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Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego Jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the lysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(lRR-MAl RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-lIKE KInASE 1-lIKE group(CrRlK1l)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of glycans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Time trends and outcomes of gastrostomy placement in a Swedish national cohort over two decades

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1358-1367页

作者： Martin löfling Skogar Magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75185Sweden

BACKGROUnD Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)and laparoscopically inserted gastrostomy have become the gold standard for adult patients and children,respectively,requiring long-term enteral nutrition ***-related mortality is a rare event,often reported to be zero in smaller *** data on 30-d mortality and long-term survival rates after gastrostomy placement are scarce in the *** To study the use of gastrostomies in Sweden from 1998-2019 and to analyze procedure-related mortality and short-term(nd long-term *** In this retrospective,population-based cohort study,individuals that had received a gastrostomy between 1998-2019 in Sweden were *** were identified in the Swedish national Patient Register,and survival analysis was possible by cross-referencing the Swedish Death *** cohort was divided into three age groups:Children(0-18 years);adults(19-64 years);and elderly(≥65 years).Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test and Cox regression were used for survival *** In total 48682 individuals(52%males,average age 60.9±25.3 years)were *** cohort consisted of 12.0%children,29.5%adults,and 58.5%*** increased use of gastrostomies was observed during the study period,from 13.7/100000 to 22.3/100000 individuals(Pn doubled(about 800 to 1800/year),with a corresponding decrease in open gastrostomy(about 700 to 340/year).laparoscopic gastrostomy increased more than ten-fold(about 20 to 240/year).Overall,PEG,open gastrostomy,and laparoscopic gastrostomy constituted 70.0%(n=34060),23.3%(n=11336),and 4.9%(n=2404),***-related mortality was 0.1%(n=44)overall(PEG:0.05%,open:0.24%,laparoscopic:0.04%).The overall 30-d mortality rate was 10.0%(PEG:9.8%,open:12.4%,laparoscopic:1.7%)and decreased from 11.6%in 1998-2009 vs 8.5%in 2010-2019(Pne-year and ten-year survival rates for children,adults,and elderly were 93.7%,67.5%,a

关键词： Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Dysphagia Enteral nutrition long-term Survival Complication

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Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar Sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

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Evaluation of periglacial landforms and formation of soil properties on the Mount Honaz,SW Türkiye

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3047-3067页

作者： SERİn Soner UnCU levent DEDE Volkan TÜRKEŞMurat Institute of Social Sciences İstanbul Universityİstanbul 34119Türkiye Department of Geography BilecikŞeyh Edebali UniversityBilecik 11234Türkiye Department of Geography Ardahan UniversityArdahan 75002Türkiye Center for Climate Change and Policy Studies Boğaziçi Universityİstanbul 34342Türkiye

The main aim of this study is to explain periglacial processes on the summits of Mount Honaz(2571 m a.s.l.),define periglacial landforms,and determine the relationships between morphometric features and topographic *** circles,stony earth circles,non sorted steps,and non sorted stripes were identified on the summits of Mount ***'s correlation coefficient(r)and linear regression analyses were performed by taking metric measurements from 125 periglacial landforms to describe their morphometric features(length,width,height)of periglacial landforms and explain the relationships between them and topographic factors(elevation,slope).To explain the relationships between periglacial landforms and soil properties,soil samples from 11 periglacial landforms were taken and *** landforms,which continue to develop on the summits of Mount Honaz today,have been evaluated with present climate *** of soil samples indicates a notable impact of parent material on the genesis of periglacial *** high ratio of organic matter in mud circle and non sorted step landforms and the high lime ratio in stony earth circle landforms prove a strong relationship between the formation mechanisms of landforms and the soil ***,it is consistent with the findings obtained from the analysis that severe periglacial processes and washing and scavenging events are experienced more on the northern slopes.

关键词： Periglacial processes and geomorphology Soil analysis Morphometric analysis Mount Honaz Türkiye

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Petrologic evolution of the Gysian ophiolitic serpentinites,nW Iran

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 996-1011页

作者： Monir Modjarrad Donna l.Whitney Hadi Omrani Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesGolestan UniversityGorgānIran

The Gysian ophiolite of nW Iran is located at the intersection of the ophiolite belts of SE Turkey,nE Iraq,and Iran,and provides the opportunity to investigate the preserved subduction and obduction history of an important tectonic site that has not previously been *** serpentinized peridotites of the Gysian ophiolite contain the assemblagelizardite+chrysotile+spinel/Mg-spinelwith relict clinopyroxene(diopside)and very rare relict orthopyroxene and *** compositions of clinopyroxenes and spinels are more consistent with the formation of the inferred protolithharzburgitesinafore-arcorsupra-subduction zone instead of an abyssal *** Gysian ophiolite is a remnant of the neo-Tethyan arc-ophiolitic system and records shallow subduction(ndicated by the absence of antigorite)in the late Cretaceous to Paleocene beforeobductionalongthrustfaultsoverthecontinental *** review the spatial trends of the metamorphic grade of the neo-Tethyan ophiolites in this region and provide detailed information about the petrology and mineral chemistry of the Gysian ophiolite.

关键词： Ophiolite neo-Tethyan Gysian Serpentinite Iran

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Validation of the TOPAS Monte-Carlo Code of the Off-Field Dose of a 6 MV Synergy linac

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kodjo Joel Fabrice n’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé D. l. H. Gogon Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of radiation-induced second cancer and the late tissue loss due to Off-field doses in radiotherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is currently one of the most accurate methods for calculating these doses. MC simulation model based on the Particle Simulation Tool (TOPAS) has been developed to simulate the off-field dose of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (linac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to validate this model. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) at the depth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 field size was measured and simulated. Off-field dose profiles at the depth of 1.5 (dmax), 5.0 and 10.0 cm for field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and 20 × 20 cm2 respectively were measured and simulated. Comparison of measured and simulated off-field dose values showed a good agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the PDDs and profiles curves for off-field doses were 87.5% and 98.11% respectively. The local dose difference based on the PDD curve between the measured and simulated was less than 6.0 % for all locations. For all field size considered in this study, the average difference between profile curves for off-field dose measured and simulated was 9.1%. PDDs and Profiles curves for off-field dose simulation uncertainties were less than 2.0% and 1.0% respectively. TOPAS-MC simulation model developed is a good representation of our 6 MV linac Elekta Synergy for assessing off-field dose, which would be the primary cause of some secondary cancers.

关键词： Radiotherapy Off-Field Dose Secondary Cancer TOPAS-MC Simulation Dosimetry

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First results of turbulence investigation on Globus-M2 using radial correlation Doppler reflectometry

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第10期26卷 49-55页

作者： A.POnOMAREnKO A.YASHIn V.GUSEV E.KISElEV G.KURSKIEV V.MInAEV Y.PETROV n.SAKHAROV P.SHCHEGOlEV E.TKACHEnKO n.ZHIlTSOV Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University St.Petersburg 195251Russia Ioffe Institute St.Petersburg 194064Russia

The first results of investigation of the turbulence structure using Doppler backscattering(DBS)on the Globus-M2 tokamak are presented.A one-channel DBS system with a variable probing frequency within the 18–26 GHz range was installed to investigate the edge plasma at normalized minor radiiρ=0.9–*** correlation Doppler reflectometry was used to study the changes in turbulence eddies after the lH *** analysis was applied to the phase derivative of complex in-phase and quadrature(IQ)signals of the DBS diagnostic as it contains information about the poloidal plasma rotation *** l-mode,the radial correlation length l_(r)is estimated to be 3 cm and after transition to H-mode reduces to approximately 2 *** modelling in a linear local approximation using code GEnE indicates that the instability with positive growth rate at the normalized minor radiusρ=0.75 in l-mode and H-mode on Globus-M2 was the ion temperature gradient(ITG)mode.

关键词： tokamak turbulence Doppler backscattering correlation reflectometry

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa l.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt n.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SnPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SnPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SnPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SnP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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Single atom Cu-n-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rodríguez M.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arévalo-Cid M.V.Martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo M.J.lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOlEIl L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-n-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-n-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-nC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-n_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-n-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

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Biomass gasification,catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol:new horizons for industry decarbonisation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 306-318页

作者： luis F.Bobadilla lola Azancot Miriam González-Castañ Estela Ruíz-lópez laura Pastor-Pérez Francisco J.Durán-Olivencia Runping Ye Katie Chong Paula HBlanco-Sánchez Zenthao Wu Tomás R.Reina JoséA.Odriozola Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de SevillaAvda.Américo Vespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain Departamento de Ingeniería Universidad Loyola AndalucíaAvda.de Las Universidades s/nSevilla 41704Spain Key laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(EBRI) Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission *** implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply *** fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector,particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are *** addition,it helps reducing the carbon footprint of these sectors in the *** on biomass characteristics feedstock is essential for scaling-up gasification from the laboratory to *** review deals with the transformation biogenic residues into a valuable bioenergy carrier like biomethanol as the liquid sunshine based on the combination of modified mature technologies such as gasification with other innovative solutions such as membranes and microchannel *** abatement is a critical process in product gas upgrading since tars compromise downstream processes and equipment,for this,membrane technology for upgrading syngas quality is discussed in this *** reactor technology with the design of state-of-the-art multifunctional catalysts provides a path to develop decentralised biomethanol synthesis from biogenic ***,the development of a process chain for the production of(i)methanol as an intermediate energy carrier,(ii)electricity and(iii)heat for decentralised applications based on biomass feedstock flexible gasification,gas upgrading and methanol synthesis is analysed.

关键词： Biogenic residues Gasification Biomethanol Circular Economy Microreactors

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