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Epigenetic regulation: methylation of histone and non-histone proteins

Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 311-322页

作者： lan fei1 & shi yang 2 1 department of biology, constellation pharmaceuticals, 148 sidney street, cambridge, ma 02139, usa 2 department of pathology, harvard medical school, 77 ave louise pasteur, boston ma, 02115, usa department of biology Constellation Pharmaceuticals Cambridge USA department of pathology Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Histone methylation is believed to play important roles in epigenetic memory in various biological processes. However, questions like whether the methylation marks themselves are faithfully transmit- ted into daughter cells and through what mechanisms are currently under active investigation. Previ- ously, methylation was considered to be irreversible, but the recent discovery of histone lysine de- methylases revealed a dynamic nature of histone methylation regulation on four of the main sites of methylation on histone H3 and H4 tails (H3K4, H3K9, H3K27 and H3K36). Even so, it is still unclear whether demethylases specific for the remaining two sites, H3K79 and H4K20, exist. Furthermore, be- sides histone proteins, the lysine methylation and demethylation also occur on non-histone proteins, which are probably subjected to similar regulation as histones. This review discusses recent pro- gresses in protein lysine methylation regulation focusing on the above topics, while referring readers to a number of recent reviews for the biochemistry and biology of these enzymes.

关键词： epigenetics histone histone modification histone lysine methylation histone methylase histone demethylase epigenetic inheritance non-histone methylation

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