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Surface effects of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles on the redox reactions between ferricyanide and thiosulfate

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Science china chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 424-430页

作者： li di1, sun chunyan1, huang yunjie1, li jinghong1,2.& chen shaowei3.1. state key laboratory of electroanalytical chemistry, changchun institute of applied chemistry, chinese academy of sciences, changchun 13.02., china 2. Department of chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china 3. Department of chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 1. state key laboratory of electroanalytical chemistry changchun institute of applied chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 130022 Changchun China 2. Department of chemistry Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China 3. Department of chemistry University of California 95064 Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA

Electron transfer through the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold nanopar-ticles is investigated by using the monolayer protected gold nanoclusters (MPCs) as elec-tron-transfer mediators. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 11-meraptoundecanoic acid (MUA) MPCs were employed to catalyze the redox reaction between potassium ferricyanide and sodium thiosulfate. The catalytic mechanism was proposed that the MPCs act as diffusing elec-tron-mediators and electron transfers to and from the MPCs surface. Therefore the electron transfer rate through the capping layers would be proportional to the MPCs catalyzed reaction rate, which was monitored by the UV absorbance of ferricyanide. The calculated apparent rate constant was orders of magnitude smaller than that of the maximum of tunneling current, which was attributed to the splited energy level of the nanoscale particles.

关键词： electron transfer, three-dimensional self-assembled monolayers, redox reaction, electron transfer mediator, surface effect.

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Quantum computational advantage via 60-qubit 24-cycle random circuit sampling

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Science Bulletin 2022年第3期67卷 240-245页

作者： Qingling Zhua Sirui Cao Fusheng chen Ming-cheng chen Xiawei chen Tung-Hsun Chung Hui Deng Yajie Du Daojin Fan Ming Gong cheng Guo Chu Guo Shaojun Guo lianchen Han linyin Hong He-liang huang Yong-Heng Huo liping li Na li shaowei li Yuan li Futian liang Chun lin Jin lin Haoran Qian Dan Qiao Hao Rong Hong Su lihua sun liangyuan Wang Shiyu Wang Dachao Wu Yulin Wu Yu Xu Kai Yan Weifeng Yang Yang Yang Yangsen Ye Jianghan Yin Chong Ying Jiale Yu chen Zha Cha Zhang Haibin Zhang Kaili Zhang Yiming Zhang Han Zhao Youwei Zhao liang Zhou Chao-Yang Lu cheng-Zhi Peng Xiaobo Zhu Jian-Wei Pan Hefei National laboratory for Physical sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaShanghai 201315China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum sciences Shanghai 201315China QuantumCTek Co. Ltd.Hefei 230026China Henan key laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Zhengzhou 450000China Shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China

To ensure a long-term quantum computational advantage,the quantum hardware should be upgraded to withstand the competition of continuously improved classical algorithms and ***,we demonstrate a superconducting quantum computing systems Zuchongzhi 2.1,which has 66 qubits in a two-dimensional array in a tunable coupler *** readout fidelity of Zuchongzhi 2.1 is considerably improved to an average of 97.74%.The more powerful quantum processor enables us to achieve larger-scale random quantum circuit sampling,with a system scale of up to 60 qubits and 24 cycles,and fidelity of FXEB=(3·66±0·345)×10^(-4).The achieved sampling task is about 6 orders of magnitude more difficult than that of Sycamore[Nature 574,505(2019)]in the classic simulation,and 3 orders of magnitude more difficult than the sampling task on Zuchongzhi 2.0[arXiv:2106.14734(2021)].The time consumption of classically simulating random circuit sampling experiment using state-of-the-art classical algorithm and supercomputer is extended to tens of thousands of years(about 4·8×104years),while Zuchongzhi 2.1 only takes about 4.2 h,thereby significantly enhancing the quantum computational advantage.

关键词： Quantum physics Quantum computation Quantum information Superconducting quantum computing Superconducting qubit

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