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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(Ad) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of Ad is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Simultaneous Preservation of Soil Structural Properties and Phospholipid Profiles: A Comparison of Three drying Techniques

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 284-287页

作者： L. j. dEACON d. V. GRINEV j. W. CRAWFORd j. HARRIS K. RITZ I. M. YOUNG National Soil Resources Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK) SIMBIOS Centre University of Abertay Dundee DD1 1HG (UK) Integrated Earth Systems Science Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK)

There is a need to simultaneously preserve evidence of interactions between the biological community and soil structural properties of a soil in as near an intact （natural） state as possible. Three dehydration techniques were implemented and assessed for their ability to minimise disruption of both biological and physical properties of the same arable soil sample. dehydration techniques applied until samples were at constant weight were i） air-drying at 20℃ （Ad）; ii） -80 ℃ freeze for 24 h, followed by freeze-drying （-80Fd）; and iii） liquid nitrogen snap freeze, followed by freeze-drying （LNPd） and were compared to a moist control. Physical structure was determined and quantified in three dimensions using X-ray computed tomography and microbial phenotypic community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid （PLPA） profiling. This study confirms that any form of dehydration, when preparing soil for simultaneous biological and physical analysis, will alter the soil physical properties, and cause some change in apparent community structure. Freeze-drying （both the LNFd and -80Fd treatments） was found to minimise disruption （when compared to the moist control soil） to both the soil physical properties and the community structure and is a preferable technique to air-drying which markedly alters the size and character of the pore network, as well as the phenotypic profile. The LNFd was the preferred treatment over the -80Fd treatment as samples show low variability between replicates and a fast turn-around time between samples. Therefore snap freezing in liquid nitrogen, followed by freeze drying is the most appropriate form of dehydration when two sets of data, both physical and biological, need to be preserved simultaneously from a soil core.

关键词： biological community dehydration phospholipid profile physical properties preservation

A structural topological optimization method for multi-displacement constraints and any initial topology configuration

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第5期26卷 735-744页

作者： j. H. Rong j. H. Yi School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410076 China

In density-based topological design, one expects that the final result consists of elements either black （solid material） or white （void）, without any grey areas. Moreover, one also expects that the optimal topology can be obtained by starting from any initial topology configuration. An improved structural topological optimization method for multidisplacement constraints is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the whole optimization process is divided into two optimization adj.stment phases and a phase transferring step. Firstly, an optimization model is built to deal with the varied displacement limits, design space adj.stments, and reasonable relations between the element stiffness matrix and mass and its element topology variable. Secondly, a procedure is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated in the first optimization adj.stment phase, by starting with a small design space and advancing to a larger deign space. The design space adj.stments are automatic when the design domain needs expansions, in which the convergence of the proposed method will not be affected. The final topology obtained by the proposed procedure in the first optimization phase, can approach to the vicinity of the optimum topology. Then, a heuristic algorithm is given to improve the efficiency and make the designed structural topology black/white in both the phase transferring step and the second optimization adj.stment phase. And the optimum topology can finally be obtained by the second phase optimization adj.stments. Two examples are presented to show that the topologies obtained by the proposed method are of very good 0/1 design distribution property, and the computational efficiency is enhanced by reducing the element number of the design structural finite model during two optimization adj.stment phases. And the examples also show that this method is robust and practicable.

关键词： Topological optimization displacement constraint Continuum structure design space adj.stment Rational approximation material model

NECAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： diones Bueno Michael K.E.Schafer Sudena Wang Michael j.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium EF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

Unimodal Sequences of Gorenstein Ideals of Codimension 4

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 1998年第4期14卷 563-568页

作者： Hyoung j. Ko department of Mathematics. Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-dong Seodaemun-gu. Seoul Korea 120-749

We present Gorenstein ideals of condimension 4 which have unimodal Hilbert functions.

关键词： k-configuration Hilbert function Minimal free resolution Gorenstein ideal of codimension 4

硫醇点击化修饰聚醋酸乙烯酯基核壳乳液及其快速成膜性能

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涂料工业 2025年第1期55卷 15-23,30页

作者：范晓慧聂金秋李欢欢李志国东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院哈尔滨150040

针对传统水性涂料成膜速度慢、涂装效率低的问题,通过硫醇-烯点击反应在聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)基核壳乳胶粒表面接枝多官能度硫醇(TMPMP),并采用预乳化法在乳胶粒合成后期加入双键活性单体,制备了PVAc基光固化复合乳液。系统考察了复合乳... 详细信息

针对传统水性涂料成膜速度慢、涂装效率低的问题,通过硫醇-烯点击反应在聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)基核壳乳胶粒表面接枝多官能度硫醇(TMPMP),并采用预乳化法在乳胶粒合成后期加入双键活性单体,制备了PVAc基光固化复合乳液。系统考察了复合乳液的稳定性、光固化特性、力学性能以及漆膜性能。结果表明:所制备的PVAc基核壳乳胶粒粒径在200 nm左右,表面修饰的巯基官能团能够与双键活性单体在紫外光照射下发生硫醇-烯点击反应从而实现快速成膜固化;复合乳液稳定性优良,储存期可达60 d以上。将复合乳液应用于木材光固化涂饰时,最快可在9 s内实现固化;通过调控硫醇与活性单体的比例可改善漆膜性能,当活性单体(TMPTA)用量为400%时,乳胶膜的力学性能最优,拉伸强度达到6.17 MPa,断裂伸长率为1.79%;同时,木器涂料漆膜的硬度、光泽和粗糙度分别为4H、10.8和2.34μm。硫醇-烯点击修饰的PVAc基光固化复合乳液可实现快速成膜固化,进而显著提高涂装效率,在水性木器涂料的应用中具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：水性木器涂料核壳结构聚醋酸乙烯酯硫醇-烯点击反应紫外光固化

Positron emission particle tracking——Application and labelling techniques

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Particuology 2008年第1期6卷 16-23页

作者： david j. Parker School of Physics and Astronomy the University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） technique has been widely used in science and engineering to obtain detailed information on the motion and flow fields of fluids or granular materials in multiphase systems, for example, fluids in rock cracks, chemical reactors and food processors; dynamic behaviour of granular materials in chemical reactors, granulators, mixers, dryers, rotating kilns and ball mills. The information obtained by the PEPT technique can be used to optimise the design, operational conditions for a wide range of industrial process systems, and to evaluate modelling work. The technique is based on tracking radioactively labelled particles （up to three particles） by detecting the pairs of backto-back 511 keV γ-rays arising from annihilation of emitted positrons. It therefore involves a positron camera, location algorithms for calculating the tracer location and speed, and tracer labelling techniques. This paper will review the particle tracking technique from tracking algorithm, tracer labelling to their application.

关键词： PEPT Tracer Algorithm Tracking

Formalisms to Support the definition of Processes

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j.urnal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 198-211页

作者： Leon j. Osterweil department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts Amherst

This paper emphasizes the importance of defining processes rigorously, completely, clearly, and in detail in order to support the complex proj.cts that are essential to the modern world. The paper argues that such process definitions provide needed structure and context for the development of effective software systems. The centrality of process is argued by enumerating seven key ways in which processes and their definitions are expected to provide important benefits to society. The paper provides an example of a process formalism that makes good progress towards the difficult goal of being simultaneously rigorous, detailed, broad, and clear. Early experience suggests that these four key characteristics of this formalism do indeed seem to help it to support meeting the seven key benefits sought from process definitions. Additional research is suggested in order to gain more insights into needs in the area of process definition formalisms.

关键词： processes process definition process language

Combining Aluminum Heat Treat with Hot Isostatic Pressing: A Comparison of Structure, Properties, and Processing Routes for a Cast AI-Si-Mg Alloy

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 546-551页

作者： Stephen j. Mashl Body cote HIP Inc. Andover Massachusetts USA

Bodycote researchers have successfully demonstrated that a T6 heat treatment can be integrated with densal?, a proprietary, aluminum specific, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. In this combined operation, at least a portion of the solution heat treatment is conducted at elevated pressure. during development, two issues, adiabatic cooling during depressurization and a possible variation in the kinetics of homogenization resulting from conducting the solution heat treat at elevated pressure were perceived as factors which could alter the heat treat response from that seen in conventional processing. This paper reviews the results of experiments performed to Al-Si-Mg (A356.0) castings subj.cted to both combined and conventional processing routes. Results indicate that the combined HIP and heat treat process is an efficient means of achieving a microstructure characteristic of a conventionally T6 processed material while eliminating porosity within the casting. Further, the fatigue life of an A356.0 casting processed using the combined cycle can be improved by more than an order of magnitude over the as-cast and T6 treated component.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg合金热处理热等静压缩 HIP 机械性质疲劳寿命