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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 773-778页

作者： S.D.Dayamba P.Savadogo S.Diawara l.sawadogo World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office - Sahel Node World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRAF-ICRISAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel Node De'partement Productions Forestie`res Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles

Insufficient knowledge of the germination ecology of local species is one of the main constraints to restoration of degraded rural lands. We tested seeds from fourteen Sudanian savanna species targeted for restoration for their response to two different pretreatments（conventional and prolonged acid pretreatments） and two different storage conditions（ambient room conditions and refrigerator at 4 C）. For 6 of the studied species, longer soaking in sulphuric acid significantly improved germination rates and also reduced the germination time of some species. Storage condition, in general did not affect germination rates except for two species where cool storage depressed germination. The practical implication is that, for the species tested, when mature seeds are collected for plantation in the upcoming rainy season, there is no need to invest in infrastructure and energy for storing in cold *** study also revealed that in general when seeds are stored in ambient conditions from the time of collection up to seeding time, although germination rate does not increase, germination time is shortened and this could be of great interest in synchronizing germination in real field conditions.

关键词： germination restoration plantation ambient mature stored ecology degraded shortened longer

Between Euthanasia and Dysthanasia: The Ethical Issue of Sedation in the Terminal Phase of Illness

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 39-49页

作者： Joseph sawadogo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences Department of Philosophy Faculty of Medicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Deep sedation, euthanasia and therapeutic relentlessness lead us today to rethink the paradigm of life and the contingency of human existence. Between therapeutic relentlessness, the unreasonable care which uses heavy therapeutic means which are often disproportionate to the expected benefit, namely keeping alive a patient whose condition is considered medically hopeless;and euthanasia which would precipitate the process of death would be sedation in the terminal phase of the illness. Should doctors and families of comatose patients decide the “life” and “death” of their patients? For anti-euthanasia associations, doctors, relatives of terminally ill patients and the State itself, if they accept the principle of euthanasia, they are “murderers”, while for pro-euthanasists, the dignity of the human being would recommend that the days of patients in situations considered critical be shortened, to avoid unnecessary suffering and humiliation. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify relevant articles relating to euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation in the terminal phase of illness. The search was conducted in French or English in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Objectives: The objectives of this article are: 1) define the terminologies and concepts of palliative sedation, deep sedation, deep and continuous sedation until death, euthanasia and dysthanasia;2) present aspects of the meaning of life and the human person in African cultures;and 3) propose an ethical reflection on the value of life. Results: After precisely defining the concepts of euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation, this research presented the African anthropological and ethical approach to the mysteries of life and death. Conclusion: With this in mind, the golden rule of medicine always remains as such “Primum non nocere”.

关键词： Euthanasia Dysthanasia End-Of-life Sedation Palliative Care African Cultures

Mitigating Iron Toxicity by Using Rock Phosphate to Improve Rice Productivity

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 423-438页

作者： Adama Bagayogo Honoré Kam Jacques sawadogo Moumouni Konate Moussa Sie Satoshi Nakamura Fujio Nagumo Mahamadou sawadogo Ouaga I Uviversity Jospeph Ki-Zerbo Life and Earth Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SVT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research National Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Ibaraki Japan

Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m2). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m2) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m2). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m2) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m2). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.

关键词： Oryza NPK NK Rock Phosphate Rice

Extent and Structure of Phenotypic Variability in Solenostemon rotundifolius Germplasm from Ghana and Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 146-164页

作者： Ignace Tonde Romaric Kiswendsida Nanema Alphonse Tegawende sawadogo Department of Plant Biology and Plant Physiology Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso É quipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Solenostemon rotundifolius is a species belonging to the lamiaceae family. It is currently one of the minor plants of high socio-economic interest. One of the limitations to promoting this species in Burkina Faso is the lack of varieties that meet consumers’ demands. Implementing a breeding program is an important step toward achieving this goal. Such a program is based on the variability of agronomical traits of interest within evaluated germplasm. This study aimed to assess the level of two germplasms variability of S. rotundifolius from Ghana and Burkina Faso for traits related to vegetative development, cycle, and yield. Agromorphological characterization of 174 accessions, including 116 from Ghana and 58 from Burkina Faso was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The characterization was made on the basis of fifteen (15) quantitative traits related to the canopy and leaf size, the cycle, and the yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between accessions within each germplasm for all the evaluated traits. The analysis of the structuration of this agromorphological variability allowed organizing the accessions into different groups. These results could lead to the identification of accessions within each germplasm for breeding purposes or future research on genotype-environment interactions.

关键词： lamiaceae Tuber Germplasm Agromorphological Variability

Manufacture of Industrial Refractory Crucibles Based on Clays from Burkina Faso

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 79-90页

作者： Kassoum Barry Youssouf sawadogo Moustapha sawadogo Brahima Sorgho Mohamed Seynou Boubié Guel Philippe Blanchart lamine Zerbo laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Materials (lC2M) University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute of Research for Ceramic (IRCER) European Ceramic Centre (CEC) Limoges France

In Burkina Faso, one of the three largest gold producers in West Africa, foundry activity is often paralyzed when basic equipment such as crucibles and cups are not available or should be imported. However, previous studies have shown the availability of kaolinite-rich clay resources that could be used for the local manufacture of silico-aluminous ceramic crucibles. This work allowed to manufacture industrial ceramic crucibles with local clays and then they were tested in foundry industry. The materials were manufactured from three (03) raw materials including two clays (SAB and ROU) and sand. The chemical and mineral analysis has shown that the raw materials are suitable for the formulation of refractory materials. The results of characterization of the materials formulated showed that the properties of use are appreciable. The porosity of the materials is relatively low (23 - 28 vol%) with a diametral compressive strength between 0.61 and 1.34 MPa. Crucibles sintered at 1250˚C with a stay of 2 hours have a mechanical strength capable of supporting the weight of the ores contained. These crucibles have a refractoriness under load (T0.5) above 1141˚C and resist chemical attacks. Tests were carried out in the industry at 1100˚C, and the results were satisfactory.

关键词： Refractory Foundry Activity Compressive Strength Chemical Resistance

Analysis of the Energy and Environmental Sustainability of a Built Space System: The Case of Patte d’Oie University Campus in Ouagadougou

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 197-215页

作者： Daouda sawadogo Ousmane Coulibaly Xavier Chesneau Belkacem Zeghmati laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’ Environnement (LPCE) Department of Physics Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Multidisciplinary Modeling and Simulation laboratory (lAMPS) Mechanics and Energetics Group (GME) Universit&#233 Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France

The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, supported by various methodological references, formed the basis of our approach. Adopting a systemic perspective, we described the structural and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as well as the associated energy flows. Our approach was also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, structural and functional configurations at different scales and angles of observation. The analysis tool we developed in Java was applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie university campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electricity consumption was measured at 124387.34 kWh, closely aligned with the average annual electricity bill (125224.31 kWh), with a maximum relative deviation of 1%, followed by a carbon emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO2 per year. This validation confirmed the effectiveness of our tool. In addition, following the analysis of electricity consumption using our tool, the university campus was classified in energy class B and environmental class C. These results will be based on the emission factors of the energy mix of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) territory, with particular emphasis on Burkina Faso.

关键词： Energy Function Energy Class Carbon Footprint Built Space Consumption Item Systemic Approach Typological Approach

Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Adama sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse lawson Hama Cissé Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Soil Science Department School of Agriculture University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p ly). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

关键词： Biodegradation Biostimulation Soil Diesel Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana

Assessing the Impact of Gold Mining on the Quality of Water Resources in the Commune of Meguet, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 281-292页

作者： Issoufou Ouedraogo Samuel lankoande Yacouba Konate Boukary sawadogo Nicolas Kagambega Martin lompo Higher School of Engineering (ESI) University of Fada N&#8217Gourma Fada N&#8217Gourma Burkina Faso Geosciences and Environment laboratory (laGE) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Water Hydro-Systems and Agriculture Laboratory (LEHSA) International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Despite its often illegal nature, artisanal gold mining in Burkina Faso contributes to the economic and social development of the country. However, the rudimentary techniques used in gold panning have a significant impact on the environment due to inappropriate practices and the use of various chemical substances. This study aims to assess the impact of artisanal gold mining on the quality of water resources in a rural community at Méguet, Burkina Faso. To this end, surface and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the BUMIGEB laboratory. Field results show that the waters are slightly alkaline (6.97 ly mineralized and conductive (124 ls (TMEs) analyzed from surface and subsurface waters show very high levels, generally deviating from the levels recommended by WHO guidelines for Burkina Faso. Trace metals contamination of water resources in the commune of Méguet is mainly due to Fe (3.78 - 11.12 mg/kg), Hg (0.03 - 0.29 mg/kg), As (0.01- 6.31 mg/kg) and Pb (0.01 - 3.8 mg/kg). This study can serve as a basis for guiding national environmental policies to protect the water resources of the Méguet mine.

关键词： Gold Panning Water Quality Trace Metal Méguet Burkina Faso

Measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Cancer Risk in Twenty-Four Model Houses in the Town of Koudougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 193-204页

作者： Moumouni Derra luc Telado Bambara Karim Kaboré Yalgado Zakaria sawadogo Ousmane Cissé François Zougmoré Physics Department University Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Physics and Chemical Department Institute of Sciences and Technology “Ecole Normale Supérieure” Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Physics Department Virtual University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratory of Materials and Environment University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (86Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m3 and 285 Bq/m3 respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m3 to 208 Bq/m3 in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m3, 142 Bq/m3, 208 Bq/m3 and 105 Bq/m3. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives va

关键词： Radon Absorbed Dose Annual Effective Dose Cancer Risk

Frequency of the C677T Polymorphism of MTHFR, G20210A of Prothrombin and R506Q of Factor V leiden in Type 2 Diabetics in Abidjan

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Open Journal of Genetics 2024年第1期14卷 13-25页

作者： N’Guessan-Blao Rebecca Yapo Vincent Yayo-Ayé Mireille Adjambri Eusèbe Koné-Koné Fatoumata sawadogo Duni Hematology and General Biology Unit Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast laboratory of Biology and Medical Research National Institute of Public Health (INSP) Abidjan Ivory Coast Molecular Biology Unit Center for Diagnosis and Research on AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases (CeDReS) Treichville University Hospital (CHU) Abidjan Ivory Coast

In Africa, the prevalence of diabetes is escalating and remains a concern due to the numerous complications it causes. Vascular damage associated with diabetes leads to a prothrombotic state observed in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic components. With the aim of preventing complications and contributing to an efficient management of diabetes, we investigated genes likely to lead to a risk of thrombosis, in particular the C677T of MTHFR, G20210A of prothrombin, and R506Q of factor V leiden in type 2 diabetics in Abidjan receiving ambulatory care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on consenting type 2 diabetic patients. Mutation detection was carried out using the PCR-RFlP method employing restriction enzymes. Hemostasis tests (fibrinogen, D-dimers, fibrin monomers, and von Willebrand factor) were performed using citrate tubes on the Stage? Star Max automated system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor was assayed by ElISA method, and biochemical parameters were determined using the COBAS C311. The study population consisted of 45 diabetic patients, 51.1% of whom presented vascular complications, mainly neuropathy. Disturbances in hemostasis parameters were observed, with 15.5% of patients showing an increase in fibrin monomers. Mutation analysis revealed an absence of factor V mutation (factor V leiden) and of G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene. However, 15.6% of subjects had a heterozygous C677T mutation of MTHFR, with 57% of them being anemic. The exploration of biological and genetic factors associated with thrombotic risk is of significant interest in the optimal management of African type 2 diabetics.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes C677T of MTHFR G20210A Factor V leiden Thrombosis