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Pedosphere 2005年第5期15卷 646-652页

作者： li Xin-Yu ZHANG Hui-Wen ZHOU Qi-Xing SU Zhen-cheng ZHANG cheng-gang Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 （China） Graduate School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100039 （China）

Using plate counting and ergosterol assay, single and joint effects of acetochlor and methamidophos on the dynamicsof soil fungal population and total fungal biomass in the black soil zone of Northeast China were investigated. The resultsdemonstrated that acetochlor at high concentration levels (150 and 2.0 mg kg-1) had an acute and mostly chronic toxicityon both the soil fungal population and total fungal biomass, but at a low concentration (50 mg kg-1) generally had astimulating effect that was stronger with total fungal biomass than with the soil fungal population. Methamidophos ata high concentration level (2.0 mg kg-1) alone and almost all of its combinations with various dosages of acetochlorincreased the soil fungal population, whereas at most sampling dates with 2.0 mg methamidophos kg-1 soil, total fungalbiomass increased, but in combination with acetochlor it was decreased in the early period of incubation and then increased2. days after incubation. Thus, through measuring the number of colony forming unit of the soil fungal population alongwith the total fungal biomass, a better understanding on effects of agrochemicals on soil fungi could be made.

关键词： acetochlor black soil fungal biomass fungal population methamidophos

Dissection of molecular mechanisms of liver injury induced by microcystin-leucine arginine via single-cell RNA-sequencing

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第11期145卷 164-179页

作者： Yunmeng Bai Yali Song Miaoran li Jinhuan Ou Hong Hu Nan Xu Min Cao SiyuWang lin Chen Guangqing cheng Zhijie li gang liu Jigang Wang Wei Zhang Chuanbin Yang Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical UniversityDongguan 523125China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Division of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Shenzhen People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen 518020China Faculty of Brain sciences University College LondonWC1E 6BTUK State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs Artemisinin Research Centerand Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

The occurrence of poisoning incidents caused by cyanobacterial blooms has aroused wide public ***-leucine arginine(MC-LR)is a well-established toxin produced by cyanobacterial blooms,which is widely distributed in eutrophic ***-LR is not only hazardous to the water environment but also exerts multiple toxic effects including liver toxicity in both humans and ***,the underlying mechanisms of MCLR-induced liver toxicity are ***,we used advanced single-cell RNA sequencing technology to characterize MC-LR-induced liver injury in *** established the first single-cell atlas ofmouse livers in response to *** results showed that the differentially expressed genes and pathways in diverse cell types of liver tissues of mice treatedwith MC-LR are highly *** analysis showed that MC-LR induced an increase in a subpopulation of hepatocytes that highly express Gstm3,which potentially contributed to hepatocyte apoptosis in response to ***,MC-LR increased the proportion and multiple subtypes of Kupffer cells with M1 phenotypes and highly expressed proinflammatory ***,the MC-LR increased several subtypes of CD8+T cells with highly expressed multiple cytokines and ***,apart from directly inducing hepatocytes apoptosis,MC-LR activated proinflammatory Kupffer cell and CD8+T cells,and their interaction may constitute a hostile microenvironment that contributes to liver *** findings not only present novel insight into underlying molecular mechanisms but also provide a valuable resource and foundation for additional discovery of MC-LR-induced liver toxicity.

关键词： MC-LR liver toxicity Single-cell RNA sequencing Immune response Inflammatory responses

Reconciled estimation of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance and contribution to global sea level change from 1996 to 2.2.

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3562-3578页

作者： Rongxing li Guojun li {2. HAI Huan XIE Yuan cheng Wei CHEN Xiangbin CUI Minghu DING Chunchun GAO Tong HAO Changqing KE Chuanjin li Jin li Yan liU Jiangjun RAN Jiawen REN Qiang SHEN Yunzhong SHEN Hongling SHI Songyun WANG Zemin WANG Jin{2. ZHAN Baojun ZHANG Min ZHONG Chunxia ZHOU Center for Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications Tongji University College of Surveying and Geo-informatics Tongji University Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management Shanghai University College of Resource Environment and Tourism Hubei University of Arts and Science Polar Research Institute of China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and Technology School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Department of Earth and Space sciences Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Space Research University of Texas at Austin chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping Wuhan University School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen University

The Antarctic Ice Sheet（AIS） has been losing ice mass and contributing to global sea level rise（GSLR）. Given its mass that is enough to cause ～58 m of GSLR, accurate estimation of mass balance trend is critical for AIS mass loss monitoring and sea level rise forecasting. Here, we present an improved approach to reconciled solutions of mass balance in AIS and its regions from multiple contributing solutions using the input-out, altimetric, and gravimetric methods. In comparison to previous methods, such as IMBIE 2.18, this approach utilizes an adaptive data aggregation window to handle the heterogeneity of the contributing solutions, including the number of solutions, temporal distributions, uncertainties, and estimation techniques. We improved the regression-based method by using a two-step procedure that establishes ensembled solutions within each method（input-output, altimetry, or gravimetry） and then estimates the method-independent reconciled solutions. For the first time, 16contributing solutions from 8 {2. institutions are used to estimate the reconciled mass balance of AIS and its regions from1996 to 2.2.. Our results show that AIS has lost a total ice mass of ～32.3±2.3 Gt during the period, an equivalent of～8.9±0.7 mm of GSLR. There is a sustained mass loss acceleration since 2.06, from 88.1±3.6 Gt yr-1during 1996–2.05 to 130.7 ±8.4 Gt yr-1during 2.06–2.13 and further to 157.0±9.0 Gt yr-1during 2.14–2.2.. The mass loss signal in the West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula is dominant and clearly presented in the reconciled estimation and contributing solutions, regardless of estimation methods used and fluctuation of surface mass balance. Uncertainty and challenges remain in mass balance estimation in East Antarctica. This reconciled estimation approach can be extended and applied for improved mass balance estimation in the Greenland Ice Sheet and mountain glacier regions.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice mass loss acceleration Sea level rise Reconciled estimation

Experiment of X-ray Generations Using Laser-Compton Scattering at liNAC of SINAP

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原子核物理评论 2009年第S1期26卷 109-114页

作者： PAN Qiang-yan1,XU Wang1,LUO Wen1,3,FAN Gong-tao1,3,Yang li-feng1,3,Fan Guang-wei1,3,li Yong-jiang1,3,XU Ben-ji1,SHI Xiang-chun2.liN Guo-qiang1, YAN Zhe1,XU Yi1,3,CHEN Jing-gen1,GUO Wei1,WANG Hong-wei1,WANG cheng-bin1, XU Jia-qiang1,Ma Yu-gang1,CAI Xiang-zhou1, ZHAO Ming-hua1,SHEN Wen-qing1(1 Shanghai Institute of applied Physics,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 2.1800,China 2.Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 2.1800,China 3 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,China) Shanghai Institute of applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Shanghai Institute of applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Graduate School of chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049China

Laser Compton scattering(LCS) can generate X-rays or γ-rays with high brightness and easy controlled polarization by applying high-peak-power laser pulses to relativistic electron bunches. One of the most promising approaches to short pulsed X-ray sources is the laser synchrotron source. It is based on LCS between picoseconds relativistic electron bunches and picoseconds laser pulses. A project of Shanghai laser electron gamma source with LCS method has been proposed on Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. Before that,a prototype has been developed in the beamline of the linear accelerator at the Shanghai Institute of applied Physics,chinese academy of sciences. The LCS experiment was carried out by using the 107 MeV,5 Hz,1 ns,0.1 nC electron bunches from the linear accelerator and the 18 ns,10 MW peak power,Nd∶YAG laser pulses. In this communication,we describe the details and report the first results of this experiment.

关键词： Compton scattering Nd∶YAG laser γ-ray source polarization

On-board measurements of gaseous pollutant emission characteristics under real driving conditions from light-duty diesel vehicles in chinese cities

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第8期28卷 28-37页

作者： gang Wang Shuiyuan cheng Jianlei Lang Song {2. {2.ang Tian Key Laboratory of beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing 100081 China

A total of 15 light-duty diesel vehicles（LDDVs） were tested with the goal of understanding the emission factors of real-world vehicles by conducting on-board emission measurements. The emission characteristics of hydrocarbons（HC） and nitrogen oxides（NOx） at different speeds, chemical species profiles and ozone formation potential（OFP） of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） emitted from diesel vehicles with different emission standards were analyzed. The results demonstrated that emission reductions of HC and NOxhad been achieved as the control technology became more rigorous from Stage I to Stage IV. It was also found that the HC and NOxemissions and percentage of O2.dropped with the increase of speed, while the percentage of CO2.increased. The abundance of alkanes was significantly higher in diesel vehicle emissions, approximately accounting for 41.1%–45.2., followed by aromatics and alkenes. The most abundant species were propene,ethane, n-decane, n-undecane, and n-dodecane. The maximum incremental reactivity（MIR）method was adopted to evaluate the contributions of individual VOCs to OFP. The results indicated that the largest contributors to O3 production were alkenes and aromatics, which accounted for 87.7%–91.5%. Propene, ethene, 1,2.4-trimethylbenzene, 1-butene, and1,2.3-trimethylbenzene were the top five VOC species based on their OFP, and accounted for 54.0%-64.8% of the total OFP. The threshold dilution factor was applied to analyze the possibility of VOC stench pollution. The majority of stench components emitted from vehicle exhaust were aromatics, especially p-diethylbenzene, propylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, and p-ethyltoluene.

关键词： light-duty diesel vehicles Emission factor Hydrocarbon Nitrogen oxide Volatile organic compounds Ozone formation potential

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2007年第7期19卷 864-873页

作者： SU Zhen-cheng ZHANG Hui-wen li Xin-yu ZHANG Qin ZHANG cheng-gang Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China. Graduate School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100039 China

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （2.0 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.

关键词： agrochemicals acetochlor methamidophos toxic effects nifH gene PCR-DGGE

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单纳米粒子表面的甲醇电催化氧化过程

chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第2期57卷 59-67页

作者：周湘淇李丽丽王俊刚李展波邵希吉程付鹏张林娟王建强 Akhil Jaing 林涛静超中国科学院上海应用物理研究所中国科学院微观界面物理与探测重点实验室中国上海201800 上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院中国上海201418 深圳技术大学新材料与新能源学院中国广东深圳518118 山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室晶体材料研究院中国山东济南250100 湖南师范大学化学化工学院化学生物学及中药分析教育部重点实验室中国湖南长沙410081 韶关学院智能工程学院物理系中国广东韶关512005 诺丁汉大学药学院再生医学与细胞诊疗生物电子实验室英国诺丁汉中国科学院大学中国北京100049

由于全球资源短缺和环境污染等问题日益加剧,开发利用洁净高效的新能源已成为当今社会研究热点.其中,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)具有低温启动、无需重整制氢、洁净环保和体积小巧等特性,展现出较好的应用前景.DMFC的阳极反应为甲醇氧化反应... 详细信息

由于全球资源短缺和环境污染等问题日益加剧,开发利用洁净高效的新能源已成为当今社会研究热点.其中,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)具有低温启动、无需重整制氢、洁净环保和体积小巧等特性,展现出较好的应用前景.DMFC的阳极反应为甲醇氧化反应,甲醇的完全氧化涉及到复杂的六步电子转移反应过程.揭示甲醇氧化的反应路径与机理,阐明催化剂的真实活性中心以及毒化效应,对于高效催化剂的设计和制备至关重要.随着纳米技术的发展,在单颗粒水平对纳米催化剂进行表征受到了越来越多的关注.因此,亟需发展具有高灵敏度的原位界面表征方法,实现纳米尺度的精准测量,排除催化剂平均效应,获取纳米表界面真实的催化反应信息.本文结合纳米等离子共振散射光谱与电化学技术,获得了单个纳米催化剂的同步光电响应信号,实现单颗粒水平纳米粒子表面化学、电化学反应过程(如电荷转移、分子吸附等)的高灵敏监测,揭示纳米尺度表界面催化反应机制.利用这一技术,动态监测了单个金/铂包金纳米颗粒表面的甲醇氧化过程.结果表明,在金纳米颗粒表面,甲醇氧化主要通过HCOOH路径,生成产物为HCOOH或CO_(2..其中,反应中间体与羟基离子的竞争性吸附起到重要作用,反应决速步为Au-OH和Au-CHO的共吸附.而铂催化甲醇氧化主要经过CO路径,决速步为Pt-OH和Pt-CO氧化生成Pt-COOH过程.此外,观测到金和铂氢氧化物为催化反应的活性物种,进一步证实了金属氧化物对于催化活性的钝化作用.结合密度泛函理论模拟,明确了甲醇氧化反应中间体吸附与金属氢氧化物演变之间的内在联系.综上,本文利用纳米等离子共振散射光谱,原位监测了单个纳米粒子表面的甲醇电催化氧化过程,实现了催化剂真实活性物种演变与失活过程的直接观测,揭示了不同催化剂表面的决速步骤,为提高催化反应效率提供了更加准确的反应信息.本文将有益于纳米等离子共振散射光谱在电催化反应高灵敏监测方面的广泛应用,并为高效甲醇催化剂的制备提供参考.

关键词：单个纳米粒子检测暗场显微镜等离子体共振散射光谱甲醇氧化反应纳米电化学

Influences of ^7li enrichment on Th-U fuel breeding for an Improved Molten Salt Fast Reactor(IMSFR)

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第7期28卷 105-113页

作者： Guang-Chao li Yang Zou cheng-{2. Yu Jian-Long Han Jin-Gen Chen Hong-Jie Xu Shanghai Institute of applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Shanghai 201800 China University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049China

The molten salt fast reactor(MSFR) shows great promise with high breeding ratio(BR),large negative temperature coefficient of reactivity,high thermal-electric conversion efficiency,inherent safety,and online *** on an improved MSFR optimized by adding axial fertile salt and a graphite reflector,the influences of ~7li enrichment on Th-U breeding are investigated,aiming to provide a feasible selection for the molten salt with high fissile breeding and a relatively low technology requirement for ~7li *** the self-developed molten salt reactor reprocessing sequence based on SCALE6.1,the burn-up calculations with online reprocessing are carried *** are explored including BR,^(2.3)U production,double time(DT),spectrum,~6li inventory,neutron absorption,and the tritium *** results show that the li enrichment of 99.95% is appropriate in the fast fission *** this case,BR above 1.10 can be achieved for a long time,corresponding to the ^(2.3)U production of130 kg per year and DT of 36 *** 80 years' operation,the tritium production for 99.5% is only about 7kg,and there is no obvious increase compared to that for 99.9995%.

关键词：繁殖率熔盐富集铀燃料裂变反应堆快堆在线处理负温度系数

Effects of fuel salt composition on fuel salt temperature coefficient(FSTC)for an under-moderated molten salt reactor(MSR)

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第8期29卷 126-135页

作者： Xiao-Xiao li Yu-Wen Ma cheng-{2. Yu Chun-Yan Zou Xiang-Zhou Cai Jin-Gen Chen Shanghai Institute of applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049China

With respect to a liquid-fueled molten salt reactor(MSR),the temperature coefficient of reactivity mainly includes the moderator temperature coefficient(MTC)and the fuel salt temperature coefficient(FSTC).The FSTC is typically divided into the Doppler coefficient and the density *** order to compensate for the potentially positive MTC,the FSTC should be sufficiently negative,and this is mostly optimized in terms of the geometry aspect in pioneering ***,the properties of fuel salt also directly influence the ***,the effects of different fuel salt compositions including the^(2.5)U enrichment,heavy metal proportion in salt phase(HM proportion),and the^7li enrichment on FSTC are investigated from the viewpoint of the essential six-factor *** analysis is based on an undermoderated *** respect to the Doppler coefficient,the temperature coefficient of the fast fission factors(a_T(ξ))is positive and those of the resonance escape probability(a_T(p)),thermal reproduction factor(a_T(g)),thermal utilization factor(a_T(f)),and total non-leakage probability(a_T(λ))are *** respect to the density coefficient,a_T(p)and a_T(g)are positive,while the others are *** results indicate that the effects of the^(2.5)U enrichment and HM on FSTC are mainly reflected in a_T(e)and a_T(p),which are the dominant factors when the neutron spectrum is relatively ***,the^7li enrichment influences FSTC by a_T(f)and a_T(λ),which are the key factors in a relative soft *** order to obtain a more negative FSTC for an under-moderated MSR,the possible positive density coefficient,especially its a_T(p),should be ***,a lower^(2.5)U enrichment(albeit higher than a certain value,5 wt%in this article)along with a lower HM proportion and/or a higher^7li enrichment are *** analyses provide an approach to achieve a more suitable fuel salt composition with a sufficiently negative FSTC.

关键词：液体燃料温度系数反应堆熔融盐节制 MTC MSR