratio of panicle weight to total plant dry weight of 13-day-old seedlings during a 2-year period increased by 3.71%for Wuyunjing 24 and by 3.78%for 6 liangyou 9368 at the MS.Moreover,as seedling age increased,the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential decreased for both cultivars,and the photosynthetic rate markedly decreased at the heading stage(HS).With the exception of that of Wuyunjing 24 from the jointing stage to the HS in 2014,the crop growth rate was higher for young seedlings than for old seedlings.Grain yield significantly decreased with seedling age,but no significant difference was detected between the 13-and 20-day-old seedlings for either cultivar.Therefore,equilibrious and high biological yield formation,vigorous growth in the late stages,and high photosynthetic production capacity are important characteristics and causes of the efficient and sustainable output of photosynthetic systems and for achieving high yield formation in young transplanted seedlings(13-20-

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) seedling age,growth stage yield photosynthetic matter production

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Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 65-77页

作者： DING Chao LUO Xi-kun WU Qiong LU Bo DING Yan-feng WANG Shao-hua li gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

To identify the major factors that contribute to the difference in lodging among different rice varieties under machine transplanting and their responses to nitrogen(N),field experiments were conducted at Danyang County(a representative eco-site of the Lower Yangtze River)in Jiangsu Province,China in 2017 and 2018,22 hybrid indica varieties(HIs),22 inbred japonica varieties(IJs)and two indica japonica hybrid varieties(IJHs)were transplanted by machine with three N rates(N0,N150 and N300,0,150 and 300 kg ha–1,respectively).Lodging-related physical parameters,morphological characteristics and apparent transport rates of dry matter were examined.Significant difference in yield was observed among different types of rice,and followed by IJsli)of hybrid varieties(HIs and IJHs)was higher than that of the inbred varieties(IJs)with higher plant height;moreover,lower apparent export rate of dry matter resulted lower li in IJHs than in HIs.The HIs had a large difference in the li,which came from the difference in bending stress(BS)induced by the difference in the apparent export rate of dry matter,varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves possess strong lodging resistance capacity;however,the gap among the IJs was due to the difference in the cross section modulus(Z).The li in the IJs or IJHs increased slightly with the increased N application,and there was no lodging incidence under the high N level,which was due to the low leaf angle and barely changed under high N;there was a significant interaction between varieties(HIs)and N rates in lodging rate and li,varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves were resistant to high N.These results suggest that compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance at machine-transplanting method.

关键词： machine transplanted rice lodging resistance nitrogen apparent export rate of dry matter

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Charactering protein fraction concentrations as influenced by nitrogen application in low-glutelin rice cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 537-544页

作者： li gang-hua CHEN Yi-lu DING Yan-feng GENG Chun-miao li Quan liU Zheng-hui WANG Shao-hua TANG She Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

To optimize both grain yield and quality of low-glutelin rice cultivars under N-fertilizer strategies, two-year field experiments involving three low-glutelin rice cultivars（W1240, W1721, W025） and an ordinary rice cultivar（H9405） with five N treatments were carried out to determine the effects of N application rate and genotype on protein fractions contents and Glutelin/Prolamin ratio（Glu/Pro）. The difference of protein fraction concentrations affected by N application rate existed in genotypes. Ordinary rice cultivar had a larger increase in glutlein concentration affected by N application rate than low-glutelin rice cultivars did. Glutelin in H9405 had a increase of 30.6 and 41.0% under the N4 treatment（360 kg N ha^（–1）） when compared with N0 treatment（no fertilizer N） in 2010 and 2011 respectively, while all the low-glutelin rice cultivars showed relatively smaller increases for two years. Variance analysis showed no significant effect of N application rate on glutelin in W1240 and W025 while the effects on albumin, globulin and prolamin were significant in low-glutelin rice. What＇s more, N treatment had no significant i nfluence on Glu/Pro ratios in low-glutelin rice cultivars while a significant increase in Glu/Pro ratio was observed in ordinary rice cultivar. So low-gultelin rice cultivars showed a different pattern from ordinary rice cultivars when influenced by N application rate.

关键词： low-glutelin rice nitrogen protein fractions Glu/Pro

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Ratio on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice with Different Genotypes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 63-72页

作者： ZHANG Wu-jun li gang-hua YANG Yi-ming li Quan ZHANG Jun liU Jin-you WANG Shao-hua TANG She DING Yan-feng National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province/College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China Agronomy College Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210095 P.R. China

The objective of this study was to determine the morphology mechanism of nitrogen （N） fertilizer rates and ratio on lodging resistance through analying its effects among lodging index （li）, lodging-related morphological traits and physical strength in basal intemodes by comparing japonica and indica super rice cultivars. Field experiments, with three nitrogen levels （0, 150 and 300 kg ha-L） and two ratios of basal to topdressing （8：2 and 5：5） with two super rice cultivars （Yliangyou 2 and Wuyunjing 23）, were conducted in the Baolin Farm, Danyang Country, Jiangsu Province, China, in 2011 and 2012. Effects of N fertilizer rates and ratios on morphology of whole plant, morphology traits in basal intemodes and culm＇s physical strength parameters were investigated at 20 d after full heading stage. li of Yliangyou 2 was significant greater than that of Wuyunjing 23 due to larger bending moment by whole plant （WP） with higher plant height and gravity center height. With higher volume of N fertilizer, li of two super rice cultivars was increased conspicuously. However, no significant effect was detected with increase of panicle fertilizer ratio. The size of breaking strength （M） in basal intemodes was the key factor determining li among N fertilizer treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that M value was positively related bending stress （BS） of Wuyunjing 23 and section modulus （Z） of Yliangyou 2, respectively. The higher N fertilizer levels induced reduction ofBS of Wuyunjing 23 due to weak culm and leaf sheath plumpness status and reduced Z of Yliangyou 2 owning to small diameter and culm wall thickness, consequently, influencing their M indirectly. These results suggested that breaking strength was the key factor influencing li with increase of N fertilizer levels. However, the lodging-related morphology mechanism was different with genotypes. Culm wall thickness and diameter in basal internodes of indica super rice and culm and leaf sheath plumpness status of japonica super rice influenced breaking strength, as we

关键词： super rice nitrogen fertilizer application management lodging resistance culmmorphology

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Effects of different types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第6期20卷 1503-1514页

作者： WU Qiong WANG Yu-hui DING Yan-feng TAO Wei-ke GAO Shen li Quan-xin li Wei-wei liU Zheng-hui li gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

This experiment explored the effects of single application of seven types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield and various population characteristics.Based on a study of the nitrogen(N)release characteristics of these fertilizers,pot experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 with split fertilization(CK,urea applied split equally at basal and panicle initiation stages,respectively)as control,which assessed the effects on SPAD value,yield and yield components,dynamic changes of rice tillers and dry matter accumulation.The results showed that the N release characteristics of different types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers were significantly different.Polymer-coated urea(PCU)showed a controlledrelease mode and provided sustained release throughout the whole growth stages.Sulfur-coated urea(SCU)exhibited a slow-release mode,providing insufficient release at the middle and late stages.Urease inhibitor urea(AHA)and ureaformaldehyde(UF)yielded a rapid-release mode,with an explosive N release at the early stage and no release at the middle and late stages.These results showed that PCU delayed the peak seedling stage.Compared with CK,dry matter accumulation and SPAD showed no significant differences,and due to the continuous release of N throughout the growth stages,rice yield,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate,and 1000-grain weight were all increased.Owing to the lack of N supply at the late stage and the low number of spikelets,SCU led to a reduction of rice yield,which is nevertheless not statistically significant.AHA and UF were susceptible to environmental factors and had varying effects on rice yield.The results of this experiment indicated that given a fixed amount of N applied in a pot,the stronger the N supply capacity and the longer the effective duration time of the fertilizer,the higher the dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage,and the higher the rice yield.

关键词： slow-and controlled-release fertilizers fertilizer types rice yield fertilizer release characteristics

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Effect of Nitric Oxide on Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1540-1550页

作者： ZHAO Xiu-feng CHEN lin Muhammad I A Rehmani WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua HOU Peng-fu li gang-hua DING Yan-feng College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture

Nitric oxide （NO） is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants that plays a key role in mediating a wide range of physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside （SNP）, an NO donor, on cadmium （Cd）-induced oxidative stress and Cd uptake in rice plants. Rice plants were exposed to Cd stress （0.2 mmol L^-1 CdC12） and different concentrations of SNP （0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol L^-1）. A SNP concentration of 0.1 mmol L^-1 （SNP 10） significantly reduced the Cd-induced decrease in shoot and root dry weights and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. The addition of NO also reduced the malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H202） and ascorbic acid （ASA） concentrations. However, the reduction in glutathione （GSH） concentration was inhibited by NO treatment. Moreover, NO prevented the Cd-induced increase in antioxidative enzyme activity. The amount of Cd accumulation in rice plants was also influenced by the addition of NO. The NO supplied by the SNP enhanced the Cd tolerance of the rice by increasing the Cd uptake by the roots and decreasing the Cd accumulation by the shoots. However, the application of potassium ferrocyanide （Cd＋Fe） or sodium nitrate and nitrite （Cd＋N）（without NO release）, did not exhibit the effects of the SNP. Furthermore, the effects of the SNP were reversed by the addition of hemoglobin （an NO scavenger）. Our results suggested that exogenous NO was involved in the resistance of rice to Cd-toxicity.

关键词： cadmium toxicity nitric oxide oxidative stress Oryza sativa L.

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Analysis of Variations in White-Belly and White-Core Rice Kernels Within a Panicle and the Effect of Panicle Type

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1672-1679页

作者： ZHANG Xin-cheng Md A.Alim liN Zhao-miao liU Zheng-hui li gang-hua WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua DING Yan-feng College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University

This study aims to investigate the variation in occurrence of white-belly rice kernel（WBRK） and white-core rice kernel（WCRK） among different positions within a panicle. Twenty-four M4 mutants involved in four panicle types, namely the compact, intermediate, loose, and chicken foot panicle were used. They derived from a japonica rice cultivar Wuyujing 3. Considerable differences in morphological characters existed among the four types of panicle, especially in panicle length, the secondary branch number and ratio of grain number to total branch length. Marked differences were found in WBRK and WCRK among different positions within a panicle for all types of panicle. In general, grains located on the primary rachis and top rachis branches had higher WBRK and WCRK percentage than those on the secondary rachis and bottom rachis branches. WCRK exhibited larger variation among grain positions than WBRK did. Moreover, there was a significant difference in WCRK/WBRK among grain positions within a panicle, with primary rachis and top rachis branches having higher values than the secondary and bottom rachis. In addition, panicle type showed no significant effect on the pattern of WBRK and WCRK occurrence within a panicle. The results indicated the difference in mechanism of WBRK and WCRK formation in grain position within a panicle, and are valuable for breeding and agronomic practices aimed at lowering chalky grain rate.

关键词： panicle type,white-belly rice kernel,white-core rice kernel,grain position,mutants,japonica rice

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