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Three-stage niobium mineralization at Bayan Obo, china

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 102-110页

作者： Yan yu Yang li yu liu Xiao-Xiao ling li-Guang Wu li Yang Lan Yang Bo Yang Yong-gang Zhao Xian-Hua li state key laboratory of lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University Mining Research institute Baotou Iron and Steel(Group) Co.LTD state key laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Research and Comprehensive Utilization

The chinese Bayan Obo deposit is a world-class rare earth element(REE) deposit with considerable niobium(Nb) and iron(Fe) resources. A complete genetic understanding on all metals is fundamental for establishing genetic models at Bayan Obo. With extensive research being focused on REE enrichment, the timing and controls of Nb enrichment remain unresolved at Bayan Obo, which is mainly due to the challenges in dating, i.e. multistage thermal events, fine-grained minerals with complex textures and the rare occurrence of uranium-enriched minerals with mature dating methods. Based on robust geological and petrographic frameworks, here we conducted ion probe uranium-lead(U-Pb) dating of ferrocolumbite to unravel the timing, hence the genesis of Nb mineralization. Three types of hydrothermal ferrocolumbites—key Nb-bearing minerals—are identified based on their textures and mineral assemblages. They yield U-Pb ages of 1312 ± 47 Ma(n = 99), 438 ± 7 Ma(n = 93), and 268 ± 5 Ma(n = 19), respectively. In line with deposit geology, we tentatively link the first, second and third stage Nb mineralization to Mesoproterozoic carbonatite magmatism, ubiquitous early Paleozoic hydrothermal activity, and Permian granitic magmatism, respectively. While quantifying the contribution of metal endowment from each stage requires further investigation, our new dates highlight that multi-stage mineralization is critical for Nb enrichment at Bayan Obo, which may also have implications for the enrichment mechanism of Nb in REE deposits in general.

关键词： niobium mineralization U-Pb dating ferrocolumbite Bayan Obo

Stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution during the Cryogenian-Ediacaran transition in northeastern Sichuan Basin,South china

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 823-835页

作者： Yi Zhang Hong-Wei Kuang Yong-Qing liu Qiang Shi Dong-Ge Wang Ke-Ning Qi yu-Chong Wang Da-Wei Qiao Xiao-Shuai Chen li-Zhi Wu Meng Tian Long Chen Yi Wei liao-yuan Song Jian li Zi-gang Wu yun-Qian liu Xuan-Chun liu An-Qing Chen Zhi-Wei liao institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100037China state key laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control School of Resources and Safety EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China No.205 Geological Team Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals ExplorationChongqing401121China Chongqing institute of Geological Survey Chongqing401122China key laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina

The northeastern Sichuan area in the northern Yangtze margin has unique Ediacaran geological records,especially the Doushantuo Formation(DST),and become a hot research area in recent ***,the Cryogenian-Ediacaran(C-E)boundary has not been precisely identified,which restricts the in-depth study of geological information during this crucial transitional period and is unfavorable for a systematic and complete understanding of the Yangtze Block and even the global paleogeographic *** study conducted stratigraphy,sedimentology,and chronostratigraphy to establish the stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the C-E transition strata in northeastern *** results showed that the Ediacaran sediments,without the cap dolomite,unconformably overlaid the Cryogenian sediments in the studied *** Member II of the DST,characterized by 50-160 m of red-green sandstone(approximately equivalent to the original Chengkou“Guanyinya Formation”),directly overlaid the Cryogenian sediments and displayed a 623±2.3 Ma maximum depositional age from the detrital zircon U-Pb *** stratigraphic correlations indicate that the C-E transition strata in northeastern Sichuan had a consistent lithological association and sedimentary sequence characteristics but differed from the Three ***,the upper Nantuo massive glacial diamictites transition to the icebergs rafted lonestone-bearing mudstones at the top,then change upward to DST barrier coast *** proposed DST of the northeastern Sichuan Basin was divided into three lithostratigraphic members without the regional Member I cap dolomite:(i)Member II purple-red,gray-green sandstone strata,(ii)MemberⅢblack mudstone strata,and(iii)Member IV P-Mn bearing *** the C-E transition,the study area experienced(i)the global deglaciation stage in the terminal Marinoan glaciation and(ii)the filling-leveling up stage with clastic rocks in the early ***,the early Ediacaran

关键词： Marinoan glaciation Doushantuo formation Cap dolomite Deglacial and coastal deposits Detrital zircon U-Pb dating

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地球宜居性的深部驱动机制

科学通报 2024年第2期69卷 169-183页

作者：徐义刚黄小龙王强王煜李高军刘耘毛河光倪怀玮朱茂炎中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室广州510640 南京大学地球科学与工程学院南京210023 中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 北京高压科学研究中心北京100094 中国科学技术大学中国科学院壳幔物质与环境重点实验室合肥230026 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物和地层学国家重点实验室南京210080

除与太阳之间的距离和行星的大小有关外,地球之所以宜居的一个重要因素是其拥有动力十足的地球内部.与地球宜居性是地球表生作用结果的传统认识不同,本文认为地球深部驱动着对宜居环境至关重要的外部层圈,并提出地球内外层圈间的联动机... 详细信息

除与太阳之间的距离和行星的大小有关外,地球之所以宜居的一个重要因素是其拥有动力十足的地球内部.与地球宜居性是地球表生作用结果的传统认识不同,本文认为地球深部驱动着对宜居环境至关重要的外部层圈,并提出地球内外层圈间的联动机制是地球系统科学研究的突破口.在调研和评述的基础上,本文建议未来研究需要关注早期地球、地磁场、深地挥发分循环、超级火山、深地新化学反应和地质空调器等方向,围绕地球宜居性的深部驱动机制这一主题,开展地球固体层圈与流体层圈的整合研究,助力我国地球科学研究从单一学科研究向多学科交叉融合研究的转变,推动我国固体地球科学从跟踪前沿向开拓前沿的跨越式发展.

关键词：地球宜居性深部引擎深地过程层圈相互作用地球系统科学

Characteristics of strong earthquake evolution around the eastern boundary faults of the Sichuan-yunnan rhombic block

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1716-1729页

作者： CHENG Jia liU Jie GAN WeiJun yu HuaiZhong li gang china Earthquake Network Center Beijing 100045 China state key laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

Based on the existing materials of fault segmentation,characteristic earthquakes,and their empirical relationships,we calculated the parameters of the fault segments,such as length,width,magnitudes of characteristic earthquakes,*** by GPS velocity field,the slip rates of these fault segments in depth were inversed using the 3-D half-space elastic dislocation *** not all of the recurrence periods and co-seismic displacements of characteristic earthquakes are known,we selected the fault segments with these two parameters known and calculated the accumulation rate of average co-seismic displacement,which shows the faults' slip rate in seismogenic ***,the slip rate in depth was compared with that in seismogenic layer,the relationship between them was obtained,and this relationship was used to get the recurrence periods and co-seismic displacements of all fault *** the studies above,we calculated the co-seismic deformation field of all the earthquakes larger than M s 6.8 from AD 1700 one by one and inversed the potential displacement in the co-seismic deformation ***,we divided the potential displacement by the slip rate from GPS inversion to get the influences of these fault segments,added the influences into the elapsed time of the characteristic earthquakes,and obtained the earthquake hazard degree of all the segments we studied in the form of the ratio of elapsed time to recurrence period;so,we name the ratio as the Impending Earthquake Risk (IER).Historical earthquake cases show that the fault segment is in safety when the IER is less than 1 but in danger after the IER becomes larger than *** 2009,the IER is larger than 1 on the following segments,1.35 on the Tagong segment of Xianshuihe fault,1 on the Menggu-Dongchuan segment,1.04 on the Dongchuan-Xundian segment,and 1.09 on the Yiliang-Chengjiang segment of Xiaojiang fault.

关键词： eastern boundary faults of Sichuan-yunnan rhombic block fault segment characteristic earthquake recurrence period earthquake Interaction Impending Earthquake Risk

Rapid screening of Zr-containing particles from Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples for isotope geochronology:Technical roadmap for future study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 68-78页

作者： Jin-Hua li Qiu-li li liang Zhao Jin-Hai Zhang Xu Tang li-Xin Gu Qian Guo Hong-Xia Ma Qin Zhou Yan liu Pei-yu liu Hao Qiu gang li lin Gu Shun Guo Chun-Lai li Xian-Hua li Fu-yuan Wu Yong-Xin Pan key laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state key laboratory of lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China key laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceYuquan Road 19BShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Beijing National laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

New samples returned by china Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity,space weathering,and regolith *** age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be ***,the precious samples,most in the micrometer size range,challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk ***,we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis(μXRF).The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),3D X-ray microscopy(XRM),and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)techniques,which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry(SIMS).Such protocol could be also appli-cable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific *** there-fore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic *** various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instru-ments together,this workflow consists of six steps:(1)single-particle selection with non-destructive μXRF technique,(2)2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods,(3)SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle,(4)a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses(e.g.,SEM,electron probe microanalysis,and SIMS)on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural,mineralogical,chemical,and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale,(5)advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of inter-est in

关键词： Chang’e-5 lunar samples Zr-containing particles mXRF Correlative workflow Technical roadmap Extraterrestrial samples

geology and mineralization of the Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-type REE-Nb-Fe deposit in Inner Mongolia, china: A review

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china geology 2023年第4期6卷 716-750,I0004,I0005页

作者： Yi-ke li Chang-hui Ke Hong-quan She Deng-hong Wang Cheng Xu An-jian Wang Rui-ping li Zi-dong Peng Ze-ying Zhu Kui-feng Yang Wei Chen Jian-wei Zi Wen-lei Song Yong-gang Zhao li Zhang Hong yu Bin Guo Sheng-quan Zhou Xing-yu yuan Jing-yao liu MNR key laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China John de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityBentleyWA 6102Australia state key laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Bayan Obo Iron Mine Baotou Steel(Group)Co.Ltd.Inner MongoliaBaotou 014080China

The Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-related rare-earth-element-niobium-iron(REE-Nb-Fe) endogenetic deposit(thereafter as the Bayan Obo deposit), located at 150 km north of Baotou City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is the largest rare-earth element(REE) resource in the world. Tectonically,this deposit is situated on the northern margin of the North china Craton and adjacent to the Xing’anMongolian orogenic belt to the south. The main strata within the mining area include the Neoarchean Se’ertengshan Group and the Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Generally, the rare earth, niobium, and iron mineralization within the deposit are intrinsically related to the dolomite carbonatites and the extensive alteration of the country rocks caused by the carbonatite magma intrusion. The alteration of country rocks can be categorized into three types: contact metasomatism(anti-skarn and skarn alteration), fenitization,and hornfelsic alternation. As indicated by previous studies and summarized in this review, the multielement mineralization at Bayan Obo is closely associated with the metasomatic replacement of siliceous country rocks by carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The metasomatic process is comparable to the conventional skarnification that formed due to the intrusion of intermediate-acid magmatic rocks into limestone strata. However, the migration pattern of Si O2, Ca O, and Mg O in this novel metasomatic process is opposite to the skarn alteration. Accordingly, this review delineates, for the first time, an antiskarn metallogenic model for the Bayan Obo deposit, revealing the enigmatic relationship between the carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal processes and the related iron and rare earth ***, this study also contributes to a better understanding of the REE-Nd-Fe metallogenetic processes and the related fluorite mineralization at the Bayan Obo deposit.

关键词： Rare earth elements Niobium ore Iron ore Fluorite ore Igneous carbonatite Fenitization Metasomatism Anti-skarn Bayan Obo

Uplift, climate and biotic changes at the Eocene-Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 495-504页

作者： Tao Su Robert A.Spicer Shi-Hu li He Xu Jian Huang Sarah Sherlock Yong-Jiang Huang Shu-Feng li li Wang lin-Bo Jia Wei-yu-Dong Deng Jia liu Cheng-Long Deng Shi-Tao Zhang Paul J.Valdes Zhe-Kun Zhou key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences state key laboratory of paleobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open UniversityMK7 6AA UK Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University institute of geology and paleontology Linyi University key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences state key laboratory of lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Geographical sciences and Cabot institute University of Bristol

The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse, but threatened, Asian biota. Here, with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives, we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene(～34 Ma) to be ～3 km and rising, possibly attaining its present elevation(3.9 km) in the early Oligocene. We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate, likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change, and that, by the latest Eocene, floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place, implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene.

关键词： biodiversity Eocene Oligocene plant fossil Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift

The first shrimp preserved in mid-cretaceous Kachin amber:systematics,palaeoecology,and taphonomy

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Science Bulletin 2021年第17期66卷 1723-1726,M0003页

作者： lida Xing yu liu Ryan C.McKellar Javier Luque gang li Yanping Wang Qiru Yi Rui Sun Enze Wang Denis Audo state key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China yunnan key laboratory for Palaeobiology Institute of PalaeontologyYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China MEC International Joint laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Royal Saskatchewan Museum ReginaSaskatchewan S4P 4W7Canada Biology Department University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewan S4S 0A2Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrence KS 66045USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridge MA 02138USA Department of Earth&Planetary sciences Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520-8109USA Smithsonian Tropical Research institute Balboa-Ancon 0843-03092Panama institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China state key laboratory of Palaeobiology and stratigraphy Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentNanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie Sorbonne UniversitéMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleParis F-75005France

Amber from Kachin,Myanmar offers a unique window into mid-Cretaceous ecosystems because it provides large sample sets that span a wide range of taxa preserved in exquisite detail at approximately 99 Ma[1].A fringe benefit of such extensive sampling is that inclusions rarely captured in other amber deposits are represented in Kachin amber—even subaquatic *** studies have documented inclusions of fully marine groups,such as ammonites[2]and bivalves[3].

关键词：琥珀古生态学虾类海洋环境菊石类同步辐射系统学动物化石

Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol particles during wintertime in a northwest city of china using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometry

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Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol particles dur...