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MULTIFRACTAL STRUCTURE AND PRODUCT OF MATRICES

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2003年第4期19卷 289-311页

作者： lau ka-sing Department of Mathematics Chinese University of Hong Kong

There is a well established multifractal theory for self-similar measures generated by non-overlapping contractive similutudes. Our report here concerns those with overlaps. In particular we restrict our attention to the important classes of self-similar measures that have matrix representations. The dimension spectra and the L q -spectra are analyzed through the product of matrices. There are abnormal behaviors on the multifractal structure and they will be discussed in detail.

关键词： multifractal self-similar measure iterated function system dimension spectra

Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： Yang Song Harry CH lau Xiang Zhang Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver *** interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and *** normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and *** gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal *** note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC ***,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying *** this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in ***,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered *** summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

Geodesic metrics on fractals and applications to heat kernel estimates

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第5期66卷 907-934页

作者： Qingsong Gu ka-sing lau Hua Qiu Huo-Jun Ruan Department of Mathematics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Mathematics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15217USA School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

It is well known that for a Brownian motion, if we change the medium to be inhomogeneous by a measure μ, then the new motion(the time-changed process) will diffuse according to a different metric D(·, ·).In 2009, Kigami initiated a general scheme to construct such metrics through some self-similar weight functions g on the symbolic space. In order to provide concrete models to Kigami’s theoretical construction, in this paper,we give a thorough study of his metric on two classes of fractals of primary importance: the nested fractals and the generalized Sierpinski carpets;we further assume that the weight functions g := ga are generated by“symmetric” weights a. Let M be the domain of a such that Dgadefines a metric, and let S be the boundary of M. One of our main results is that the metrics from ga satisfy the metric chain condition if and only if a ∈ *** determine M and S, we provide a recursive weight transfer construction on the nested fractals, and a basic symmetric argument on the Sierpinski carpet. As an application, we use the metric chain condition to obtain the lower estimate of the sub-Gaussian heat kernel. This together with the upper estimate obtained by Kigami allows us to have a concrete class of metrics for the time change, and the two-sided sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimate on the fundamental fractals.

关键词： Brownian motion heat kernel metric chain condition nested fractal quasisymmetry resistance metric Sierpinski carpet weight function

Comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric Ho Yin lau Carrie Yuen Ting Ip Ho Ching Chan Lingyun Zhao Tat ChiTsang Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Timothy Hudson Rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in Hong *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department Clinical prediction rule Early warning score Shock index

面向未来的新加坡高密度公共住房可持续设计策略与启示

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世界建筑导报 2024年第3期39卷 13-17页

作者：薛菲章倩刘昇陽刘少瑜深圳大学人因环境与可持续设计研究中心深圳518060 深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院深圳518060 浙江清华长三角研究院新加坡(东南亚)海纳创新中心新加坡068895 香港中文大学建筑学院中国香港999077

近年来,新加坡建屋发展局(HDB)通过“绿色家园计划”、“绿色城镇计划”等一系列政策指引,在高密度公共住房品质提升和环境可持续方面成为全球瞩目的典范。本文从绿色低碳、健康宜居、智慧管理三个视角对新加坡高密度公共住房的可持续... 详细信息

近年来,新加坡建屋发展局(HDB)通过“绿色家园计划”、“绿色城镇计划”等一系列政策指引,在高密度公共住房品质提升和环境可持续方面成为全球瞩目的典范。本文从绿色低碳、健康宜居、智慧管理三个视角对新加坡高密度公共住房的可持续设计策略和典型案例做了深度解析,旨在对我国未来的公共住宅发展提供有益参考。

关键词：绿色低碳健康宜居智慧管理高密度住区可持续设计

片仔癀通过调节小鼠的肠道菌群和代谢物抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 257-269页

作者： Xianyi Zeng Xiang Zhang Hao Su Hongyan Gou Harry Cheuk-Hay lau Xiaoxu Hu Ziheng Huang Yan Li Jun Yu Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease without effective *** traditional Chinese medicine formulation Pien Tze Huang(PTH)can suppress inflammatory ***,we evaluate the effects of PTH on the evolution of NASH and its underlying *** found that PTH prevented the development of steatohepatitis induced by various dietary models,including a high-fat high-cholesterol(HFHC)diet,choline-deficient high-fat diet(CD-HFD),and methionine-and choline-deficient(MCD)diet,along with significant suppression of liver injury,hepatic triglyceride,and lipid ***,ten days of PTH treatment after the onset of NASH significantly ameliorated MCD diet-induced steatosis and liver injury in *** the metagenomic sequencing of stool samples,we found that PTH administration restored the gut microbiota with enrichment of probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus(***),Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactococcus lactis,and Bacillus *** enriched *** prevented MCD diet-induced *** addition,PTH restored the gut barrier function in mice with steatohepatitis,as evidenced by reduced intestinal permeability,decreased serum lipopolysaccharides(LPS)level,and increased epithelial tightjunction protein E-cadherin *** metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling identified the alteration in the metabolism of bile acids in the portal vein of PTHtreated *** further confirmed that an intact gut microbiota is necessary for PTH to exhibit antisteatohepatitis *** conclusion,PTH protects against steatohepatitis development by modulating the gut microbiota and *** is a potential promising prophylactic and therapeutic option for patients with NASH.

关键词： Pien Tze Huang Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Gut barrier function Gut microbiota

A monolithic InP/SOI platform for integrated photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第11期10卷 2143-2152页

作者： Zhao Yan Yu Han Liying Lin Ying Xue Chao Ma Wai Kit Ng kam sing Wong Kei May lau Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

The deployment of photonic integrated circuits(PICs)necessitates an integration platform that is scalable,high-throughput,cost-effective,and *** we present a monolithic InP on SOI platform to synergize the advantages of two mainstream photonic integration platforms:Si photonics and InP *** monolithic InP/SOI platform is realized through the selective growth of both InP sub-micron wires and large dimension InP membranes on industry-standard(001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator(SOI)*** epitaxial InP is in-plane,dislocation-free,site-controlled,intimately positioned with the Si device layer,and placed right on top of the buried oxide layer to form“InP-on-insulator”.These attributes allow for the realization of various photonic functionalities using the epitaxial InP,with efficient light interfacing between the III-V devices and the Si-based *** exemplify the potential of this InP/SOI platform for integrated photonics through the demonstration of lasers with different cavity designs including subwavelength wires,square cavities,and *** results here mark a critical step forward towards fully-integrated Si-based PICs.

关键词： SOI monolithic integration

Lack of evidence of active lytic replication of Epstein-Barr and cytomegaloviruses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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Chinese Medical Journal 1998年第7期 84-89页

作者： lau Chak sing, Yuen Yung, Chan Hung and Wong Raymond Woon sing

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disease. Environmental factors such as viral infection(s) have been proposed as pathaetiological factors. There are particular interests in studying lymphotropic viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Although previous case reports and in vitro studies suggested that they may have a role, there is no direct evidence that onset of SLE or disease exacerbation is associated with active infection by these viruses. Using the very sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, we tried to find out evidence of active replication of these viruses in patients with SLE. Methods Thirty-four patients with SLE were compared with matched normal controls. Eleven patients were newly diagnosed to have SLE and 18 of the 34 patients had active disease as determined by a SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score of ≥10 at the time of study. Results Our results showed no evidence of active replication or reactivation of EBV in the leucocytes amongst the newly diagnosed SLE patients, established SLE patients, patients with SLEDAI ≥10, patients with SLEDAI <10, and control subjects. There was no evidence of CMV infection in any of the subjects studied. The IgG and IgA responses against EBV early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) were also studied. The IgG and IgA responses against VCA of EBV were increased in patients with SLE when compared with controls. However, there were no differences in these responses among different subgroups of patients. The mechanism of these responses was not apparent but may represent non-specific hyperimmune responses in these patients. There were no differences in the titre of IgG and IgA against EBV EA between the patient groups and *** There is no direct evidence that either EBV or CMV plays a direct role in the onset and/or exacerbation of SLE.

关键词： Lack of evidence of active lytic replication of Epstein-Barr and cytomegaloviruses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Prevention of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients

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中国现代神经疾病杂志 2013年第4期13卷 257-262页

作者： Duan Jian-gang Chen Xiang-yan Wong ka-sing Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Neurology Tianjin Huanhu Hospital

糖尿病可使发生缺血性卒中的风险增加2倍以上,并且合并缺血性卒中的糖尿病患者长期预后不良。目前所采取的强力降血糖治疗并未使糖尿病患者从缺血性卒中的一级和二级预防中获益。然而,有研究显示,具有针对性的缺血性卒中危险因素管理,... 详细信息

糖尿病可使发生缺血性卒中的风险增加2倍以上,并且合并缺血性卒中的糖尿病患者长期预后不良。目前所采取的强力降血糖治疗并未使糖尿病患者从缺血性卒中的一级和二级预防中获益。然而,有研究显示,具有针对性的缺血性卒中危险因素管理,特别是对不良生活方式、血糖、高血压、脂质代谢紊乱的干预,可预防糖尿病患者缺血性卒中的发生,并改善预后。在符合干预标准的糖尿病患者中,抗血栓治疗和颈动脉外科手术对缺血性卒中的一级和二级预防是必要的。本文拟对近年公布的糖尿病患者缺血性卒中一级和二级预防的相关证据进行概述,使临床医师了解该领域的研究现状与动态,从而更好地实施糖尿病患者的卒中预防措施。

关键词：脑缺血卒中预防糖尿病