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A mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity of nano-size silver particle modified titanium dioxide thin films

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 3027-3032页

作者： MENG FanMing lU Fei SUN ZhaoQi lüJianGuo School of Physics and Materials Science Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China Key laboratory of Materials Modification by laser Ion and Electron Beams(Dalian University of Technology)Ministry of EducationDalian 116024China Anhui Key laboratory of Information Materials and Devices Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering Hefei Normal UniversityHefei 230061China

Ag-TiO2 nanostructured thin films with silver volume fraction of 0–20% were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and annealed in ambient air at 950°C for 1 h. The phase structure and surface topography of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by light induced degradation of methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) solution using a high pressure mercury lamp as lamp-house. The relation of photocatalytic activity and silver content was studied in detail. It was found that silver content influences phase structure of TiO2 thin films, and silver in the films is metallic Ag (Ag0). With increasing silver content from 0 to 20 vol%, photocatalytic activity of the films increases first and then decreases. A suitable amount (2.5–5 vol%) silver addition can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the extension of visible light absorption region of the films, the presence of anatase phase, the increase of oxy-gen anion radicals O2? and reactive center of surface Ti3+, and the better separation between electrons and holes on the films surface.

关键词： silver nanoparticle TiO2 thin film photocatalytic activity RF magnetron sputtering methyl orange

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用回收的花朵帮助病人的美丽方法

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中学生英语 2022年第3期 17-19页

作者： Beverly l.Jenkins 景一

People get married each and every day,and most of the time,the flower arrangements1they pay so much money for end up going to be wasted when the event is over.每一天都有人要结婚,而且大多数时候,他们花了这么多钱准备的花朵装饰在活动结束后都会被浪费掉。Eleanor love hopes to change that while making sure the flowers serve a higher purpose.埃莉诺·洛夫希望改变这种状况,同时确保花朵有更好的用途。

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Social distance integrated gravity model for evacuation destination choice

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第8期14卷 1004-1018页

作者： Yuqin Jiang Zhenlong li Susan l.Cutter Geoinformation and Big Data Research laboratory Department of GeographyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of GeographyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA

Evacuation is an effective and commonly taken strategy to minimize death and injuries from an incoming *** decades,interdisciplinary research has contributed to a better understanding of evacuation *** destination choice modeling is an essential step for hurricane evacuation transportation *** factors are identified associated with evacuation destination choices,in which long-term social factors have been found essential,yet neglected,in most studies due to difficulty in data *** study utilized long-term human movement records retrieved from Twitter to(1)reinforce the importance of social factors in evacuation destination choices,(2)quantify individual-level familiarity measurement and its relationship with an individual’s destination choice,(3)develop a big data approach for aggregated county-level social distance measurement,and(4)demonstrate how gravity models can be improved by including both social distance and physical distance for evacuation destination choice modeling.

关键词： Big data disaster management evacuation social media social distance

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What artifice can and cannot tell us aboutanimal behavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 21-26页

作者： Daniel l. POWEll Gil G. ROSENTHAl Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de InvestigacionesCientfficas de las Huastecas Aguazarca 43230 Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Artifice--the manipulation of social and environmental stimuli--is fundamental to research in ani-mal behavior. State-of-the-art techniques have been developed to generate and present complexvisual stimuli. These techniques have unique strengths and limitations. However, many of theissues with synthetic animation and virtual reality are common to playback experiments in general,including those using unmanipulated video or auditory stimuli. Playback experiments, in turn, fallinto the broader category of experiments that artificially manipulate the array of stimuli experi-enced by a subject. We argue that the challenges of designing and interpreting experiments usingvirtual reality or synthetic animations are largely comparable to those of studies using oldertechnologies or addressing other modalities, and that technology alone is unlikely to solve thesechallenges. We suggest that appropriate experimental designs are the key to validating behavioralresponses to artificial stimuli and to interpreting all studies using artifice, including those that pre-sent complex visual displays.

关键词： animation, animal communication, artifice, experimental design, mate choice, playback.

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Comparative study of the effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on the metabolism of human dermal fibroblasts

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第2期7卷 221-232页

作者： Yan Huang Xiaoying lü Rong Chen Ye Chen State Key laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096P.R.China

The purpose of this article was to explore the effects of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)and silver nano-particles(SNPs)with different cytotoxicities on human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs)at the metabolic ***,~20 nm of GNPs and SNPs were prepared,and their effects on the proliferation of HDFs were ***,a metabolomics technique was used to analyse the effects of GNPs and SNPs on the expression profiles of metabolites in HDFs after 4,8 and 24h of ***,the key metabolites and key metabolic pathways involved in the interaction of GNPs and SNPs with HDFs were identified through expression pattern analysis and metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites and were finally verified by *** results of the cytotoxicity experiments showed that there was no cytotoxicity after the treatment of GNPs for 72 h,while the cytotoxicity of the SNPs reached grade 1 after 72 *** using metabolomics analysis,29,30 and 27 metabolites were shown to be differentially expressed in HDFs after GNP treatment,while SNPs induced the differential expression of 13,33 and 22 metabolites after 4,8 and 24h of treatment,*** and four candidate key metabolites in the GNP and SNP groups were identified by expression pattern analysis and metabolic pathway analysis,*** key metabolic pathways in the GNP and SNP groups were identified as the glutathione metabolic pathway(the key metabolite of which was glutathione)and the citrate cycle pathway(the key metabolite of which was malic acid).Based on the experiments used to verify the key metabolites and key metabolic pathways,it was found that the increase in glutathione after GNP treatment might trigger an oxidative stress protection mechanism and thus avoid *** exposure to SNPs,the citric acid content was increased,mainly through the citrate cycle path-way,thereby inhibiting the synthesis of malic acid to affect the formation of ATP and finally leading to cytotoxici

关键词： gold and silver nanoparticles human dermal fibroblasts metabolomics and bioinformatics metabolic pathway

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Intercomparison of three South China Sea circulation models

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第1期23卷 41-50页

作者： DUYan WANGDongxiao ZHOUWeidong WANGWeiqiang l1UXiongbin KeylaboratoryofTropicalMarineEnvironmentalDynamics SouthChinaSeaInstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510301China

Three numerical oceanic circulation models: POM(Princeton ocean model), MICOM(Miami isopycnal coordinates ocean model) and GFDl model, which adopt sigma coordinate, isopycnal coordinate and depth coordinate respectively, are used in the South China Sea(SCS) circulation modeling. Model domain has the same topography, grid resolution, initial conditions and surface boundary conditions. The maximum ocean depth is set as 1 000 m. Grid resolution is 0.5o×*** conditions are supplied by climatological temperature and salinity data in January. Climatological wind stress, surface temperature and salinity are used as surface forcing. lateral boundaries take enclosed boundary conditions artificially. Focusing on the common point of different ocean circulation models, the circulation pattern in winter and summer, sea surface height in the northern SCS, seasonal cycle of the mixed layer thickness in the southern SCS, barotropic stream function in winter are selected to carry out intercomparison. In winter, a strong cyclonic gyre occupies the whole SCS. In summer, a strong anticyclonic gyre occupies the southern SCS and a weak cyclonic gyre occupies the northern SCS. The thickness of the mixed layer shows bimodal features in the southern SCS. Sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) in the northern SCS has an eastward propagating feature, in agreement with the remote sensing observation. Barotropic stream functions indicate that the circulation of the upper ocean is mainly forced by inputting of wind stress curl under closed boundary conditions. In addition, three models also show distinct differences. The basin-scale circulation from MICOM is distinct. Output of POM has more mesoscale eddies than others. GFDl model seems good at simulating westward intensification.

关键词： models intercomparison South China Sea ocean circulation model

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Wind speed scaling and the drag coefficient

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第4期24卷 29-42页

作者： WEN Fan GAO Zhiyi WU Ziku lü Hongmin laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

Wind speed scaling in similarity law in wind-generated waves and the drag coefficient are studied. In analyzing the data in the wind wave channel, it is found that the u＊ scaling greatly reduces the scatter in the U10 scaling. The u＊ scaling has much less scatter than the scaling using other wind speeds. The friction velocity seems to play a distinctive role in wave growth. The result is important in the applications of the similarity law and in wave modeling. In theory it gives an insight into the mechanism of wind wave interaction. It is found that wave steepness is important in influencing the drag coefficient. The variability of the coefficients in the currently widely used drag form can be explained by the differences in wave steepness in the observations. A drag coefficient model with wind speed and wave steepness as parameters is proposed. An explanation for Kahma＇s result that the u, scaling does not reduce the scatter in the U10 scaling is given.

关键词： friction velocity scaling scatter drag coefficient wave steepness

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Observational Study on the Supercooled Fog Droplet Spectrum Distribution and Icing Accumulation Mechanism in lushan, Southeast China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第1期36卷 29-40页

作者： Tianshu WANG Shengjie NIU Jingjing lü Yue ZHOU School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Tech University Key laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Wuhan Regional Climate Center

A fog monitor, hotplate total precipitation sensor, weather identifier and visibility sensor, ultrasonic wind speed meter,an icing gradient observation frame, and an automated weather station were involved in the observations at the lushan Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province, China. In this study, for the icing process under a cold surge from 20–25 January2016, the duration, frequency, and spectrum distribution of agglomerate fog were analyzed. The effects of rain, snow, and supercooled fog on icing growth were studied and the icing and meteorological conditions at two heights(10 m and 1.5 m)were compared. There were 218 agglomerate fogs in this icing process, of which agglomerate fogs with durations less than and greater than 10 min accounted for 91.3% and 8.7%, respectively. The average time interval was 10.3 min. The fog droplet number concentration for sizes 2–15 μm and 30–50 μm increased during rainfall, and that for 2–27 μm decreased during snowfall. Icing grew rapidly(1.3 mm h-1) in the freezing rain phase but slowly(0.1 mm h-1) during the dry snow phase. Intensive supercooled fog, lower temperatures and increased wind speed all favored icing growth during dry snow(0.5 mm h-1). There were significant differences in the thickness, duration, density, and growth mechanism of icing at the heights of 10 m and 1.5 m. Differences in temperature and wind speed between the two heights were the main reasons for the differences in icing conditions, which indicated that icing was strongly affected by height.

关键词：生长机制糖衣学习分发光谱微滴中国累积

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Simulation of the emission lines radiated from cataclysmic variables

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第10期13卷 1213-1218页

作者： lin He Guo-liang lü Yong-Heng Zhao College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cataclysmic variables are special celestial bodies because they have particular light curves and *** mechanisms for generating emission lines radiated from dwarf novae in their quiescent phases are *** assume that the incident radiation field which is emitted by a hot source（white dwarf and boundary layer）irradiates the gaseous layer evaporated from the accretion disk,and the emission lines are radiated from the *** model the fluxes of emission lines by using the photoionization code *** this method,we input some reasonable parameters and get a series of simulated *** order to find a simulated spectrum which is the best fit to an observed spectrum,we use a cross-correlation method to match *** the calculation,we use the approximation that the parameters of the simulated spectrum can simulate the observed ***,we learn more about the physical conditions of the system.

关键词： stars:cataclysmic variables accretion disk:emission lines emission lines:photoionization

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Monitoring the effects of land transformation on African clawless otters(Aonyx capensis)using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations as a measure of stress

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 293-306页

作者： Tshepiso l.MAJElANTlE Trevor MCINTYRE Andre GANSWINDT Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Department of life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaPretoriaSouth Africa Endocrine Research laboratory Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa

In a time of increasing environmental change caused by anthropogenic disturbance,there is a greater need to understand animal adaptations to manmade *** this regard,the measurement of stress-related endocrine markers provides a useful tool to examine the impact of environmental challenges and the physiological consequences for wildlife occupying such *** aims of the present study were to validate fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(fGCM)concentrations as a measure of stress using samples from a male African clawless otter(Aonyx capensis;n=1)and to compare fGCM concentrations of otters occurring in a transformed and in 2 natural areas in South *** the 5 different enzyme-immunoassays(EIA)tested,a cortisol and oxoetiocholanolone(measuring 11,17 dioxoandrostanes)EIA revealed the highest response(74%and 48%increase,respectively)30 and 24 hours after a stress event(translocation of a captive individual as part of its rehabilitation prior to release),respec*** both EIAs,fGCM concentrations were comparable for samples collected up to 3 h *** the cortisol EIA for subsequent analyses,fGCM concentrations of animals from the transformed area(n=20;mean[±SD]:0.468[±0.539]µg/g dry weight[DW])were significantly higher(P=0.013)than those from otters in the natural areas(n=17;0.242[±0.226]µg/g DW).These preliminary results suggest that African clawless otters may have increased adrenocortical activity that could be due to conditions linked to living in a transformed environment.

关键词： African clawless otter fecal glucocorticoid metabolites non-invasive hormone measurement stress urbanization

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