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Plastic scintillator detector for qualitative and quantitative measurements of gamma radiation

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Radiation Detection Technology and methods 2023年第4期7卷 578-588页

作者： Vaishali m.Thakur Nitin Bhosale Amit Jain mukesh Sharma l.m.chaudhari Probal Chaudhury Radiation Safety Systems Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai400085India Department of Physics Nowrosjee Wadia CollegePune411001India

Background Plastic scintillator detectors are rugged and easily manufactured in desired shape,sizes and response time to gamma radiation is prompt as compared with any other scintillator *** popular these detectors are used in radiation monitors one of the application to restrict radioactive material *** are used in gross counting mode to know the presence of *** secondary survey is required to know the nature of the *** The feasibility study of Cylindrical Plastic Scintillator Detector(CPSD)was carried out for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of gamma emitting *** In this work limited gamma spectrometry was carried out using NE110 equivalent cylindrical plastic scintillating material of 5.1 cm diameter and 100 cm *** is optically coupled to photomultiplier tube(PmT).The detector signal is processed using preamplifier,shaping amplifier and further analysed by a multi channel analyser(mCA).CPSD gamma spectrum consists of Compton continuum and Gaussian shaped Compton edge energy(λ_(e))appearing as Compton maxima energy(λ_(max)).Photon transport simulation is used to characterizeλ_(max) as a signature for radionuclides emitting gamma energy/*** case of unresolved gamma energies,it appears as weighted effective Compton maxima *** prominent gamma energies observed across nuclear industries are in the energy range 0.03–3 *** is grouped as low energy,intermediate energy,high energy and ultra-high energy *** simulated spectrum is obtained suing Gaussian broadening parameters deduced from experimentally measured *** efficiency response function is developed from simulated response of detector to standard gamma sources under known source detector *** The mono energetic gamma emitting radioisotopes are identified againstλ_(max) from data *** analysis of spectrum is used to discriminate artificial radioactive materi

关键词： Plastic scintillator detector Gaussian broadening Compton edge Compton maxima Weighted effective Compton maxima Gamma spectrum multi-channel analyzer

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage mark l.Dell’Acqua Brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Neutronic analysis of Indian helium-cooled solid breeder tritium breeding module for testing in ITER

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第6期24卷 189-195页

作者： H l SWAmI Deepak SHARmA C DANANI P chaudhari R SRINIVASAN Rajesh KUmAR Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar 382428India Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in *** module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron *** also enhances tritium breeding.A design for the module is prepared for detailed *** analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate,neutron distribution,and heat distribution in the *** tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport *** tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the *** heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit *** estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material *** total tritium produced in the HCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER,considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell *** estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW,which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling *** heat deposition in the test blanket model(TBm)is huge(around 9 GJ)for an entire day of operation of ITER,which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor *** per the Brayton cycle,it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical *** terms of power production,this would be around 1655 mWh *** evaluation is carried out using the mCNP5 monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNl 2.1 nuclear cross section *** HCSB TBm neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.

关键词： HCSB TBm tritium nuclear heat ITER

Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： Nadeesha R Samarasinghe Taniya S Nagpal michele l Barbeau Charys m martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(mSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving mSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of mSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement mSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： medical education musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1267-1282页

作者： Rahul chaudhari Sherouk Fouda Ashik Sainu Joseph m Pappachan Department of medicine Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPA 19104United States School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aster Oman HospitalAl GhubraMuscat OM 133Oman Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a systemic disease that is implicated in multiple extrahepatic organ dysfunction contributing to its protean manifestations. HCV is associated with diverse extrahepatic disorders including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases over and above the traditional liver manifestations of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The orchestration between HCV major proteins and the liver-muscle-adipose axis, poses a major burden on the global health of human body organs, if not adequately addressed. The close and inseparable associations between chronic HCV infection, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disorders are specifically important considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and their economic burden to patients, the healthcare systems, and society. Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interplay of these organs and tissues in health and disease are therefore of significant interest. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and chronic hepatitis C infection also enhances the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of metabolic disorders is believed to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV leading to liver disease progression. This comprehensive review highlights current knowledge on the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C and the potential pathways in which these metabolic changes can influence the natural history of the disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C infection Insulin resistance metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular diseases Fatty liver Diabetes mellitus

Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with metabolicassociated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第3期29卷 487-502页

作者： mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Rahul chaudhari Joseph m Pappachan Sherouk Fouda Department of Endocrinology and metabolism University Hospitals of EdinburghEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298United States Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VICAustralia

People across the world are affected by the"coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)",brought on by the"SARS-CoV type-2 coronavirus".Due to its high incidence in individuals with diabetes,metabolic syndrome,and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(mAFlD),COVID-19 has gained much *** metabolic syndrome's hepatic manifestation,mAFlD,carries a significant risk of *** link between the above two conditions has also drawn increasing consideration since mAFlD is intricately linked to the obesity *** of the metabolic syndrome,mAFlD may impact the severity of the viral infections,including COVID-19 or may even be a risk *** important question is whether the present COVID-19 pandemic has been fueled by the obesity and mAFlD *** liver markers are seen elevated in *** patients with associated comorbid conditions like obesity,cardiovascular disease,renal disease,malignancy,hypertension,and old age are prone to develop severe *** is an urgent need for more studies to determine the link between the two conditions and whether it might account for racial differences in the mortality and morbidity rates linked to *** role of innate and adaptive immunity alterations in mAFlD patients may influence the severity of *** review investigates the implications of COVID-19 on liver injury and disease severity and *** also addressed the severity of COVID-19 in patients with prior mAFlD and its potential implications and therapeutic administration in the clinical setting.

关键词： metabolic-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Angiotensin converting enzyme 2

A neutronic experiment to support the design of an Indian TBm shield module for ITER

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 147-152页

作者： H l SWAmI m ABHANGI Sanchit SHARmA S TIWARI A N mISTRY V VASAVA V mEHTA S VAlA C DANANI V chaudhari P CHAUDHURI Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar Gujarat 382428 India Homi Bhabha National Institute(HBNI) Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007 India

A shield module is associated with an Indian Test Blanket module (TBm) in ITER to limit the radiation doses in port inter-space *** shield module is made of stainless steel plates and water *** is identified as an important component for radiation protection because of its radiation exposure control *** radiation protection classification leads to more assurance of the component *** order to validate and verify the design of the shield module,a neutronic laboratory-scale experiment is designed and *** experiment is planned by considering the irradiation under a neutron source of 14 meV and yields of 1010 n *** reference neutron spectrum of the ITER TBm shield module has been achieved through optimization of the neutron source spectrum by a combination of steel and lead *** neutron spectrum and flux are measured using a multiple foil activation technique and neutron dose-rate meter lB 6411 (He-3 proton recoil counter with polyethylene),*** neutronic design simulation is assessed using mCNP5 and FENDl 2.1 crosssection *** paper covers neutronic design,irradiation and the outcome of the experiment in detail.

关键词： TBm shield module neutronic experiment ITER mCNP neutron attenuation

Variation in the Flaring Potential of Different Sunspot Groups During Different Phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 144-153页

作者： Abha Singh Anurag chaudhari Gyaneshwar Sharma A.K.Singh Department of Physics T.D.P.G.College Jaunpur-222002India Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(C,m,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to *** this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in SC-23 and 6598 in SC-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in SC-23 and 12034 in SC-24)with sunspot *** defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar *** we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different mcIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of SC-23 and *** addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,C,D,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of SC-23 and *** are our findings:(1)D,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,C and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex D,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,C and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in SC-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in SC-24 than in SC-23,although SC-24 is a weaker cycle than SC-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(C+m+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during SC-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of C,D,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both SC-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of SC-23 but also in the maximum phase of SC-24.

关键词： (Sun:)sunspots-Sun flares-Sun activity-Sun magnetic fields-Sun filaments-prominences

Structural,magnetic and dielectric properties of nano-crystalline Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) ceramics formulated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第2期2卷 135-140页

作者： Yogesh A.chaudhari Chandrashekhar m.mAHAJAN Prashant P.JAGTAP Subhash T.BENDRE Department of Physics School of Physical SciencesNorth Maharashtra UniversityJalgaon 425001India Department of Engineering Sciences and Humanities(DESH) SRTTC-FOEKamshetPune 410405India Department of Engineering Sciences and Humanities(DESH) Vishwakarma Institute of Technology(VIT)Pune 411037India

Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) powders with the composition BiFe_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(3)(x=0.05,0.1 and 0.15)were prepared by a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS),using metal nitrates as oxidizers and glycine as *** X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns depict that Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) ceramics crystallize in a rhombhohedral *** scanning electron micrographs of Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) ceramics show a dense morphology with interconnected *** is found that,the room-temperature magnetization measurements in Ni-incorporated BiFeO_(3) ceramics give rise to nonzero *** magnetization of Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) ceramics is significantly enhanced when Ni doping concentration reaches to x=0.1 at 5 *** variations of dielectric constant with temperature in BiFe_(0.95)Ni_(0.05)O_(3),BiFe_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3) and BiFe_(0.85)Ni_(0.15)O_(3) samples exhibit clear dielectric anomalies approximately around 450℃,425℃and 410℃respectively,which correspond to antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition of the parent compound BiFeO_(3).

关键词： Ni-doped BiFeO_(3) self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) X-ray diffraction(XRD) magnetic properties dielectric properties