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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocyti

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

Complex-frequency waves:beat loss and win sensitivity

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 181-183页

作者： Qingqing Cheng Tao l School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Medicine Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityQuzhou324000China National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

Recent experiments have demonstrated that synthesized complex-frequency waves can impart a virtual gain to molecule sensing systems,which can effectively restore information lost due to intrinsic molecular damping.The enhancement notably amplifies the signal of trace molecular vibrational fingerprints,thereby substantially improving the upper limit of sensitivity.

关键词： thereby Complex limit

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit F.l.Ruitenberg Department of Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders often experience problems across a variety of functional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial functioning.The classification of these disorders is based on the phenotypical manifestations that represent the most prominent clinical features.For example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd3+-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group (GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources (CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS) Renato Archer Information Technology Center Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos University of S?o Paulo

Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio（FIR） technique.Nevertheless,at high Nd3+concentrations,energy transfer（ET） processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd3+emission,which has been little explored in the literature.Therefore,the present work investigated the use of Nd3+-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd3+at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%) in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 K.The results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd3+concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd3+emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio4F5/2→4I9/2/4F3/2→4I9/2is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd3+.The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd3+ions.

关键词： Fluorescence intensity ratio Judd-Ofelt Nd3+-doped tellurite glass Optical thermometry Rare earths

Time-inconsistent stochastic linear-quadratic control problem with indefinite control weight costs

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 211-236页

作者： Qi lü Bowen Ma School of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

A time-inconsistent linear-quadratic optimal control problem for stochastic differential equations is studied.We introduce conditions where the control cost weighting matrix is possibly singular.Under such conditions,we obtain a family of closed-loop equilibrium strategies via multi-person differential games.This result extends Yong’s work(2017) in the case of stochastic differential equations,where a unique closed-loop equilibrium strategy can be derived under standard conditions(namely,the control cost weighting matrix is uniformly positive definite,and the other weighting coefficients are positive semidefinite).

关键词： linear-quadratic optimal control problem time-inconsistent cost functional generalized Riccati equation indefinite control weight cost closed-loop equilibrium strategy

Rogue wave solutions and rogue-breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schr?dinger equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 33-41页

作者： Si-Jia Chen Xing lü College of Science Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384People's Republic of China Department of Mathematics Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China Beijing laboratory of National Economic Security Early-warning Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China

Based on the long wave limit method,the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schr?dinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary parameters.The interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather solutions.By applying the same method to the three-breather solutions,two types of interaction solutions are obtained,namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves,the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave,respectively.The influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically demonstrated.Collisions occur among the rogue waves and breather waves.After the collisions,the shape of them remains unchanged.The abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.

关键词： nonlinear Schrodinger equation rogue wave solutions interaction solutions

Patients’dissatisfaction with multifocal intraocular lenses managed by exchange with other multifocal lenses of diferent optical profles

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 31-40页

作者： Olena Al‑Shymali Colm McAlinden Jorge l.Alio del Barrio Mario Canto‑Cerdan Jorge l.Alio Research&Development Department VISSUM Innovation and Department of Cornea Cataract and Refractive SurgeryVISSUM CorporationAlicanteSpain Department of Ophthalmology Singleton HospitalSwansea Bay University Health BoardSwanseaUK Division of Ophthalmology School of MedicineVISSUM AlicanteUniversidad Miguel HernándezCalle Cabañal 103016 AlicanteSpain Cornea Cataract and Refractive Surgery DepartmentVISSUM CorporationAlicanteSpain

Background:The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of dissatisfed patients reporting poor visual quality following implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses(MF-IOls),managed by IOl exchange with another multifocal optical profle.Methods:This is a retrospective series of cases.MF-IOl exchange was done in 15 dissatisfed patients(30 eyes)with the perception of poor visual quality for far distance afected by neuroadaptation failure.Patients underwent a bilateral exchange of a MF-IOl with another MF-IOl of a diferent optical profle.Visual outcomes and complications were analyzed.Questionnaires including Quality of Vision(QoV),Visual Function Index-14(VF-14)and its Rasch-revised version(VF-8R)and a satisfaction questionnaire were also used for outcome evaluation.Results:The mean elapsed time from implantation to explantation-reimplantation was 11.8 months.The QoV scores improved signifcantly across all the three subscales.Visual function improved with a change in VF-14 score from 60.41±24.81 to 90.16±10.91(Pll.The uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.24 to 0.12 logMAR after exchange(Pl acuity improved from 0.15 to 0.04 logMAR(Ply.Concerning patients’satisfaction following MF-IOl exchange,80%of the patients reported they would have the MF-IOl reimplantation procedure again.Conclusions:Patient dissatisfaction with neuroadaptation failure following MF-IOl implantation can be managed in 80%of our cases by MF-IOl exchange with a diferent MF-IOl optical profle.

关键词： Multifocal intraocular lenses IOl exchange Visual acuity Neuroadaptation failure

Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika Papp Pál Miheller Department of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica profunda(GCP)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric lesion.Its precancerous potential determines its significance.In addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of GCPs.By carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be determined.Chronic atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCPs formation.GCPs frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic glands.Endoscopic resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCP.

关键词： Gastric cystica profunda Chronic active gastritis Atrophic gastritis Operative link for Gastritis Assessment staging Early gastric cancer Endoscopic resection

Time trends and outcomes of gastrostomy placement in a Swedish national cohort over two decades

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1358-1367页

作者： Martin löfling Skogar Magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75185Sweden

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)and laparoscopically inserted gastrostomy have become the gold standard for adult patients and children,respectively,requiring long-term enteral nutrition support.Procedure-related mortality is a rare event,often reported to be zero in smaller studies.National data on 30-d mortality and long-term survival rates after gastrostomy placement are scarce in the literature.AIM To study the use of gastrostomies in Sweden from 1998-2019 and to analyze procedure-related mortality and short-term(long-term survival.METHODS In this retrospective,population-based cohort study,individuals that had received a gastrostomy between 1998-2019 in Sweden were included.Individuals were identified in the Swedish National Patient Register,and survival analysis was possible by cross-referencing the Swedish Death Register.The cohort was divided into three age groups:Children(0-18 years);adults(19-64 years);and elderly(≥65 years).Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test and Cox regression were used for survival analysis.RESUlTS In total 48682 individuals(52%males,average age 60.9±25.3 years)were identified.The cohort consisted of 12.0%children,29.5%adults,and 58.5%elderly.An increased use of gastrostomies was observed during the study period,from 13.7/100000 to 22.3/100000 individuals(Pled(about 800 to 1800/year),with a corresponding decrease in open gastrostomy(about 700 to 340/year).laparoscopic gastrostomy increased more than ten-fold(about 20 to 240/year).Overall,PEG,open gastrostomy,and laparoscopic gastrostomy constituted 70.0%(n=34060),23.3%(n=11336),and 4.9%(n=2404),respectively.Procedure-related mortality was 0.1%(n=44)overall(PEG:0.05%,open:0.24%,laparoscopic:0.04%).The overall 30-d mortality rate was 10.0%(PEG:9.8%,open:12.4%,laparoscopic:1.7%)and decreased from 11.6%in 1998-2009 vs 8.5%in 2010-2019(Pl rates for children,adults,and elderly were 93.7%,67.5%,and 42.1%and 79.9%,39.2%,and 6.8%,respectively.Th

关键词： Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Dysphagia Enteral nutrition long-term Survival Complication