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Changes in annual CO_2 fluxes estimated from inventory data in South Korea

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2002年第Z1期45卷 87-96页

作者： lee Dowon Yook Keun Hyung lee Dongseon Kang Sinkyu Kang Hojeong Lim Jong Hwan lee kyeong hak Environmental Planning Institute Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea School of Forestry University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 120-750 Korea Division of Forest Ecology Korea Forest Research Institute Seoul 130-712 Korea Division of Forest Resources Korea Forest Research Institute Seoul 130-712 Korea

Using a slightly modified IPCC method, we examined changes in annual fluxes of CO2 and contributions of energy consumption, limestone use, waste combustion, land-use change, and forest growth to the fluxes in South Korea from 1990to 1997. Our method required less data and resulted in a larger estimate of CO2released by industrial processes, comparing with the original IPCC guideline. However, net CO2 emission is not substantially different from the estimates of IPCC and modified methods. Net CO2 emission is intimately related to GDP as Koreaneconomy has heavily relied on energy consumption and industrial activities, which are major sources of CO2. Total efflux of CO2 was estimated to be 63.6 Tg C/ain 1990 and amounted to 112.9 Tg C/a in 1997. Land-use change contributed to annual budget of CO2 in a relatively small portion. Carbon dioxide was sequesteredby forest biomass at the rate of 6.5 Tg C/a in 1990 and 8.5 Tg C/a in 1997. Although CO2 storage in the forests increased, the sink effect was overwhelmed by extensive energy consumption, suggesting that energy-saving strategies will be more effective in reducing CO2 emission in Korea than any other practices. It is presumed that plant uptake of CO2 is underestimated as carbon contained in plant detritus and belowground living biomass were not fully considered. Furthermore, the soil organic carbon stored in forest decomposes in various ways in rugged mountains depending on their conditions, such as slope, aspect and elevation, which could have an effect on decomposition rate and carbon stores in soils. Thus, carbon sequestration of forests deserves further attention.

关键词： CO2 emission and removal, energy consumption, forest regrowth, land use, simplified IPCC method.

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韩国赤松林龄序列的生物量及碳氮储量

中国科学：生命科学 2010年第7期40卷 620-620页

作者： NOH Nam Jin SON Yowhan lee Sue Kyoung SEO Kyung Won HEO Su Jin YI Myong-Jong PARK Pil Sun KIM Rae Hyun SON Yeong Mo lee kyeong hak Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul 136-713 Korea Korea Forest Research Institute Seoul 130-712 Korea Department of Forest Resources Kangwon National University Chunchon 200-701 Korea Department of Forest Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Korea

调查了韩国6种不同林龄（10,27,30,32,44和71年生）赤松林（Pinus densiflora）的生物量、碳含量和氮含量.采用收割法采集30株个体作为样本,其中有12株挖掘了全部的根系,采集植物体地上、地下部分、凋落物（CWD）、地被物及矿质土壤样品... 详细信息

调查了韩国6种不同林龄（10,27,30,32,44和71年生）赤松林（Pinus densiflora）的生物量、碳含量和氮含量.采用收割法采集30株个体作为样本,其中有12株挖掘了全部的根系,采集植物体地上、地下部分、凋落物（CWD）、地被物及矿质土壤样品（0-30cm）进行分析.结果显示,树木生物量最大的是林龄71年生的样地（202.8t/ha）,最小的是林龄10年生的样地（18.4t/ha）;林龄71年生样地的矿质土壤碳、氮储量均高于其他样地,这可能与该样地较高的土壤碳、氮密度有关.生态系统总碳、氮储量从林龄10年生的样地（18.8tC/ha和1.3tN/ha）到林龄71年生的样地（201.4tC/ha和8.5tN/ha）逐渐增高.生态系统总碳储量和树木碳储量都呈现出随着林龄S型增长的趋势,而凋落物、地被物和矿质土壤的氮含量则未显示出随林龄变化而显著变化的趋势.本结果对了解赤松林碳、氮储量的现状及预测未来的生长变化提供有效依据.

关键词：林龄序列异速生长方程生物量碳氮赤松

Bayesian meta-analysis of regional biomass factors for Quercus mongolica forests in South Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 875-885页

作者： Tzeng Yih Lam Xiaodong Li Rae Hyun Kim kyeong hak lee Yeong Mo Son Division of Forest Management Department of Forest and Climate Change Korea Forest Research Institute57 Hoegiro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-712 South Korea School of Forestry and Resource Conservation National Taiwan University

Indirect approaches to estimation of biomass factors are often applied to measure carbon flux in the forestry sector. An assumption underlying a country-level carbon stock estimate is the representativeness of these factors. Although intensive studies have been conducted to quantify biomass factors, each study typically covers a limited geographic area. The goal of this study was to employ a meta-analysis approach to develop regional bio- mass factors for Quercus mongolica forests in South Korea. The biomass factors of interest were biomass conversion and expansion factor （BCEF）, biomass expansion factor （BEF） and root-to-shoot ratio （RSR）. Our objectives were to select probability density functions （PDFs） that best fitted the three biomass factors and to quantify their means and uncertainties. A total of 12 scientific publications were selected as data sources based on a set of criteria. Fromthese publications we chose 52 study sites spread out across South Korea. The statistical model for the meta- analysis was a multilevel model with publication （data source） as the nesting factor specified under the Bayesian framework. Gamma, Log-normal and Weibull PDFs were evaluated. The Log-normal PDF yielded the best quanti- tative and qualitative fit for the three biomass factors. However, a poor fit of the PDF to the long right tail of observed BEF and RSR distributions was apparent. The median posterior estimates for means and 95 % credible intervals for BCEF, BEF and RSR across all 12 publica- tions were 1.016 （0.800-1.299）, 1.414 （1.304-1.560） and 0.260 （0.200-0.335）, respectively. The Log-normal PDF proved useful for estimating carbon stock of Q. mongolica forests on a regional scale and for uncertainty analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis Monte Carlosimulation Bayesian hierarchical model Nestingstructure Biomass estimation

基于图像处理技术的生物反应器浓度检测系统的开发

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上海水产大学学报 2007年第5期16卷 509-512页

作者：许哲陈洪武 hak kyeong Kim Sang Bong Kim 上海水产大学工程学院上海200090 釜庆大学工程学院韩国釜山608739

发酵过程生物参数的在线检测,是获得发酵过程生物信息的重要手段,也是进行合理最优控制的基础。但是,目前许多生物量只能离线检测,不能够为实时的控制系统利用。因此提出了基于图像处理技术的生物反应器浓度在线检测系统,系统由反应液... 详细信息

发酵过程生物参数的在线检测,是获得发酵过程生物信息的重要手段,也是进行合理最优控制的基础。但是,目前许多生物量只能离线检测,不能够为实时的控制系统利用。因此提出了基于图像处理技术的生物反应器浓度在线检测系统,系统由反应液循环与控制装置、反应液浓度光学检测装置、图像采集与处理装置、计算机以及相应的处理软件组成。通过与分光光度计的实验比较,证实了所设计的系统可以用于生物反应器浓度的在线测量,为实现发酵过程生物参数的在线检测提供了值得借鉴的设计思路和实现方法。

关键词：发酵过程生物参数图像处理浓度在线检测