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lHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第3期8卷 1437-1447页

作者： Zhen Cao F.Aharonian q.An Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen liang Chen lin Chen long Chen M.J.Chen M.l.Chen q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.l.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.l.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng l.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.l.Feng S.Gabici B.gao C.D.gao l.q.gao q.gao W.gao W.K.gao M.M.Ge l.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.l.Guo X.l.Guo Y.q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He X.B.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.l.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.li Cheng li Cong li D.li F.li H.B.li H.C.li H.Y.li J.li Jian li Jie li K.li W.l.li W.l.li X.R.li Xin li Y.Z.li Zhe li Zhuo li E.W.liang Y.F.liang S.J.lin B.liu C.liu D.liu H.liu H.D.liu J.liu J.l.liu J.Y.liu M.Y.liu R.Y.liu S.M.liu W.liu Y.liu Y.N.liu R.lu q.luo H.K.lv B.q.Ma l.l.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.qi Y.q.qi B.q.qiao J.J.qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz C.Y.Shao l.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam q.W.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang K.Wang l.P.Wang l.Y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.l.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.l.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.l.Xu l.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang l.l.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye l.q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.l.Zhang l.X.Zhang li Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zh Key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics 69029Heidelberg103980Germany State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006GuangdongChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024HebeiChina Key laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Tsung-Dao lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouZhuhai 510275519000GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina APC UniversitéParis CitéCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservatoire de ParisParis 11975205France Department of Engineering Phys

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of lHAASO,working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 *** simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data *** is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units(>6000)with large altitude difference(30)and huge coverage(1.3).In this paper,the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is *** process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory *** simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of *** running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector *** particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented,which show good agreement.

关键词： lHAASO KM2A Simulation GEANT4

Anchoring thiol-rich traps in 1D channel wall of metal-organic framework for efficient removal of mercury ions

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Chinese Chemical letters 2025年第2期36卷 432-435页

作者： Xudong Zhao Yuxuan Wang Xinxin gao Xinli gao Meihua Wang Hongliang Huang Baosheng liu College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Instrumental Analysis Center Taiyuan University of Science and Technology State Key laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTiangong University College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and Technology

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） attract broad interests in mercury （Hg） ion adsorption field,while unreasonable distribution of active groups commonly restricts their utilization *** this work,we constructed a new MOF （TYUST-6） with dense thiol-rich traps in the 1D pore *** accessible channel and rational distribution of thiols allow the smooth diffusion of Hg ions and thereby result in a high langmuir adsorption capacity of 1347.6 mg/g,almost reaching the theoretical maximum （1444.3 mg/g）.Adsorption equilibrium needs 10 and 30 min at the initial concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/l,*** co-existing ions and solution pH show almost negligible interferences on the adsorption,and adsorbent regeneration can be well *** experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations,the thiol groups in the pore wall are proved to be the dominant interaction ***,this work reports a novel high-capacity adsorbent for Hg2+,and proposes a feasible guideline for designing effective adsorbents.

关键词： Adsorption Mercury ion Metal-organic frameworks Thiol groups Waste water treatment

Reconstruction of Cherenkov image bymultiple telescopes of lHAASO-WFCTA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第4期6卷 544-557页

作者： F.Aharonian q.An Axikegu l.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai Zhe Cao Zhen Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang E.S.Chen liang Chen liang Chen long Chen M.J.Chen M.l.Chen q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.l.Chen Y.Chen H.l.Cheng N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli B.Z.Dai H.l.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu Ddella Volpe K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng l.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.l.Feng B.gao C.D.gao l.q.gao q.gao W.gao W.K.gao M.M.Ge l.S.Geng G.H.Gong q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.l.Guo J.G.Guo X.l.Guo Y.q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He S.l.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu q.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.l.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.levochkin B.B.li Cheng li Cong li F.li H.B.li H.C.li H.Y.li J.li Jian li Jie li K.li Wlli XRli Xin li Xin li YZli Zhe li Zhuo li E.W.liang Y.F.liang S.J.lin B.liu C.liu D.liu H.liu H.D.liu J.liu J.l.liu J.S.liu J.Y.liu M.Y.liu R.Y.liu S.M.liu W.liu Y.liu Y.N.liu W.J.long R.lu q.luo H.K.lv B.q.Ma l.l.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri Y.C.Nan Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.qi Y.q.qi B.q.qiao J.J.qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz C.Y.Shao l.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.Y.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang l.P.Wang l.Y.Wang R.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.l.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.l.Xu R.X.Xu l.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang l.l.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye l.q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.l.Zhang l.X.Zhang li Zhang lu Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zhang S.R.Zhang S. Key laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelovia Cinthia80126 NapoliItaly School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève

Introduction One of main scientiﬁc goals of the large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(lHAASO)is to accurately measure the energy spectra of different cosmic ray compositions around the‘knee’*** Wide Field-of-View(FoV)Cherenkov Telescope Array(WFCTA),which is one of the main detectors of lHAASO and has 18 telescopes,is built to achieve this *** telescopes are put together and point to connected directions for a larger *** Telescopes are deployed spatially as close as possible,but due to their own size,the distance between two adjacent telescopes is about 10 ***,the Cherenkov lateral distribution and the parallax between the two telescopes should be considered in the event building process for images crossing over the boundaries of FoVs of the *** event building method for Cherenkov images measured by multiple telescopes of WFCTA is *** performance of the shower measurements using the combined images is evaluated by comparing with showers that are fully contained by a virtual telescope in *** and conclusion It is proved that the developed event building process can help to increase the FoV of WFCTA by 30%while maintaining the same reconstruction quality,compared to the separate telescope reconstruction method.

关键词： method directions conclusion

Green disposal of waste smartphone protective film:Efficiency,mechanism,bench-scale test and secondary waste reutilization

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 692-702页

作者： Jiangyao Chen Shunyu Ding Chenxu gao Canhui Chen Taicheng An Guangdong Key laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Key laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and HealthSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for ***,available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant *** present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from WSPF,but also reused the stripped polyacrylate(PAA)adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste *** the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/l NaOH solution at 90°C,the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol,weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of *** bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2%of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF(200 g for each)without supplement of NaOH and generation of ***,the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647%for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and ***,the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent,which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH *** study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry.

关键词： Smartphone accessory Waste protective film Green recycle Polyethylene terephthalate Polyacrylate Adsorbent

Boosted solar water oxidation steered by atomically precise alloy nanocluster

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Chinese Chemical letters 2025年第1期36卷 349-354页

作者： Xian Yan Huawei Xie gao Wu Fang-Xing Xiao College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University(New Campus)Minhou 350108China Department of Forensic Science The Engineering Research CenterFujian Police CollegeFuzhou 350002China State Key laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters(NCs)have been deemed as a new generation of metal nanomaterials in the field of solar energy conversion due to their unique atomic stacking manner,quantum confinement effects,light-harvesting capability and multitude of active ***,wide-spread application of monometallic NCs is blocked by the ultrashort carrier lifespan,uncontrollable charge transport pathway,and light-induced poor stability,impeding the construction of robust and stable metal NC-based ***,we report the fabrication of stable alloy(Au_(1-x)Pt_(x))NCs photosystem,for which tailor-made negatively charged l-glutathione(GSH)-capped Au_(1-x)Pt_(x)NCs as the building blocks are controllably deposited on the Bi VO_(4)(BVO)by a self-assembly approach for steering enhanced light absorption and interfacial charge transfer over alloy NCs-based photoanodes(Au_(1-x)Pt_(x)/BVO).The self-assembled Au_(1-x)Pt_(x)/BVO composite photoanode exhibits the significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation performances compared with pristine BVO and Au_(x)/BVO photoanodes,which is caused by the Pt atom doping into the Au_(x)NCs for elevating photosensitivity and boosting the *** synergy of Au and Pt atoms in alloy NCs protects the gold core from rapid oxidation,improving the photostability and accelerating the surface charge transfer *** work would significantly inspire ongoing interest in unlocking the charge transport characteristics of atomically precise alloy NCs for solar energy conversion.

关键词： Alloy nanoclusters Self-assembly Charge transport Photoanodes Photoelectrochemical water oxidation

How sediment dredging alters phosphorus dynamics in a lowland rural river?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 189-199页

作者： qimou Zhang Jiacong Huang Yulai Ji Jing Zhang Shuai Zhang Junfeng gao Key laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10094China

China’s lowland rural rivers are facing severe eutrophication problems due to excessive phosphorus(P)from anthropogenic ***,quantifying P dynamics in a lowland rural river is challenging due to its complex interaction with surrounding areas.A P dynamic model(River-P)was specifically designed for lowland rural rivers to address this *** modelwas coupled with the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code(EFDC)and the Phosphorus Dynamic Model for lowland Polder systems(PDP)to characterize P dynamics under the impact of dredging in a lowland rural *** on a two-year(2020-2021)dataset from a representative lowland rural river in the lake Taihu Basin,China,the coupled model was calibrated and achieved a model performance(R^(2)>0.59,RMSEl)for total P(TP)*** research in the study river revealed that(1)the time scale for the effectiveness of sediment dredging for P control was~300 days,with an increase in P retention capacity by 74.8 kg/year and a decrease in TP concentrations of 23%after dredging.(2)Dredging significantly reduced P release from sediment by 98%,while increased P resuspension and settling capacities by 16%and 46%,respectively.(3)The sediment-water interface(SWI)plays a critical role in P transfer within the river,as resuspension accounts for 16%of TP imports,and settling accounts for 47%of TP *** the large P retention capacity of lowland rural rivers,drainage ditches and ponds with macrophytes are promising approaches to enhance P retention *** study provides valuable insights for local environmental departments,allowing a comprehensive understanding of P dynamics in lowland rural *** enable the evaluation of the efficacy of sediment dredging in P control and the implementation of corresponding P control measures.

关键词： lowland rural river Phosphorus Sediment dredging Model ensemble Retention capacity

Oxalate modification enabled advanced phosphate removal of nZVI:In Situ formed surface ternary complex and altered multi-stage adsorption process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 79-87页

作者： Shiyu Cao Jiangshan li Yanbiao Shi Furong Guo Tingjuan gao lizhi Zhang Key laboratory of Pesticide&Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental&Applied ChemistryCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

Nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising phosphate adsorbent for advanced phosphate ***,the rapid passivation of nZVI and the low activity of adsorption sites seriously limit its phosphate removal performance,accounting for its inapplicability to meet the emission criteria of 0.1 mg P/l *** this study,we report that the oxalate modification can inhibit the passivation of nZVI and alter the multi-stage phosphate adsorption mechanism by changing the adsorption *** expected,the stronger antipassivation ability of oxalate modified nZVI(OX-nZVI)strongly favored its phosphate ***,the oxalate modification endowed the surface Fe(III)sites with the lowest chemisorption energy and the fastest phosphate adsorption ability than the other adsorption sites,by in situ forming a Fe(III)-phosphate-oxalate ternary complex,therefore enabling an advanced phosphate removal *** an initial phosphate concentration of 1.00 mg P/l,pH of 6.0 and a dosage of 0.3 g/l of adsorbents,OX-nZVI exhibited faster phosphate removal rate(0.11 g/mg/min)and lower residual phosphate level(0.02 mg P/l)than nZVI(0.055 g/mg/min and 0.19 mg P/l).This study sheds light on the importance of site manipulation in the development of high-performance adsorbents,and offers a facile surface modification strategy to prepare superior iron-basedmaterials for advanced phosphate removal.

关键词： Oxalate modification Advanced phosphate removal Nano zero-valent iron(nZVI) Surface ternary complex Multi-stage adsorption

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： lHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong gao Cong li Ruo-Yu liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

Bulging Performance and quality Control of Aluminum Alloy Tailor-welded Overlapping Sheets Based on Interface Friction

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 258-264页

作者： gao Tiejun gao Bowen lI Weijie ZHANG Jiabin College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Shenyang Aerospace Xinguang Group Co.l td. Shenyang 110043China

In order to solve the problem of poor formability caused by different materials and properties in the process of tailor-welded sheets forming,a forming method was proposed to change the stress state of tailor-welded sheets by covering the tailor-welded sheets with better plastic properties overlapping *** the same time,the interface friction effect between the overlapping and tailor-welded sheets was utilized to control the stress magnitude and further improve the formability and quality of the tailor-welded *** this work,the bulging process of the tailor-welded overlapping sheets was taken as the research *** alloy tailor-welded overlapping sheets bulging specimens were studied by a combination of finite element analysis and experimental *** results show that the appropriate use of interface friction between tailor-welded and overlapping sheets can improve the formability of tailor-welded sheets and control the flow of weld seam to improve the forming *** increasing the interface friction coefficient on the side of tailor-welded sheets with higher strength and decreasing that on the side of tailor-welded sheets with lower strength,the deformation of the tailor-welded sheets are more uniform,the offset of the weld seam is minimal,the limit bulging height is maximal,and the forming quality is optimal.

关键词： tailor-welded sheets overlapping sheet bulging interface friction weld seam stress