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legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, tX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l.) production systems on a lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (ClGM) and winter fallow (FAll) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. the ClGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. the CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Effect of high anodic polarization on the passive layer properties of superduplex stainless steel friction stir welds at different chloride electrolyte pH values and temperatures

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第6期26卷 710-721页

作者： l.A.Santa-Cruz G.Machado A.A.Vicente t.F.C.Hermenegildo t.F.A.Santos Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidade Federal de PernambucoAv.da Arquiteturas/n50740-550RecifePEBrazil Center of Nanotechnology Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do NordesteCETENERecifePEBrazil Department of Chemical Engineering Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil

the conditions used for friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels determine the resulting mechanical and corrosion performance of the *** study investigates the corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels(SDSSs)joined by friction stir welding,employing cyclic polarization,Mott–Schottky,and microscopy techniques for *** microscopy images indicated the presence of a deleterious intermetallic phase after electrolytic etching of S32760,as well as decreased corrosion *** presence of molybdenum in the steels promoted better passive behavior at low *** Mott–Schottky curves revealed p-n heterojunction behavior of the passive *** acquired after the polarization test by scanning electron microscopy showed higher passivation propensity with increases of temperature and pH.

关键词： superduplex stainless steel friction stir welding corrosion resistance cyclic polarization Mott–Schottky

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the Potential Contribution of Subsurface Drip Irrigation to Water-Saving Agriculture in the Western USA

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第7期8卷 850-854页

作者： t l thompson PANG Huan-cheng lI Yu-yi Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 P. R. China

Water shortages within the western USA are resulting in the adoption of water-saving agricultural practices within this region. Among the many possible methods for saving water in agriculture, the adoption of subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） provides a potential solution to the problem of low water use efficiency. Other advantages of SDI include reduced NO3 leaching compared to surface irrigation, higher yields, a dry soil surface for improved weed control, better crop health, and harvest flexibility for many specialty crops. the use of SDI also allows the virtual elimination of crop water stress, the ability to apply water and nutrients to the most active part of the root zone, protection of drip lines from damage due to cultivation and tillage, and the ability to irrigate with wastewater while preventing human contact. Yet, SDI is used only on a minority of cropland in the arid western USA. Reasons for the limited adoption of SDI include the high initial capital investment required, the need for intensive management, and the urbanization that is rapidly consuming farmland in parts of the western USA. the contributions of SDI to increasing yield, quality, and water use efficiency have been demonstrated. the two major barriers to SDI sustainability in arid regions are economics （i.e., paying for the SDI system）, including the high cost of installation; and salt accumulation, which requires periodic leaching, specialized tillage methods, or transplanting of seedlings rather than direct-seeding. We will review advances in irrigation management with SDI.

关键词： subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) water-saving agriculture western USA

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Effect of training on two-way Shape Memory Effect and Its Stability in a ti-Ni-Hf High temperature Shape Memory Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2003年第6期19卷 590-592页

作者： XianglongMENG WeiCAI K.t.lAU l.M.ZHOU lianchengZHAO SchoolofMaterialsScience&Engineering HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbin150001China DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversityHungHomKowloonHongKongChina

the Effect of the thermal cycling training under constant strain on the two-way shape memory effect (tWSME) in a ti36l\li49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) has been investigated by bending tests. the results indicated that the training procedure is beneficial to get the better tWSME. the two-way shape memory strain increases with increasing the training strain. And it decreases with increasing the training temperature. the tWSME obtained in the present alloy shows poorer stability compared with that obtained in the tiNi alloys.

关键词： tiNiHf alloy High temperature shape memory alloy two-way shape memory effect training

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Impact of lanthanum on the modification of HfO_2 films structure

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第8期33卷 857-862页

作者： t.P.Smirnova l.V.Yakovkina V.O.Borisov Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS

laxHf1-xOy thin films with various concentrations of la, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous distributions of elements throughout the films thickness was purposefully grown by CVD. the composition of the films and their chemical structures were characterized throughout the films thickness by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDXA）. A full picture of the film crystallinity was provided by the combination of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction （GIXRD） synchrotron radiation （SR） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR tEM）. It was shown that la acted as ＂molar volume modulator＂ and stabilized the nonequilibrium at t≤1300 ℃ cubic phases. the samples with la content in range of 7 at.%〈Cla〈22 at.% were materials with fluorite-type （Fm-3m） structure. the pyroehlore phase formation was observed at -18 at.% la content. the correlation between the la-doped content and the films microstructure was revealed.

关键词： Hf1-xlaxOy films solid solutions X-ray diffraction microstructure rare earths

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Sensitivity of the Simulation of tropical Cyclone Size to Microphysics Schemes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第9期33卷 1024-1035页

作者： Kelvin t.F.CHAN Johnny C.l.CHAN School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong

the sensitivity of the simulation of tropical cyclone （tC） size to microphysics schemes is studied using the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model （WRF）. Six tCs during the 2013 western North Pacific typhoon season and three mainstream microphysics schemes-Ferrier （FER）, WRF Single-Moment 5-class （WSM5） and WRF Single-Moment 6-class （WSM6）-are investigated. the results consistently show that the simulated tC track is not sensitive to the choice of microphysics scheme in the early simulation, especially in the open ocean. However, the sensitivity is much greater for tC intensity and inner-core size. the tC intensity and size simulated using the WSM5 and WSM6 schemes are respectively higher and larger than those using the FER scheme in general, which likely results from more diabatic heating being generated outside the eyewall in rainbands. More diabatic heating in rainbands gives higher inflow in the lower troposphere and higher outflow in the upper troposphere, with higher upward motion outside the eyewall. the lower-tropospheric inflow would transport absolute angular momentum inward to spin up tangential wind predominantly near the eyewall, leading to the increment in tC intensity and size （the inner-core size, especially）. In addition, the inclusion of graupel microphysics processes （as in WSM6） may not have a significant impact on the simulation of tC track, intensity and size.

关键词： tropical cyclone microphysics size intensity track numerical modelling

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Seasonal coolth storage system for residential buildings in Australia

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第3期19卷 740-747页

作者： t.lhendup l.Aye R.J.Fuller Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Group Department of Infrastructure EngineeringMelbourne School of EngineeringThe University of Melbourne

Night sky cooling is explored as an alternative to the conventional cooling technologies using fossil fuels. the night sky cooling method is based on the long wave radiation of unglazed collectors to the sky at night. An evaluation of the night sky cooling system is present for a residential building in three cities of Australia, namely Alice Springs, Darwin and Melbourne. the system comprises an unglazed flat plate solar collector integrated with borehole storage. It uses night sky radiation to reduce the temperature of the ground near to the boreholes. the system was simulated with tRNSYS, a transient simulation program. the simulation results for adequately sized systems show that night sky radiation is able to reduce the coolth storage borehole temperature and the proposed system is able to meet the cooling load of the residential building simulated in three locations. Borchole lengths of 270, 318 and 106 m are required for coolth storage with 90, 260 and 14 m2 collector area for heat rejection in Alice Springs, Darwin and Melbourne, respectively. At the 20th simulation year, the proposed system is able to achieve a system cooling coefficient of performance of 2.2 in Alice Springs, and 2.8 in Darwin and Melbourne.

关键词： night sky cooling borehole coolth storage unglazed solar collectors

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Elastic-plastic behavior of a semicircular frame being pressed against a rigid plane

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2008年第4期24卷 419-432页

作者： X.W.Zhang J.l.Yang t.X.Yu Institute of Solid Mechanics Beihang University Beijing 100083 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong China

As a simplified structural model, a semicircular frame is used to study the crashworthiness behavior of an aircraft fuselage. the quasi-static large elastic-plastic deformation of a semicircular frame in the process of its being pressed against a rigid ground is analyzed. First, based on the linear elastic assumption, the quasi-static large deformation contact process of the frame can be divided into three phases, i.e., point contact, line contact and post-buckling. By means of a shooting method, the relations between the displacement and contact force as well as the distribution of bending moment in the three phases are obtained. then, by assuming an elastic, perfectly-plastic moment-curvature relationship for the semi-circular frame, the contact process is analyzed in detail to reveal the plastic collapse mechanism, the traveling of plastic hinge and the force-displacement relationship. In order to verify the analysis, a preliminary experiment was conducted, in which two types of half rings with clamped ends were pressed by a rigid plate. In addition, a numerical simulation is also conducted by employing ABAQUS to analyze both rectangular cross-sectional beam and I-beam. Finally, the theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results and numerical solutions, showing that the elastic-plastic analysis can predict the contact process very well.

关键词： Elastic-plastic·large deformation ·Semicircular frame Contact ·traveling hinge

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Origin of extension twinning-mediated static recrystallization and unique parallel alignment of(0001) poles to transverse direction in Mg-3Al-0.4Mn(mass%) alloy sheet

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第9期11卷 3200-3213页

作者： t.Nakata C.Xu l.Geng S.Kamado Nagaoka University of technology 1603-1KamitomiokaNagaoka 940-2188Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of technology Harbin 150001China

the origin of unique parallel alignment of(0001) poles to transverse direction(tD) was investigated using Mg-3Al-0.4Mn(mass%)alloy sheets rolled with different process conditions. When rolling was performed with intermediate reheating, the alloy showed a sluggish static recrystallization(SRX) behavior during post-annealing, facilitating the nucleation and growth of statically recrystallized grains from extension twins. this resulted in the apparent texture component with the parallel alignment of the(0001) poles to the tD, and the sheet exhibited good ductility for both the rolling direction(RD) and tD. In contrast, continuous rolling without intermediate reheating led to the formation of severely deformed regions near double twins. SRX was promoted at such regions, forming a typical basal textural feature with weak RD-split of the(0001) poles. Although extension twins were formed after the continuous rolling, SRX was facilitated at the severely deformed regions with double twins, and the formation of the unique alignment of the(0001) poles to the tD was suppressed. the RD-split texture led to the large elongation to failure along the RD, while it along the tD decreased owing to the narrow distribution of the(0001)poles toward the tD, resulting in the in-plane anisotropy in ductility.

关键词： Magnesium Rolling twinning Static recrystallization texture

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Nonlinear stability of functionally graded material(FGM)sandwich cylindrical shells reinforced by FGM stiffeners in thermal environment

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第5期38卷 647-670页

作者： D.V.DUNG N.t.NGA l.K.HOA Faculty of Mathematics Mechanics and InformaticsVietnam National UniversityHanoi 100000Vietnam Faculty of Basic Science Military Logistic AcademyHanoi 100000Vietnam

In this paper, Donnell＇s shell theory and smeared stiffeners technique are improved to analyze the postbuckling and buckling behaviors of circular cylindrical shells of stiffened thin functionally graded material （FGM） sandwich under an axial loading on elastic foundations, and the shells are considered in a thermal environment. the shells are stiffened by FGM rings and stringers. A general sigmoid law and a general power law are proposed. thermal elements of the shells and reinforcement stiffeners are considered. Explicit expressions to find critical loads and postbuckling load-deflection curves are obtained by applying the Galerkin method and choosing the three-term approximate solution of deflection. Numerical results show various effects of temperature, elastic foundation, stiffeners, material and geometrical properties, and the ratio between face sheet thickness and total thickness on the nonlinear behavior of shells.

关键词： functionally graded material (FGM) stiffened cylindrical shell sandwich,thermal environment

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