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Disruption of colonic barrier function and induction of mediator release by strains of Campylobacter jejuni that invade epithelial cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第48期14卷 7345-7352页

作者： Johannes Beltinger Jo del buono Maeve M Skelly John Thornley Robin C Spiller William A Stack Christopher J Hawkey Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre Nottingham University Hospital QMC Campus

AIM: To study the mechanisms by which Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) causes inflammation and diarrhea. In particular, direct interactions with intestinal epithelial cells and effects on barrier function are poorly under- stood. METHODS: To model the initial pathogenic effects of C. jejuni on intestinal epithelium, polarized human colonic HCA-7 monolayers were grown on permeabilized filters and infected apically with clinical isolates of C. jejuni. Integrity of the monolayer was monitored by changes in monolayer resistance, release of lactate dehydrogenase, mannitol fluxes and electron microscopy. Invasion of HCA-7 cells was assessed by a modified gentamicin protection assay, translocation by counting colony forming units in the basal chamber, stimulation of mediator release by immunoassays and secretory responses in monolayers stimulated by bradykinin in an Ussing chamber. RESUlTS: All strains translocated across monolayers but only a minority invaded HCA-7 cells. Strains that invaded HCA-7 cells destroyed monolayer resistance over 6 h, accompanied by increased release of lactate dehydrogenase, a four-fold increase in permeability to [3H] mannitol, and ultrastructural disruption of tight junctions, with rounding and lifting of cells off the filter membrane. Synthesis of interleukin (Il)-8 and prostaglandin E2 was increased with strains that invaded the monolayer but not with those that did not. CONClUSION: These data demonstrate two distinct effects of C. jejuni on colonic epithelial cells and provide an informative model for further investigation of initial host cell responses to C. jejuni.

关键词： Campylobacter jejuni Cell invasion Cellculture Chloride secretion Colonocyte HCA-7 cells Membrane permeability Monolayer Mucosal barrier Ussing chamber

Corneal transplantation outcomes after the extrusion of an intrastromal keratoprosthesis:a pilot study

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Eye and Vision 2020年第2期7卷 250-254页

作者： Chiara Fariselli Ibrahim Toprak Olena Al-Shymali Jorge l.Alio del Barrio Jorge l.Alio Research and Development Department Calle Cabañal1 Edificio Vissum03016 AlicanteSpain Department of Ophthalmology Pamukkale UniversityDenizliTurkey Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department Calle Cabañal1 Edificio Vissum03016 AlicanteSpain Division of Ophthalmology Universidad Miguel HernándezAlicanteSpain

This short report includes 5 eyes of 5 patients(mean age 63.2±12 years)who underwent a tectonic keratoplasty[deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DAlK)or penetrating keratoplasty(PK)]in order to rehabilitate the eye after the extrusion of the non-perforating keratoprosthesis(Kpro)KeraKlear(KeraMed,USA).The non-perforating Kpro was extruded after a mean period of 21.4±21.8 months due to *** two cases,the keratoplasty was performed the same day of the non-perforating Kpro removal due to a severe melting,while in the other three cases it was performed one to 3 months *** eyes received a DAlK,but in 3 eyes a macroscopic Descemet membrane perforation forced the conversion into a *** mean follow-up period after the keratoplasty was 16.8±6.6 *** cases of rejection were *** the 5 eyes achieved“anatomical success”(transparent graft,with no signs of infection or inflammation).Two eyes showed limited“functional success”because the achievement of the best visual potential was prevented by the development of glaucomatous optic atrophy during the follow-up *** conclusion,this short report presents an unexpected success of a keratoplasty performed with a tectonic purpose after the extrusion of the non-perforating Kpro because the corneal graft remained transparent,without neovascularization or scarring during the follow-up *** initial evidence shows some encouraging results regarding graft survival rate and the achievement of a useful visual rehabilitation with keratoplasty after a nonperforating Kpro failure instead of repeating the Kpro implantation.

关键词： Keratoprosthesis Extrusion Keratoplasty Corneal transplantation

Small incision lenticule extraction(SMIlE)in the correction of myopic astigmatism:outcomes and limitations-an update

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 151-158页

作者： Jorge l.Aliódel Barrio Verónica Vargas Olena Al-Shymali Jorge l.Alió Cornea Cataract and Refractive Surgery UnitVissum CorporaciónAlicanteSpain Division of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversidad Miguel HernándezAlicanteSpain

Small Incision lenticule Extraction(SMIlE)is a flap-free intrastromal technique for the correction of myopia and myopic *** date,this technique lacks automated centration and cyclotorsion control,so several concerns have been raised regarding its capability to correct moderate or high levels of *** objective of this paper is to review the reported SMIlE outcomes for the correction of myopic astigmatism associated with a cylinder over 0.75 D,and its comparison with the outcomes reported with the excimer laser-based corneal refractive surgery techniques.A total of five studies clearly reporting SMIlE astigmatic outcomes were *** shows acceptable outcomes for the correction of myopic astigmatism,although a general agreement exists about the superiority of the excimer laser-based techniques for low to moderate levels of *** correction of the static cyclotorsion should be adopted for any SMIlE astigmatic correction over 0.75 D.

关键词： Small incision lenticule extraction SMIlE Astigmatism Refractive surgery

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgery:4-year survival according to life expectancy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第9期21卷 846-854页

作者： Vittoria lodo Enrico G.Italiano Edoardo Zingarelli Claudio Pietropaolo Stefano Pidello Gabriella buono Paolo Centofanti Department of Cardiac Surgery Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano di TorinoTurinItaly Department of Cardiac Surgery University of PadovaPaduaItaly Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine MaurizianoTurinItaly Department of Cardioloy Cittàdella Salute e della Scienza HospitalTurinItaly

Background In the last years,transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)indication has expanded to younger and lower risk ***,interest in mid and long-term follow up and in the role of life expectancy,as a key factor for selecting the most tailored treatment,has *** aim of this retrospective study is to compare the 4-year survival of patients who underwent aortic valve replacement(AVR)*** at our *** From September 2017 to December 2020,673 consecutive patients with severe aortic valve stenosis were enrolled for AVR(n=283)or TAVI(n=390).Inclusion criteria was isolated severe aortic stenosis,while exclusion criteria were redo surgery,valve-in-valve procedure and the need for concomitant surgical *** on the lee index,patients were divided into four groups according to their 4-year life ***-year survival was assessed and reported using the Kaplan-Meier method.A multivariate regression analysis of risk factors for 4-year mortality was *** Four years survival is always superior in the AVR patients(89.8%vs.75.6%,Ple TAVI is related to a higher incidence of new onset left bundle branch block(0 vs.23.8%,Plantation(2.5%vs.11.8%,P=0,02)and mild-to-moderate paravalvular leak(0.3%vs.5.4%,Plity are post-procedural AKI,poor mobility and transcatheter *** In our analysis,4 years survival is always superior in the AVR *** expectancy is a key factor for selecting the most appropriate approach for each patient.A longer follow up is mandatory before extending TAVI indication to patients with a long-life expectancy.

关键词： Surgery implantation selecting

On the electrophysiology of the atrial fast conduction system:an uncertain quantification study

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第2期37卷 264-278页

作者： Giulio del Corso Roberto Verzicco Francesco Viola GSSI(Gran Sasso Science Institute) L'AquilaItaly University of Roma Tor Vergata RomeItaly POF Group University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Cardiac modeling entails the epistemic uncertainty of the input parameters,such as bundles and chambers geometry,electrical conductivities and cell parameters,thus calling for an uncertainty quantification(UQ)*** the cardiac activation and the subsequent muscular contraction is provided by a complex electrophysiology system made of interconnected conductive media,we focus here on the fast conductivity structures of the atria(internodal pathways)with the aim of identifying which of the uncertain inputs mostly influence the propagation of the depolarization ***,the distributions of the input parameters are calibrated using data available from the literature taking into account gender *** output quantities of interest(Qols)of medical relevance are defined and a set of metamodels(one for each Qol)is then trained according to a polynomial chaos expansion(PCE)in order to run a global sensitivity analysis with non-linear variance-based SoboF indices with confidence intervals evaluated through the bootstrap *** most sensitive parameters on each Qol are then identified for both genders showing the same order of importance of the model inputs on the electrical ***,the probability distributions of the Qols are obtained through a forward sensitivity analysis using the same trained *** results that several input parameters-including the position of the internodal pathways and the electrical impulse applied at the sinoatrial node一have a little influence on the Qols ***-versa the electrical activation of the atrial fast conduction system is sensitive on the bundles geometry and electrical conductivities that need to be carefully measured or calibrated in order for the electrophysiology model to be accurate and predictive.

关键词： Uncertainty quantification Global sensitivity analysis Forward analysis Atrial modelling Electrophysiology Monodomain model

Search for the rare decay B^(0)→J/ψФ

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 47-60页

作者： R.Aaij C.Abellin Beteta T.Ackernley B.Adeva M.Adinolfi H.Afsharnial C.A.Aidala S.Aiola Z.Ajaltouni S.Akar J.Albrecht F.Alessio M.Alexander A.Alfonso Albero Z.Aliouche G.Alkhazov P.Alvarez Cartelle S.Amato Y.Amhis l.An l.Anderlini A.Andreianov M.Andreotti F.Archilli A.Artamonov M.Artuso K.Arzymatov E.Aslanides M.Atzeni B.Audurier S.Bachmann M.Bachmaver J.J.Back S.Baker P.Baladron Rodriguez V.Balagura W.Baldinit J.Baptista leite R.J.Barlow S.Barsuk W.Barter M.Bartolini F.Baryshnikov J.M.Basels G.Bassi B.Batsukh A.Battig A.Bay M.Becker F.Bedeschis I.Bediaga A.Beiter V.Belavin S.Belin V.Bellee K.Belous I.Belov I.Belyaev G.Bencivenni E.Ben-Haim A.Berezhnoy *** D.Berninghoff H.C.Bernstein C.Bertella E.Bertholet A.Bertolin C.Betancourt F.Betti M.O.Bettler Ia.Bezshyiko S.Bhasin J.Bhom l.Bian M.S.Bieker S.Bifani P.Billoir M.Birch F.C.R.Bishop A.Bizzeti M.Biorn M.P.Blago T.Blake F.Blanc S.Blusk D.Bobulska J.A.Boelhauve O.Boente Garcia T.Boettcher A.Boldyrev A.Bondar N.Bondar S.Borghi M.Borisyak M.Borsato J.T.Borsuk S.A.Bouchiba T.J.V.Bowcock A.Boyer C.Bozzi M.J.Bradley S.Braun A.Brea Rodriguezs M.Brodski J.Brodzicka A.Brossa Gonzalo D.Brundu A.Buonaura C.Burr A.Burschee A.Butkevich J.S.Butter J.Buytaert W.Byczynski S.Cadeddu H.Cai R.Calabrese l.Calefice l.Calero Diaz S.Cali R.Calladine M.Calvi M.Calvo Gomez P.Camargo Magalhaes A.Camboni P.Campana D.H.Campora Perez A.F.Campoverde Quezada S.Capelli l.Capriotti A.Carbonel G.Carboni R.Cardinale A.Cardini I.Carli P.Carniti l.Carus K.Carvalho Akiba A.Casais Vidal G.Casse M.Cattaneo G.Cavallero S.Celani J.Cerasoli A.J.Chadwick M.G.Chapman M.Charles Ph.Charpentier G.Chatzikonstantinidis C.A.Chavez Barajas M.Chefdeville C.Chen S.Chen A.Chernov S.-G.Chitic V.Chobanova S.Cholak M.Chrzaszcz A.Chubykin V.Chulikov P.Ciambrone M.F.Cicala X.Cid Vidal G.Ciezarek P.E.l.Clarke M.Clemencic H.V.Cliff J.Closier J.l.Cobbledick V.Coco J.A.B.Coelho J.Cogan E.Cogneras l.Cojocariu P.Collins T.Colombo l.Congedo A.Contu N.Cooke G.Coombs G.Corti C.M.Costa Sobral B.Couturier D.C.Craik J.Crkovska M.Cruz Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas(CBPF) Riode JaneiroBrazil Universidade Federal do Riode Janeiro(UFRJ) Riode JaneiroBrazil Center for High Energy Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Physics State Key laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Institute Of High Energy Physics(IHEP) BejingChina Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Univ.Grenoble Alpes Univ.Savoie Mont BlancCNRSIN2P3-LAPPAnnecyFrance Universite Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3LPCClermont-FerrandFrance Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3CPPMMarseilleFrance Universitq Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLabOrsayFrance lPNHE Sorbonne UniversiteParis Diderot Sorbonne Paris CiteCNRS/IN2P3ParisFrance I.Physikalisches Institut RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Fakultat Physik Technische Universitat DortmundDortmundGermany Max-Planck-Institut fir Kernphysik(MPIK) HeidelbergGermany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland INFN Sezione di Bari BariItaly INFN Sezione di Bologna BolognaItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara FerraraItaly INFN Sezione di Firenze FirenzeItaly INFN laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascatiltaly INFN Sezione di Genova GenovaItaly INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca Milanolaly INFN Sezione di Milano MilanoItaly INFN Sezione di Cagliari Monserratoltaly Universita degli Studi di Padova Universita e INFNPadovaPadovaItaly INFN Sezione di Pisa PisaItaly INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata RomaItaly INFN Sezione di Roma la Sapienza RomaItaly Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics AmsterdamNetherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam AmsterdamNetherlands Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences KrakowPoland AGH-University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science

A search for the rare decay B^(0)→J/ψФis performed using Pp collision data collected with the lHCb dete-ctor at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of9 *** significant signal of the decay is observed and an upper limitof 1.1x 10^(-7)at 90%confidence level is set on the branching fraction.

关键词： B physics flavour physics rare decay ω-Фmixing branching fraction

Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2395-2404页

作者： Pierdomenico del GAUDIO Guido VENTURA Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomeItaly Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheNaplesItaly

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

关键词： rheology water-sediment suspensions slurry sludge transitional flows and mud flows volcanogenic sediment-water flows oceanic floods

Search for the doubly heavy baryons Ω^(0)_(bc) and E^(0)_(bc) decaying to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-) and E^(+)_(c)π^(-)

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第9期45卷 10-21页

作者： R.Aaij C.Abelian Beteta T.Ackernley B.Adeva M.Adinolfi H.Afshamia C.A.Aidala S.Aiola Z.Ajaltouni S.Aka J.Albrecht F.Alessio M.Alexander A.Alfonso Albero Z.Aliouche G.Alkhazov P.Alvarez Cartelie S.Amato Y.Amhis l.An l.Anderlini A.Andreianov M.Andreotti F.Archilli A.Artamonov M.Artuso K.Arzymatov E.Aslanides M.Atzeni B.Audurier S.Bachmann M.Bachmayer J.J.Back P.Baladron Rodriguez V.Balagura W.Baldini J.Baptista leite R.J.Barlow S.Barsuk W.Barter M.Bartolini F.Baryshnikov J.M.Basels G.Bassi B.Batsukh A.Battig A.Bay M.Becker F.Bedeschi I.Bediaga A.Beiter V.Belavin S.Belin V.Bellee K.Belous I.Belov I.Belyaev G.Bencivenni E.Ben-Haim A.Berezhnoy *** D.Beminghoff H.C.Bernstein C.Bertella A.Bertolin C.Betancourt F.Betti Ia.Bezshyiko S.Bhasin J.Bhom l.Bian M.S.Bieker S.Bifani P.Billoir M.Birch F.C.R.Bishop A.Bitadze A.Bizzeti M.Bjorn M.P.Blago T.Blake F.Blanc S.Blusk D.Bobulska J.A.Boelhauve O.Boente Garcia T.Boettcher A.Boldyrev A.Bondar N.Bondar S.Borghi M.Borisyak M.Borsato J.T.Borsuk S.A.Bouchiba T.J.V.Bowcock A.Boyer C.Bozzi M J.Bradley S.Braun A.Brea Rodriguez M.Brodski J.Brodzicka A.Brossa Gonzalo D.Brundu A.Buonaura C.Burr A.Bursche A.Butkevich J.S.Butter J.Buytaert W.Byczynski S.Cadeddu H.Cai R.Calabrese l.Calefice l.Calero Diaz S.Cali R.Calladine M.Calvi M.Calvo Gomez P.Camargo Magalhaes A.Camboni P.Campana A.F.Campoverde Quezada S.Capelli l.Capriotti A.Carbone G.Carboni R.Cardinale A.Cardini I.Carli P.Camiti l.Carus K.Carvalho Akiba A.Casais Vidal G.Casse M.Cattaneo G.Cavallero S.Celani J.Cerasoli A.J.Chadwick M.G.Chapman M.Charles Ph.Charpentier G.Chatzikonstantinidis C.A.Chavez Barajas M.Chefdeville C.Chen S.Chen A.Chernov V.Chobanova S.Cholak M.Chrzaszcz A.Chubykin V.Chulikov P.Ciambrone M.F.Cicala X.Cid Vidal G.Ciezarek P.E.l.Clarke M.Clemencic H.V.Cliff J.Closier J.l.Cobbledick V.Coco J.A.B.Coelho J.Cogan E.Cogneras l.Cojocariu P.Collins T.Colombo l.Congedo A.Contu N.Cooke G.Coombs G.Corti C.M.Costa Sobral B.Couturier D.C.Craik J.Crkovska M.Cruz Torres R.Currie C.l.Da Silva E.Dall'Occo J.Dalseno C.D'Ambrosi Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas(CBPF) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Center for High Energy Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP) BeijingChina School of Physics State Key laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijingChina University ofChinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Univ.Savoie Mont Blanc CNRSIN2P3-LAPPAnnecyFrance Universite Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3LPCClermont-FerrandFrance Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3CPPMMarseilleFrance Universite Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLabOrsayFrance laboratoire leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3Ecole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance lPNHE Sorbonne UniversiteParis Diderot Sorbonne Paris CiteCNRS/FN2P3ParisFrance I.Physikalisches Institut RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Fakultat Physik Technische Universitat DortmundDortmundGermany Max-Planck-Institut für Kemphysik(MPIK) HeidelbergGermany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland INFN Sezione di Bari BariItaly INFN Sezione di Bologna BolognaItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara FerraraItaly INFN Sezione di Firenze FirenzeItaly INFN laboratori Nazionali di Frascati FrascatiItaly INFN Sezione di Genova GenovaItaly INFN Sezione di Milano MilanoItaly INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca MilanoItaly INFN Sezione di Cagliari MonserratoItaly Universita degli Studi di Padova Universita e INFNPadovaPadovaItaly INFN Sezione di Pisa PisaItaly INFN Sezione di Roma la Sapienza RomaItaly INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata RomaItaly Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics AmsterdamNetherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam AmsterdamNetherlands AGH-University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKr

The first search for the doubly heavyΩ^(0)_(bc)baryon and a search for the E^(0)_(bc)baryon are performed using pp collision data collected via the lHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb^(-1).The baryons are reconstructed via their decays to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)and E^(+)_(c)π^(-).No significant excess is fbund for invariant masses between 6700 and 7300 MeV/c^(2),in a rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and a transverse momentum range from 2 to 20 MeV/*** limits are set on the ratio of the Ω^(0)_(bc)and E^(0)_(bc)production cross-section times the branching fraction to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(+)_(c)π^(-))relative to that of the Λ^(0)_(b)(E^(0)_(b))baryon,for different lifetime hypotheses,at 95%confidence *** upper limits range from 0.5 x 10^(-4)to 2.5 x 10^(-4)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,and from 1.4x 10^(-3)to 6.9 x 10^(-3)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,depending on the considered mass and lifetime of theΩ^(0)_(bc)(E^(0)_(bc))baryon.

关键词： B physics quarkonium spectroscopy heavy quark production

Identification of SUMO Targets by a Novel Proteomic Approach in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 96-107页

作者： Gema lópez-Torrejón Davide Guerra Rafael Catal Julio Salinas Juan C. del Pozo Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (INIA-UPM) Campus de Montegancedo CRA-Genomics Research Centre (GPG) Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC) Campus de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid

Post-translational modifications （PTMs） chemically and physically alter the properties of proteins, including their folding, subcellular localization, stability, activity, and consequently their function. In spite of their relevance, studies on PTMs in plants are still limited. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier （SUMO） modification regulates several biological processes by affecting protein-protein interactions, or changing the subcellular Iocalizations of the target proteins. Here, we describe a novel proteomic approach to identify SUMO targets that combines 2-D liquid chromatography, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry （MS） analyses. We have applied this approach to identify nuclear SUMO targets in response to heat shock. Using a bacterial SUMOylation system, we validated that some of the targets identified here are, in fact, labeled with SUMO1. Interestingly, we found that GIGANTEA （GI）, a photoperiodic-pathway protein, is modified with SUMO in response to heat shock both in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： Mass spectrometry plants post-translational modification proteomics SUMO.