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Assessment of Exposure to Toxic Metals through Food with Reference to Some Towns in Russia

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2010年第4期4卷 53-61页

作者： B.A. Katsnelson S.V. Kuzmin T.V. Mazhayeva A.N. lavrentyev l.i. privalova V.B. Gurvich O.l. Malykh Ural Regional Center for Environmental Epidemiology Ekaterinburg Russia Sverdlovsk Regional Office of the Federal Service on Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Russian Federation Ekaterinburg Russia

in big countries, nutrition profiles and foodstuffs chemical contamination may differ significantly between different regions and even between areas within a region. Thus one should assess toxic exposure through food on not only national but also local level. We have developed and distributed a personal questionnaire for estimating average daily consumption of 44 types of foodstuffs, and for 12 of them-the percentage contribution of the main sources of supply. Depending on data analysis results, we choose the most important foodstuffs for determining their chemical contamination. We tested this approach in 7 industrial towns and found differences among them, as well as among children and adults, with regard to toxic exposure through food. People with a relatively high income consume more milk, cheese, meat, fish, poultry and fruit but less bread and potatoes than those with medium or low income. About 80% of consumed potatoes are grown locally and thus depend on each area＇s contamination. Although daily intakes of toxicants do not exceed WHO tolerable levels, their contribution to the total environmentally dependent dose is important. The approach developed by us can be used in epidemiological and risk assessment studies when they are performed on regional or local level.

关键词： Nutrition profiles toxic metals risk assessment.

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Enhancing Population’s Resistance to Toxic Exposures as an Auxil.i.ry Tool of Decreasing Environmental and Occupational Health Risks (a Self-Overview)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第14期5卷 1435-1449页

作者： Boris A. Katsnelson larisa i. privalova Vladimir B. Gurvich Sergey V. Kuzmin Ekaterina P. Kireyeva il.i.a A. Minigalieva Marina P. Sutunkova Nadezhda V. loginova Olga l. Malykh Sergey V. Yarushin Julia i. Soloboyeva Natalia i. Kochneva Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in industrial Workers Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Sverdlovsk Regional Office of the Federal Service on Supervision in Sphere of Protection of the Consumers’ Rights and Well-Being of a Person (Rospotrebnadzor) Ekaterinburg Russian Federation

Environment chemical pollution can be persistent, and even virtually irremovable. For some chemicals in the workplace environment reliably safe low exposure levels are technically unattainable or presumably nonexistent. As a supplement to decreasing harmful exposures to as low levels as possible, the “biological prophylaxis” aims at enhancing host’s protective mechanisms. During over 30 years in animal experiments modeling isolated or combined chronic or subchronic exposures to silica, asbestos, monazite, lead, chromium, arsenic, manganese, nickel, vanadium, nanosilver, nanocopper, formaldehyde, phenol, naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene we tested so-called “bioprophylatic complexes” (BPCs) comprising innocuous substances with theoretically expected beneficial.i.fluence on the toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of those toxics. The BPCs proved protectively effective in animal experiments were then subjected to controlled field trials on restricted groups of volunteers. Once the effectiveness and safety of a BPC was established, it was recommended for practical use, first of all, in the most vulnerable population groups (children, pregnant women) and in the most harmful occupations. At each stage of this work the effectiveness of the bioprophylactic approach to chemical risks management was successfully demonstrated. The BPCs tested up to now proved capable of mitigating systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, fibrogenicity, and mutagenicity of the above-listed chemicals.

关键词： Environmental Pollution Health Risks Bio-Protectors

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