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Numerical Simulation of the Genesis of Typhoon Durian (2001) over the South China Sea:the Effect of Sea Surface Temperature

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2010年第2期9卷 99-115页

作者： WANG Lei lau kai-hon FUNG Chi-Hung Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China Institute for the Environment Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China

Typhoon Durian (2001),which formed over the South China Sea (SCS),was simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The genesis of typhoon Durian which formed in the monsoon trough was reproduced by numerical simulations. The simulated results agree reasonably well with observations. Two numerical experiments in which the sea surface temperature (SST) was either decreased or increased were performed to investigate the impact of the SST on the genesis of the ty-phoon. When the SST was decreased by 5℃ uniformly for all grids in the model,the winds calculated became divergent in the lower troposphere and convergent in the upper troposphere,creating conditions in which the amount of total latent heat release (TLHR) was low and the tropical cyclone (TC) could not be formed. This simulation shows the importance of the convergence in the lower tropo-sphere and the divergence in the upper troposphere for the genesis of the initial vortex. When the SST was increased by 1℃ uni-formly for all grids,a stronger typhoon was generated in the results with an increase of about 10 m s-1 in the maximum surface wind speed. Only minor differences in intensity were noted during the first 54 h in the simulation with the warmer SST,but apparent dif-ferences in intensity occurred after 54 h when the vortex began to strengthen to typhoon strength. This experiment shows that warmer SST will speed the strengthening from tropical storm strength to typhoon strength and increase the maximum intensity reached,while only minor impact can be seen during the earlier stage of genesis before the TC reaches the tropical storm strength. The results sug-gest that the amount of TLHR may be the dominant factor in determining the formation and the intensification of the TC.

关键词：海表面温度数值模拟 Sea 成因中国榴莲台风

The Upper Ocean Thermal Structure and the Genesis Locations of Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第2期6卷 125-131页

作者： WANG Lei Fung Chi-Hung lau kai-hon Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR P. R. China Institute for the Environment Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR P. R. China

The relationship between the upper ocean thermal structure and the genesis locations of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated by using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track archives and high resolution (1/4 degree) temperature analyses of the world's oceans in this paper. In the monthly mean genesis positions of TCs from 1945 to 2005 in the SCS, the mean sea surface temperature (SST) was 28.8℃ and the mean depth of 26℃ water was 53.1 m. From the monthly distribution maps of genesis positions of TCs, SST and the depth of 26℃ water in the SCS, we discovered that there existed regions with SST exceeding 26℃ and 26℃ water depth exceeding 50 m where no tropical cyclones formed from 1945 to 2005 in the SCS, which suggests that there were other factors unfavorable for TC formation in these regions.

关键词：中国南海热带气旋上层海洋热力结构形成地点

Features of Ocean Surface Winds Observed by the QuikSCAT Satellite Before Tropical Cyclogenesis over the South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2008年第3期7卷 241-245页

作者： WANG Lei lau kai-hon FUNG Chi-Hung ZHANG Qinghong Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China Institute for the Environment Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China

Ocean surface winds observed by the Quick Scatterometer(QuikSCAT) satellite prior to the geneses of 36 tropical cy-clones(TCs) in the South China Sea(SCS) are investigated in this paper. The results show that there are areas with negative mean horizontal divergence around the TC genesis locations three days prior to TC formation. The divergence term [-(f+ζ)(u/x+v/y) ] in the vorticity equation is calculated based upon the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind data. The calculated mean divergence term is about 10.3 times the mean relative vorticity increase rate around the TC genesis position one day prior to TC genesis,which shows the important contributions of the divergence term to the vorticity increase prior to TC formation. It is suggested that criteria related with the divergence and divergence term be applied in early detections of tropical cyclogenesis using the QuikSCAT satellite data.

关键词：海洋表面热带风暴中国

Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and Doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 311-321页

作者： Lea Ling-Yu Kan Ben Chung-Lap Chan Grace Gar-Lee Yue LI Pei-ting Sharon Sze-Man hon HUANG Dan-qi Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Clara Bik-San lau Ping-Chung Leung Chun-Kwok Wong Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM CollegeRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong SARHong KongChina

Objective To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula(4HF)and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line,4T1 cells,was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary glands.Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups(n=11 in ench):naive,control,LD 4HF(low dose 4HF),HD 4HF(high dose 4HF),LD 4HF+D(low dose and doxorubicin),and D(doxorubicin).Apart from the naive group,each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5×10^(5)4T1 cells resuspended in 100µL of normal saline in the mammary fat pads.Starting from the day of tumor cell inoculation,tumors were grown for 6 days.The LD and HD groups received daily oral gavage of 658 and 2,630 mg/kg 4HF,respectively.The LD 4HF+D group received daily oral gavage of 658 mg/kg 4HF and weekly intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The D group received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The treatment naive mice received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double distilled water and 0.1 mL normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once a week.The control group received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double-distilled water.The treatment period was 30 days.At the end of treatment,mice organs were harvested to analyze immunological activities via immunophenotyping,gene and multiplex analysis,histological staining,and gut microbiota analysis.Results Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens(P<0.05),altered the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape,and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological activities.Moreover,immunosuppressive genes,cytokines,and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated(P<0.05).4HF-doxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective in activating the anti-tumor immune response(P<

关键词： adjunctivetherapy breast cancer cytokines Chinese medicine tumor microenvironment

Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： Yang Song Harry CH lau Xiang Zhang Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy.The interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression.Under normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs.The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis.Of note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC development.Therefore,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC.Additionally,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered bacteria.In summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

Material characterization and inter/intra-particle validation for DEM simulation of urea coating process

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 32-48页

作者： Salma A.Nouh KuZilati KuShaari lau Kok Keong Shafirah Samsuri Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerak Darul RidzuanMalaysia

Particle coating is a common operation in the controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) industry,where a coating layer is appliedto the urea cores.A discrete element method (DEM) computer simulation was applied to model the coating process for the urea granules using measured model parameters.The accuracy of DEM input parameters for the coating material properties and the physical and mechanical characterizations of urea granules are crucial to the study of particle coating processes.Thus,to enhance the simulation accuracy,information on the material properties (urea granules) is required.In this study,the elasticity parameters,shear modulus ,coefficient of restitution (CoR),and coefficient of rolling and static friction (CoRF) and (CoSF) of urea granules are estimated experimentally in addition to the physical characteristics.The sensitivity of the angle of repose of the urea bed was investigated at different coefficients of friction.According to the obtained experimental value of the angle of repose,values of 0.2 and 0.3 for CoRF and CoSF,respectively,were adjusted to obtain consistent urea granules’ motion for simulation and the experiment.Moreover,the spray droplet sizes and velocity distributions were estimated using the video-imaging process technique.Based on this experimental characterization,elasticity parameters and spray properties were integrated into DEM simulation software as input data to perform numerical analysis of the coating process to compare simulation and experimental results,which show uniformity at three different pan speeds with a maximum deviation of 0.033 at 5 rpm.Also,consistency between DEM and experiment results was achieved in terms of average coating thickness (μm) of the selected samples and average intra-particle thickness variation ( CoV intra ).These results revealed that the coating film thickness is proportional to the rotation speed for the experiment and simulation.To enhance the inter-particle coating uniformity,the effects of the most significant parameters such as pan speed,f

关键词： Contact model Discrete element method Urea fertilizer Coating process

Wan-Yee Joseph lau:the promoter of modernization and internationalization of Chinese surgery

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 1-3页

作者： Wan-Yee Joseph lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

To my knowledge,there have been 3 books[1–3]and 2 book chapters written about me.[4–5]For those who are interested in the details of my life,please refer to these books/book chapters.The title of this article is an English translation of the title of the book I refer to as reference 1,which I find appropriate to describe the role that I play in China.

关键词： please details translation

Evolution of biomass particles during pelletization process

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 182-187页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Maryam Tajilrou Jun Sian Lee Kanages Singaraveloo Anthony lau Shahab Sokhansanj Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Pulverizing is an essential unit operation in co-firing biomass with coal.Pulverizers are only compatible with pellet forms of fibrous biomass materials and crush them down to their original forming particle sizes.That is why the data on the size distribution of the particles forming a biomass pellet is crucial to achieving optimum combustion conditions.The current study determines the internal particle size distribution of pellets after wet disintegration,following Iso 17830 standard,and aims to suggest improvements to the mentioned standard based on new measured evidence.Experiments were carried out on white wood pellets(no bark)and brown wood pellets containing bark at four water temperatures:20,40,60,and 95℃,with or without stirring.The particle size distribution of the pre-pelletizer wood particles was also measured and compared with particles in the formed pellets.Ambient water temperature of 20℃ was found to be adequate for the complete disintegration of pellets,and no mechanical stirring was required.About 30% of particles in the disintegrated pellets were 0.5-1.0 mm.Pelletization changes the particle size distribution to smaller particles.The disintegrated bark pellets contained more fines than white pellets.

关键词： Wood pellets Particle sizes distribution Wet disintegration Stirring Water temperature

A novel method for the green utilization of waste fried oil

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 1-11页

作者： Gan Cheng Mengni Zhang Yang Lu Yanhui Zhang Bin Lin Ee Von lau College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454003China Henan Key Laboratory for Green and Efficient Mining&Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454003China Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454003China School of Engineering Monash University MalaysiaSubang JayaSelangor47500Malaysia

Waste fried oil was studied to prepare three different types of detergent such as soap,liquid soap and soap powder via saponification process.The preparation conditions of soap base were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The specific preparation processes included waste fried oil treatment,orange peel extract preparation,saponification,demoulding and drying.Results showed that the optimal con-ditions for saponification were as follows:ratio of pure waste fried oil to coconut oil=6∶4,alkali liquor(NaOH)mass fraction 30%,saponification temperature 70℃,orange peel extract concentration 15%.The mature soap was then used to make liquid soap and soap powder by surfactant(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,coconut diethanol amide)addition,followed by grinding.The prepared detergent conforms to the production standard of strong decontamination ability,possesses stable performance,is gentle to skin and non-toxic.

关键词： Waste fried oil Detergent Saponification Decolorization