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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第7期12卷 1101-1107页

作者： Majid Moshirfar William D.Wagner Steven H.linn David f.Skanchy Tanner W.Brown Aaron T.Gomez Jackson l.Goldberg Yasmyne C.Ronquillo phillip C.Hoopes Jr. HDR Research Center Hoopes VisionDraper UT 84020USA John A. Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Utah lions Eye Bank MurrayUT 84107USA Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine RichmondVA23298USA McGovem Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center HoustonTX77030USA The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX78539USA

AIM: To evaluate the light adjustable lens (lAl) vs a standard monofocal lens in achieving target astigmatic refraction and improving postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA).METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with pre-existing astigmatism and visually significant cataract. Twenty-eight patients received the lAl and 12 control patients received a monofocal intraocular lens (IOl) after cataract extraction at a single institution. The patients with the lAl underwent adjustment by ultraviolet (UV) light postoperatively plus subsequent lock-in procedures and all patients returned to clinic for follow up of study parameters at 6, 9, and 12mo. Manifest refraction, distance visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded at each visit. RESUlTS: The mean cylinder before adjustment in eyes with the lAl was -0.89±0.58 D (-2.00 to 0.00 D) and -0.34±0.34 D (-1.25 to 0.00 D) after lock-in (P=1.68×10^-8). The mean cylinder in patients with the monofocal lens was -1.00±0.32 D (-1.50 to -0.50 D) at 17-21d postoperatively, which was statistically different from the lAl cylinder post lock-in (P=1.43×10^-6). UDVA in the lAl group was 20/20 or better in 79% of patients post lock-in with good stability over 12mo compared with 33% of the control patients with UDVA of 20/20 or ***: These results demonstrate that the lAl is more effective in achieving target refractions and improving postoperative UDVA in patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism than a standard monofocal lens.

关键词： light adjustable lens monofocal lens astigmatism cataract

Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Winter Wheat “Buster” Population during the Vegetative Stage under Heat Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 1276-1295页

作者： Pratishtha Poudel Vijaya Gopal Kakani phillip D. Alderman Brett f. Carver Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

Phenotypic assessment of breeding population is important to identify robust lines for incorporating into future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify potential lines from a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population, based on their morpho-physiological traits, for improved heat tolerance. A subset of 100 lines of the double haploid (DH) population named “Buster”, developed from two successful Oklahoma wheat varieties (Billings and Duster), was used in the study. Two experiments were conducted one in a greenhouse and the other in growth chambers. Data on plant height, tiller number, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigments were collected from the greenhouse;whereas the data on physiological parameters (leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), electron transport rate (ETR), Photosystem II efficiency (Fv'/Fm') and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE)) were collected from the growth chambers. Buster lines were significantly (Ple="font-family:Verdana;"> fferent both morphologically and physiologically. A wide range of observations among genotypes for different morph

关键词： Wheat Breeding Buster Heat Stress Morphological Photosynthesis Physiological

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制造程序下

制造程序下

Weed Control and Crop Safety with Premixed <i>S</i>-Metolachlor and Sulfentrazone in Sunflower

1980年

作者： B.H.AMSTEAD phillip f.OSTWAlD MYRON l.BEGEMAN原陈健春陈贵东译

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1625-1631页

作者： Seshadri S. Reddy phillip W. Stahlman Patrick W. Geier Curtis R. Thompson 2014 Throckmorton Hall Kansas State University Manhattan USA Agricultural Research Center Kansas State University Hays USA

A preliminary study conducted in the central USA near Colby and Hays, Kansas (KS) in 2010 indicated a premix of S-metolachlor & sulfentrazone codenamed f7583 (Broadaxe?) had good potential for use in sunflower (Helianthus annuus l.). Additional studies were conducted in 2011 at Colby, Hays, Manhattan, KS to refine rate and application timing of f7583 for weed control and crop safety. four rates of f7583 (860, 1100, 1350 and 1840 g·ha-1) were compared to single rates of S-metolachlor and pendimethalin, and applied 21 days preplant versus preemergence (PRE). f7583 at ≥1100 g·ha-1 applied preplant or PRE controlled Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (l.) Schrad.] ≥95% and 100%, respectively in neutral pH soils. In slightly acidic soils, PRE application of f7583 was more effective against Palmer amaranth and grass weeds compared to preplant application. No benefit was gained by increasing the rate of f7583 from 1100 to 1350 g·ha-1 at either application timing. Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris l.) control was not commercially satisfactory with f7583 at any rate or time of application. Both S-metolachlor at 1070 g·ha-1 and pendimethalin at 1600 g·ha-1 applied either preplant or PRE were considerably less effective on all three broadleaf weeds compared to f7583 treatments. Individually, S-metolachlor and pendimethalin were more effective when applied PRE compared to preplant application. f7583 did not reduce sunflower plant population or visibly injure sunflower anytime during the season.

关键词： Broadaxe Sulfentrazone S-Metolachlor Sunflower Crop Injury Kochia Palmer Amaranth

Inheritance and allelism of morphological traits in eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis l.)

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 73-83页

作者： David J.Roberts Dennis J.Werner phillip A.Wadl Robert N.Trigiano Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityBox 7609Raleigh27695-7609NCUSA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee2505 E.J.Chapman Dr.370 Plant Biotechnology Bldg.Knoxville37996TNUSA

Inheritance of purple,gold,and variegated foliage types,weeping architecture,and double flower was explored in f1,f2,and backcross families resulting from controlled hybridization of eastern redbud(Cercis canadensis l.).Potential allelic relationships were explored when *** analysis in families derived from controlled hybridization of‘Covey’(green leaf)and‘forest Pansy’(purple leaf)suggest that purple leaf color and weeping architecture are both controlled by single recessive genes,for which the symbols pl1 and wp1 are proposed,*** of gold leaf was explored in families of‘Covey’(green leaf)×‘Hearts of Gold’(gold leaf).Interpretation of inheritance of gold leaf in these families was confounded by the recovery of a leaf color phenotype in the f2 family unlike either ***,data suggested the action of a single locus controlling gold leaf color in‘Hearts of Gold’,and that instability of gold leaf expression may be based on transposable element *** of gold leaf in the f2 families of‘Texas White’[green leaf(*** ***)]×‘JN2’[gold leaf(The Rising Sun)]did not fit a Mendelian *** of progeny of‘Silver Cloud’and‘floating Clouds’(both showing white/green leaf variegation)with non-variegated cultivars demonstrated that variegation in‘Silver Cloud’is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene,while variegation in‘floating Clouds’is controlled by cytoplasmic *** symbol var1 is proposed for the gene controlling variegation in‘Silver Cloud’.Double flower in progeny derived from‘flame’(double flower)suggested that double flower is dominant to single flower,and that‘flame’is heterozygous at the double-flower locus,for which the symbol Df1 is *** studies showed that the gene controlling purple leaf in‘forest Pansy’is allelic to the purple leaf gene in‘Greswan’and that the gene controlling weeping phenotype in‘Traveller’(*** ***)is non-allelic to the wee

关键词： Inheritance Silver symbol

Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe Thorsten Blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell larry B.Crowder Ashley l.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.fujita Benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie V.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly John N.Kittinger phillip S.levin John M.lynham Megan E.Mach Rebecca G.Martone lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal f.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College london Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA Botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement

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新英格兰医学中心后循环登记

中华脑血管病论坛 2005年第2期3卷 191-199页

作者： louis R. Caplan Robert J. Wityk Thomas A. Glass Jorge Tapia ladislav Pazdera Hui-Meng Chang phillip Teal John f. Dashe Claudia J. Chaves Joan C. Breen Kostas Vemmos Pierre Amarenco Barbara Tettenborn Megan leary Conrad Estol, l Dana Dewitt Michael S. Pessin 程言博（校）刘春风（校）不详苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科 215004

在407例新英格兰医学中心后循环登记患者中，59%为不伴TIA的卒中，24%在卒中前有TIA，16%仅表现为TIA。栓塞是最常见的卒中机制（占40%，其中24%为心源性栓塞，14%为动脉-动脉栓塞，2%两者兼有）。在32%的患者中，大动脉闭塞性损害导致... 详细信息

在407例新英格兰医学中心后循环登记患者中，59%为不伴TIA的卒中，24%在卒中前有TIA，16%仅表现为TIA。栓塞是最常见的卒中机制（占40%，其中24%为心源性栓塞，14%为动脉-动脉栓塞，2%两者兼有）。在32%的患者中，大动脉闭塞性损害导致血流动力学性脑缺血。梗死最常出现在后循环远段供血区（脑干腹侧、小脑上部以及枕叶和颞叶），近段（延髓和小脑后下部）和中段（桥脑和小脑前下部）供血区受累的比例相当。148例患者存在至少累及1支大动脉的重度闭塞性损害（狭窄〉50%），134例患者有单侧或双侧动脉受累。最常见的闭塞部位是椎动脉颅外段（52例患者，15例双侧）、椎动脉颅内段（40例患者，12例双侧）和基底动脉（46例患者）。动脉-动脉栓塞是椎动脉闭塞性疾病患者最常见的脑梗死发病机制。30d病死率为3.6%。发病机制为栓塞，远段供血区受累和基底动脉闭塞性疾病患者的预后最差。具有多处动脉狭窄部位的患者转归最好。他们通常经年累月地发生TIA。

关键词：新英格兰循环医学发病机制血流动力学 TIA 动脉患者脑缺血小脑

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成人缺血性卒中早期处理指南

国际脑血管病杂志 2007年第6期15卷 401-450页

作者： Harold P. Adams Gregory del Zoppo Mark J. Alberts Deepak l. Bhatt lawrence Brass Anthony furlan Robert l. Grubb Randall T. Higashida Edward C. Jauch Chelsea Kidwell Patrick D. lyden lewis B. Morgenstern Adnan I. Qureshi Robert H. Rosenwasser phillip A. Scott Eelco f.M. Wijdicks 李焰生（译）熊昕丽（译）林岩（译）沈沸（译）俞羚（译）邹静（译）张静芳（译）孙亚蒙（译）周洁茹（译）蒋仙国（译）陈莺（译）不详上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科 200127

本指南旨在对成年急性缺血性卒中患者评价和治疗各要素的现有证据做一回顾。目标读者是那些为发病后48h内的卒中患者提供治疗的内科医生和其他急诊医疗保健人员。另外，也包括向医疗保健政策制定者提供的信息。方法：专家小组成员由美... 详细信息

本指南旨在对成年急性缺血性卒中患者评价和治疗各要素的现有证据做一回顾。目标读者是那些为发病后48h内的卒中患者提供治疗的内科医生和其他急诊医疗保健人员。另外，也包括向医疗保健政策制定者提供的信息。方法：专家小组成员由美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命，他们代表了来自不同领域的专家。专家小组以2003年后发表的报道为重点，对相关文献进行回顾，采用AHA卒中委员会的证据水平分级标准对证据进行分级并做出推荐。本声明经专家小组认可后，再由AHA科学顾问和协调委员会进行同行评议和正式批准。本指南打算在3年内做全面更新。结果：对急性缺血性卒中患者的处理仍然是多方面的，包括尚未在临床试验中进行过验证的一些医疗诊治方面。本声明包括从急诊医疗服务人员开始接触患者到入院初期处理的推荐意见。静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂仍然是已得到证实的最有效的卒中急诊治疗干预方法。包括动脉应用溶栓药和机械介入在内的一些方法显示出希望。因为许多推荐是在有限的证据基础上做出的，因此需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行更多的研究。

关键词： AHA科学声明急诊医疗服务卒中急性脑梗死组织型纤溶酶原激活剂