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Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 217-230页

作者： Muhammad Soban Khan Mushtaq Ali Song Ha lee Keun Young Jang Seong Jae lee Jinsoo Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-roBuk-guGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Suwon17 Wauan-gilBongdam-eupHwaseongGyeonggi 18323Republic of Korea

Most microfluidic separation techniques rely largely on object size as a separation *** ability to separate micro-objects based on their shape is crucial in various biomedical and chemical ***,we develop an ondemand,label-free acoustofluidic method to separate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force and *** freely rotating non-spherical microobjects were aligned under the progressive acoustic field by the counterrotating radiation torque,and the major axis of the prolate ellipsoids was parallel to the progressive wave *** specific alignment of the ellipsoidal particles resulted in a reduction in the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the wave *** a consequence,the acoustic backscattering decreased,resulting in a decreased magnitude of the radiation *** the variation in radiation force,which depended on the micro-object morphology enabled the acoustofluidic shape-based *** conducted numerical simulations for the wave scattering of spherical and prolate objects to elucidate the working mechanism underlying the proposed method.A series of experiments with polystyrene microspheres,prolate ellipsoids,and peanut-shaped microparticles were performed for *** quantitative analysis of the separation efficiency,we confirmed the high purity and high recovery rate of the proposed acoustofluidic shapebased separation of *** a bioparticle,we utilize Thalassiosira eccentrica to perform shape-based separation,as the species has a variety of potential applications in drug delivery,biosensing,nanofabrication,bioencapsulation and immunoisolation.

关键词： separation spherical rotating

Adverse effects of early-life stress:focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 336-341页

作者： Seung Hyun lee Eui-Man Jung Department of Molecular Biology College of Natural SciencesPusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea

Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health *** the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout *** body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external *** individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory *** process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and *** rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during *** paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.

关键词： early-life stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis maternal separation mental illness neurodevelopmental disorder neuroendocrine system neurotransmitter

Microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging:super-resolution,non-destructive metrology for semiconductor devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1098-1111页

作者： Jangryul Park Youngsun Choi Soonyang Kwon Youngjun lee Jiwoong Kim Jae-joon Kim Jihye lee Jeongho Ahn Hidong Kwak Yusin Yang Taeyong Jo Myungjun lee Kwangrak Kim Metrology and Inspection Equipment R&D Team Mechatronics ResearchSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department DRAM Process Development TeamSemiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department Semiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea

As semiconductor devices shrink and their manufacturing processes advance,accurately measuring in-cell critical dimensions(CD)becomes increasingly *** test element group(TEG)measurements are becoming inadequate for representing the fine,repetitive patterns in cell *** non-destructive metrology technologies like optical critical dimension(OCD)are limited due to their large spot diameter of approximately 25μm,which impedes their efficacy for detailed in-cell structural ***,there is a pressing need for small-spot and non-destructive metrology *** address this limitation,we demonstrate a microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging(MAHSI)system,specifically designed for small spot optical metrology with *** microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging,this system achieves an optical resolution of 66 nm within a field of view of 5.6μm×5.6μ*** approach effectively breaks the diffraction limit,significantly enhancing the magnification of the *** MAHSI system incorporating hyperspectral imaging with a wavelength range of 400–790 nm,enables the capture of the reflection spectrum at each camera *** achieved pixel resolution,which is equivalent to the measuring spot size,is 14.4 nm/pixel and the magnification is *** MAHSI system enables measurement of local uniformity in critical areas like corners and edges of DRAM cell blocks,areas previously challenging to inspect with conventional OCD *** our knowledge,this approach represents the first global implementation of microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging to address the metrology challenges in complex 3D structures of semiconductor devices.

关键词： metrology resolution enable

Amorphous BaTiO3 Electron Transport Layer for Thermal Equilibrium-Governed γ-CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 19.96%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 295-306页

作者： Changhyun lee Chanyong lee Kyungjin Chae Taemin Kim Seaeun Park Yohan Ko Yongseok Jun Department of Energy Environment Policy and Technology Graduate School of Energy Environment(KU-KIST Green School)Korea University Nano Electronic Materials and Components Research Center Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI) Energy Materials Research Center Clean Energy Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)

Compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,the cesium-based allinorganic lead halide perovskite （CsPbI3） is a promising light absorber for perovskite solar cells owing to its higher resistance to thermal ***,additional research is required to reduce the nonradiative recombination to realize the full potential of ***,the diffusion of Cs ions participating in ion exchange is proposed to be an important factor responsible for the bulk defects in γ-*** based on first-principles density functional theory reveal that the [PbI6]4-octahedral tilt modifies the perovskite crystallographic properties in γ-CsPbI3,leading to alterations in its bandgap and crystal *** addition,by substituting amorphous barium titanium oxide （a-BaTiO3） for TiO2as the electron transport layer,interfacial defects caused by imperfect energy levels between the electron transport layer and perovskite are ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrate that a-BaTiO3forms entirely as a single phase,as opposed to Ba-doped TiO2hybrid nanoclusters or separate domains of TiO2and ***,inorganic perovskite solar cells based on the a-BaTiO3electron transport layer achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.96%.

关键词： amorphous BaTiO3 electron transport layer moisture γ-CsPbI3

Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： S.W.Wi Y.S.lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdNbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence Sensitizer Rare earths

Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Durable Electrodes in Direct CO_(2) Electrolysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 214-230页

作者： Akromjon Akhmadjonov Kyung Taek Bae Kang Taek lee Department of Mechanical Engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea KAIST Graduate School of Green Growth and Sustainability Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOECs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense *** tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning *** consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) *** SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based *** twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)*** present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOECs.

关键词： Nanofibers Fuel electrodes Digital twinning CO_(2)reduction reaction Solid oxide electrolysis cells

Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo Seung Chan Kim Chan Hee Ryu Kang Mun lee Jae-Min Kim Jun Yeob lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(SESH)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** SESH assisted fluorescence(SESHF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the SESHF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the SESHF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

Effect of Meteorological Data Assimilation on Regional Air Quality Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 262-284页

作者： Yunjae CHO Hyun Mee KIM Eun-Gyeong YANG Yonghee lee Jae-Bum lee Soyoung HA Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Air Quality Forecasting Center National Institute of Environmental ResearchIncheon 22689Republic of Korea National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80305USA University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD 21250USA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),a type of online coupled chemistry-meteorology model(CCMM),considers the interaction between air quality and meteorology to improve air quality *** data assimilation(DA)can be used to reduce uncertainty in meteorological field,which is one factor causing prediction uncertainty in the *** this study,WRF-Chem and three-dimensional variational DA were used to examine the impact of meteorological DA on air quality and meteorological forecasts over the Korean *** nesting model domains were configured over East Asia(outer domain)and the Korean Peninsula(inner domain).Three experiments were conducted by using different DA domains to determine the optimal model domain for the meteorological *** the meteorological DA was performed in the outer domain or both the outer and inner domains,the root-mean-square error(RMSE),bias of the predicted particulate matter(PM)concentrations,and the RMSE of predicted meteorological variables against the observations were smaller than those in the experiment where the meteorological DA was performed only in the inner *** indicates that the improvement of the synoptic meteorological fields by DA in the outer domain enhanced the meteorological initial and boundary conditions for the inner domain,subsequently improving air quality and meteorological *** to the experiment without meteorological DA,the RMSE and bias of the meteorological and PM variables were smaller in the experiments with *** effect of meteorological DA on the improvement of PM predictions lasted for approximately 58-66 h,depending on the ***,the uncertainty reduction in the meteorological initial condition by the meteorological DA contributed to a reduction of the forecast errors of both meteorology and air quality.

关键词： meteorological data assimilation regional air quality forecast particulate matter concentration optimal model domain forecast error WRF-Chem

A Simple Embedding Method for the Laplace-Beltrami Eigenvalue Problem onImplicit Surfaces

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1189-1216页

作者： Young Kyu lee Shingyu Leung Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

We propose a simple embedding method for computing the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on implicit *** approach follows an embedding approach for solving the surface eikonal *** replace the differential operator on the interface with a typical Cartesian differential operator in the surface *** proposed algorithm is easy to implement and *** will give some two-and three-dimensional numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

关键词： Laplace-Beltrami operator Level set method Implicit representation Eigenvalues Numerical PDEs