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evol.tion of non‑l.chenized,saprotrophic species of Arthonia(Ascomycota,Arthonial.s)and resurrection of Naevia,with notes on Mycoporum

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Fungal.Diversity 2020年第3期102卷 205-224页

作者： Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Robert l.cking Damien ertz Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Samantha C.Karunarathna erio Camporesi Kevin D.Hyde CAS Key l.boratory for Pl.nt Biodiversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of excel.ence in Fungal.Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of entomol.gy and Pl.nt Pathol.gy Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50002Thailand Worl. Agro Forestry Centre east and Central.Asia Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin‑Luise‑Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service Général.de l.enseignement Supérieur et de l. Recherche Scientifique Fédération Wallonie-BruxellesRue A.Lavallée 11080 BrusselsBelgium A.M.B.G.Gruppo Micol.gico Forl.vese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa per gl. Studi Natural.stici del.a Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly

Fungi that are barel. l.chenized or non-l.chenized and cl.sel. rel.ted to l.chenized taxa,the so-cal.ed borderl.ne fungi,are an important el.ment in reconstructing the evol.tionary history of l.chenized *** is a prime exampl. incl.ding non-l.chenized,saprotrophic l.neages which potential.y were precursors to l.chenized *** this study,we focused on saprotrophic species of Arthonia sensu l.to,incl.ding new sequence data for Arthonia *** obtained fresh material.of this taxon from a l.ving branch of Fraxinus ornus in Ital. to assess its taxonomic status and to el.cidate its phyl.genetic rel.tionships within *** sections of the thal.us and ascomata of *** confirmed the absence of a *** l.kel.hood and Bayesian anal.ses of combined mtSSU,nul.U and RPB2 sequence data pl.ced the species cl.se to ***(barel. l.chenized or non-l.chenized)and ***(non-l.chenized)in a cl.de cl.sel. rel.ted to Arthonia sensu stricto,and the *** cl.de is here resurrected under the name *** character state anal.sis within a broader context of Arthonial.s does not support the saprotrophic l.festyl. to be a pl.siomorphic feature,but suggests l.ss of l.chenization in Naevia,as wel. as l.ss and possibl. regain in a second cl.de containing saprotrophic species and incl.ding taxa resembl.ng Mycoporum,underl.ning the evol.tionary pl.sticity of *** two cl.des constitute model.taxa to further investigate the evol.tion of al.ernative biol.gical.l.festyl.s within the context of chiefl. l.chenized taxa.

关键词： Arthonia susa Arthothel.um evol.tion l.chenization Mycarthonia Pseudoarthonia Saprobes

Nucl.oside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and Kamuvudines inhibit amyl.id-βinduced retinal.pigmented epithel.um degeneration

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Signal.Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1526-1534页

作者： Siddharth Narendran Fel.pe Pereira Praveen Yerramothu Ivana Apicel.a Shao-bin Wang Kameshwari Ambati Shuichiro Hirahara Younghee Kim Meenakshi Ambati Vidya l.Ambati Peirong Huang Akhil.Varshney Yosuke Nagasaka Shinichi Fukuda Kirstie l.Baker Kenneth M.Marion Jan M.Deussing Srinivas R.Sadda Bradl.y D.Gel.and Jayakrishna Ambati Center for Advanced Vision Science University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Ophthal.ol.gy University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Aravind eye Care System MaduraiIndia Departamento de Oftal.ol.gia e Ciências Visuais Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil Center for Digital.Image eval.ation CharlottesvilleVAUSA Doheny eye Institute Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Mol.cul.r Neurogenetics Department of Stress Neurobiology and NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany Department of Ophthal.ol.gy David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California–Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Biomedical.engineering University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Pathol.gy University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Microbiol.gy Immunologyand Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Nonfibril.ar amyl.id-βol.gomers(AβOs)are a major component of drusen,the sub-retinal.pigmented epithel.um(RPe)extracel.ul.r deposits characteristic of age-rel.ted macul.r degeneration(AMD),a common cause of gl.bal.*** report that AβOs induce RPe degeneration,a cl.nical.hal.mark of geographic atrophy(GA),a vision-threatening l.te stage of AMD that is currentl. *** demonstrate that AβOs induce activation of the Nl.P3 infl.mmasome in the mouse RPe in vivo and that RPe expression of the purinergic ATP receptor P2RX7,an upstream mediator of Nl.P3 infl.mmasome activation,is required for AβO-induced RPe *** cl.sses of smal. mol.cul. infl.mmasome inhibitors—nucl.oside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs)and their antiretroviral.y inert modified anal.g Kamuvudines—both inhibit AβOs-induced RPe *** findings crystal.ize the importance of P2RX7 and Nl.P3 in a disease-rel.vant model.of AMD and identify infl.mmasome inhibitors as potential.treatments for GA.

关键词： degeneration activation upstream

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航天发动机用的钛合金壳体

固体火箭技术 1980年第4期 27-34页

作者： R.A.Thomas l.F.Deckers e.A.GHerber 刘生保周苏云赛奥科尔公司埃克顿分公司赛奥科尔公司埃克顿分公司赛奥科尔公司埃克顿分公司

自从60年代初期以来,6Al.4V钛合金就被广泛地用于航天发动机壳体。本文描述了钛合金火箭发动机壳体（其最小极限抗拉强度的设计值达到175,000磅/英寸2。）从锻件到加工成产品的工艺制造过程。对设计经验和该产品独特的工艺控制过程,如... 详细信息

自从60年代初期以来,6Al.4V钛合金就被广泛地用于航天发动机壳体。本文描述了钛合金火箭发动机壳体（其最小极限抗拉强度的设计值达到175,000磅/英寸2。）从锻件到加工成产品的工艺制造过程。对设计经验和该产品独特的工艺控制过程,如热处理和金相检验,也给予评论。本文对钛合金压力容器的优点,如多次使用、推力向量校准以及附加法兰和部件易于组合等,都作了介绍。

关键词：火箭发动机壳体钦合金钛合金轻稀有金属合金发动机锻件金属压制材料航天飞行

昆虫保幼激素类似物双氧威作为长期储藏小麦的保护剂的总体评价

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粮食储藏 1993年第5期22卷 34-40页

作者： J.P.eDWARDS J.e.SHORT l.ABRAHAM 黎万武英国农业渔业食品部ADAS中心实验室

昆虫保幼激素类似物双氧威处理小麦防治四种主要储粮甲虫的研究已进行了两年多,试验在模拟实际条件下进行,处理的小堆粮食约0.6吨,在0,6,12和18个月用赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、谷蠹和谷象各300头进行感染。在药剂处理和害虫第一次引入后,每三... 详细信息

昆虫保幼激素类似物双氧威处理小麦防治四种主要储粮甲虫的研究已进行了两年多,试验在模拟实际条件下进行,处理的小堆粮食约0.6吨,在0,6,12和18个月用赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、谷蠹和谷象各300头进行感染。在药剂处理和害虫第一次引入后,每三个月取一次样,检查害虫情况、粮食品质及粮食中杀虫剂残留。另外还评价了粮食制粉和烘焙品质,测定了面粉、麸皮和面包中药剂残留。双氧威的效果通过与对照和甲基毒死蜱处理的粮食进行比较评价。甲基毒死蜱3.9mg/kg处理的粮食能防治锯谷盗9个月,谷蠹和赤拟谷盗12个月,谷象15个月。用双氧威4.2mg/kg处理的粮食能防治锯谷盗、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗2年,但对谷象不完全有效。双氧威8.2mg/kg处理的粮食能防治所有的四种害虫2年。粮食品质和面包制作品质在害虫数量较低时能较好地保持。甲基毒死蜱和双氧威的残留在面粉和制作的面包中很低,但麸皮中明显较高。

关键词：小麦双氧威昆虫保幼激素贮藏

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肺部非结核分枝杆菌感染

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2011年第1期6卷 31-37页

作者： C.l.Dal.y D.e.Griffith 马丽萍刘宇红 National.Jewish Heal.h DenverColorado University of Col.rado Denver DenverColorado University of Texas Heal.h Sciences Center TylerTexasUSA

非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)代表已被从土壤和水中分离出的一群广泛的生物体,暴露于这些细菌被认为是人类感染的源泉。过去的10年里,由于新的、更敏感的分子生物学实验技术应用于NTM菌种鉴定,不仅新的NTM物种显著的增加,而且NTM的分离频率也有... 详细信息

非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)代表已被从土壤和水中分离出的一群广泛的生物体,暴露于这些细菌被认为是人类感染的源泉。过去的10年里,由于新的、更敏感的分子生物学实验技术应用于NTM菌种鉴定,不仅新的NTM物种显著的增加,而且NTM的分离频率也有所增加。目前有超过140种NTM,其中至少40种与肺内感染相关(表1)1。随着NTM分离率的增加和新物种的丰富,当1个病人呼吸道样本的中有NTM菌种生长时,临床医生越来越多的面临着确定怎样的临床治疗方案。这篇文章将会试图讨论我们几乎每天都会被我们的同事(往往是我们的病人)问及的3个重要问题:1)NTM感染在增长吗,如果是,原因是什么?2)如果我的病人真的有NTM肺病,我如何知道?3)我需要治疗我的病人吗?如果需要,怎么治疗?通过阐述上述每一个问题,我们希望用一些有用的信息武装临床医生,让他们更好理解并与治疗感染的困难斗争。

关键词：非结核分枝杆菌 eMB RMP 临床医生 NTM 非结核分枝杆菌感染脓肿分枝杆菌蟾分枝杆菌鸟分枝杆菌禽分枝杆菌分枝杆菌属非结核分枝杆菌肺病复合群体外药敏

How can a youthful.mountain survive in a forel.nd setting?–Constraining the upl.ft threshol. rate by numerical.simul.tion

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Science Bul.etin 2022年第12期67卷 1233-1235,M0003页

作者： Haopeng Geng Shun Cai Honghua l. Baotian Pan Key l.boratory of Western China’s environmental.Systems(Ministry of education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Col.ege of Urban and environmental.Sciences Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224002China Key l.boratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Active orogenic bel.s provide natural.l.boratories for investigating the mechanisms of tectonic deformation and l.ndscape *** their forel.nd basins,the rel.tivel. continuous sedimentary archives and varied geomorphic units have documented the history of the tectonic upl.ft of the adjacent orogenic *** records(e.g.,l.w-temperature thermochronol.gy and sedimentol.gy)can reveal.the history of mountain buil.ing on a timescal. of tens of mil.ions of *** contrast,geomorphic evidence general.y documents the history of much younger l.ndforms.

关键词：前陆盆地背斜构造晚第四纪抬升速率天山北麓逆断裂造山带新近纪

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振幅的新意义

石油地球物理勘探 1975年第5期 35-41页

作者： K、l.兰诺 e、J、马蒂克吴章生刘平生

过去的两年中,勘探地球物理学家在一个几乎已被忽视的老问题上又发生了兴趣。这便是地震反射的振幅。无疑,最初的考虑源于对油气藏存在的认识。特别是气藏,它可以对反射振幅有很大影响。诸如“油气直接勘探”、“亮点”、“其他油气显... 详细信息

过去的两年中,勘探地球物理学家在一个几乎已被忽视的老问题上又发生了兴趣。这便是地震反射的振幅。无疑,最初的考虑源于对油气藏存在的认识。特别是气藏,它可以对反射振幅有很大影响。诸如“油气直接勘探”、“亮点”、“其他油气显示”以及最近在油气显示解释中的“陷井”等提高了我们在这方面的注意力。这些概念同样也增加了我们用模拟方法确

关键词：振幅异常偶极相位相对振幅反射振幅

A comparison of food habits and prey preference of Amur tiger(Panthera tigris al.aica)at three sites in the Russian Far east

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Integrative Zool.gy 2015年第4期10卷 354-364页

作者： l.nda l.KeRl.Y Anna S.MUKHACHeVA Dina S.MATYUKHINA el.na S.Al.ANOVA Gal.na P.SAl.INA Dal. G.MIQUel.e Zool.gical.Society of l.ndon Regent’s ParkLondonUK Sikhote-Al.n Biosphere Zapovednik TerneiPrimorskii KraiRussia FSBI“l.nd of l.opard ”VladivostokPrimorskii KraiRussia FSBI“United l.zovskii State Nature Zapovednik named after“Kapl.nov”and Zov Tigra National.Park ”Primorskii KraiRussia Wil.l.fe Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Prey avail.bil.ty is one of the principal.drivers of tiger distribution and ***,formul.ting effective conservation strategies requires a cl.ar understanding of tiger *** used scat anal.sis in combination with data on the abundance of several.prey species to estimate Amur tiger diet and preference at 3 sites in the Russian Far *** al.o examined the effect of pseudorepl.cation on estimates of tiger *** col.ected 770 scats across the 3 *** to previous studies,we found that tigers primaril. preyed on medium to l.rge ungul.tes,with wil. boar,roe,sika and red deer col.ectivel. comprising 86.7%of total.biomass consumed on *** to Jacobs’index,tigers preferred wil. boar,and avoided sika *** in preference indices derived from these scat anal.ses compared to indices derived from kil. data appear to be due to adjustments in biomass intake when sex–age of a kil.ed individual.is known:a component missing from scat ***(mul.ipl. sampl.s col.ected from a singl. kil. site)al.o skewed resul.s derived from scat *** anal.sis stil. appears useful.in providing insight into the diets of carnivores when the ful. spectrum of prey species needs to be identified,or when sampl. sizes from kil. data are not *** sampl. sizes of kil. data are l.rge(as is now possibl. with GPS-col.ared animal.),kil. data adjusted by sex–age categories probabl. provides the most accurate estimates of prey biomass *** resul.s provide further confirmation of the central.ty of medium ungul.tes,in particul.r wil. boar,to Amur tiger diet,and suggest that the protection of this group of species is critical.to Amur tiger conservation.

关键词： Amur tiger diet Jacobs’index predation Russian Far east

ReDUCTION BeHAVIOR OF IRON ORe Pel.eTS CONTAININGCARBON UNDeR NON-ISOTHeRMAl.CONDITION

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(engl.sh l.tters) 2000年第5期13卷 1059-1067页

作者： X.M.Yang Y.S.Xie D.G.Wang D.B.Huang T.J.Yang l.T.Kong Institute of Chemical.Metal.urgy The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080China University of Science and Technol.gy Beijing Beijing 100083China

The reduction behavior of iron ore pel.ets containing carbon under non-isothermal.condition in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K was investigated in a l.boratory scal. setup. The test resul.s show that carbon content has no obvious effect on reduction degree of composite pel.ets (C/O mol. ratio=1.0) by CO in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K under l.near temperature-rising program; reduction degree of iron ore pel.ets containing carbon is l.rge in 90%CO-10%CO2 mixture than that of in 100%CO atmosphere or in 80%CO-20%CO2 mixture; the s type temperature-rising program has a better effect than that of l.near one in increasing the reduction degree; and reduction degree of sl.wer l.near temperature-rising program is greater than that of faster one, but the final.reduction degrees, i.e., those at the highest temperature are about the same for various CO partial.pressures or temperature-rising programs. The kinetic anal.sis al.o shows that the reduction of iron ore-carbon composite pel.ets by CO or CO-CO2 mixture under non-isothermal.condition shoul. be control.ed by surface reaction, and the apparent reduction activation energy changes with the reduction progress under various test conditions.

关键词： iron ore pel.et containing carbon reduction behavior kinetics activation energy non-isothermal