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REDUCTION OF STILLING BASIN LENGTH WITH TALL END SILL

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第4期23卷 498-502页

作者： FATHI-MOGHADAM Manoochehr HAGHIGHIPOUR Sadegh lashkar-ara babak AGHTOUMAN Peyman Department of Hydraulic Structures Shahid Chamran University Department of Civil Engineering Jundishapur University of Technology Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute

Experiments were conducted to characterize forced hydraulic jumps in stilling basins for enforced cases due to tail water level or dam site arrangement and construction. The case with a single tall sill was simulated in a horizontal flume downstream of a sluice gate. Results of experiments are compared with the classical hydraulic jump, and significant effect of tall sill on dissipation of energy in shorter distance was confirmed. Furthermore, the generated jumps were classified based on the ratio of sill height to basin length, and a simple design criterion was proposed to estimate the basin length for a desired jump and particular inflow.

关键词： forced hydraulic jump energy dissipater sill stilling basin length

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Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI babak NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel B.araÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nabeiro’Biodiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(BEMs).The approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted BEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENT),and presence–absence(GAM and BRT)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and BEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data *** using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated by GAM and BRT models were robust to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distribution stacked bioclimatic envelope models uncertainty

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