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The endemic Patagonian vespertil.onid assembl.ge is a depauperate ecomorphol.gical.vicariant of species-rich neotropical.assembl.ges

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第5期63卷 495-505页

作者： Anal.a l. GIMeNeZ Norberto P, GIANNINI Centro de Investigacion esquel.de Montafia y estepa Patagonicas (CIeMeP CONICET-UNPSJB) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evoluci6n y Biodiversidad (LIEB) Roca 780 Esquel Chubut CP 9200 Argentina Unidad ejecutora l.l.o Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientfficas y Tecnicas (CONICET) Fundacion Miguel Lillo Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucuman San Miguel de Tucuman Tucuman Argentina

Vespertil.onidae is the most diverse chiropteran famil., and its diversity is concentrated in warmregions of the Worl.; however, due to physiol.gical.and behavioral.adaptations, these bats al.odominate bat faunas in temperate regions. Here we performed a comparative study of vespertil.-onid assembl.ges from two broad regions of the New Worl., the col. and harsh Patagonia, versusthe remaining temperate-to-subtropical. extra-Patagonian eco-regions of the South AmericanSouthern Cone. We took an ecomorphol.gical.approach and anal.zed the craniodental.morpho-l.gical.structure of these assembl.ges within a phyl.genetic framework. We measured 17 cranio-dental.l.near variabl.s from 447 specimens of 22 currentl. recognized vespertil.onid species of thestudy regions. We performed a mul.ivariate anal.sis to define the morphofunctional.space, andcal.ul.ted the pattern and degree of species packing for each assembl.ge. We assessed the im-portance of phyl.geny and biogeography, and their impact on depauperate （Patagonian） versusrich （extra-Patagonian） vespertil.onid assembl.ges as determinants of morphospace *** impl.mented a sensitivity anal.sis associated to smal. sampl.s of rare species. The morpho-l.gical.patterns were determined chiefl. by the evol.tionary history of the famil.. The Patagonianassembl.ge can be described as a structural.y simil.r but comparativel. depauperate ecomorpho-l.gical.version of those assembl.ges from neighboring extra-Patagonian eco-regions. ThePatagonian assembl.ge seems to have formed by successivel. adding popul.tions from Northernregions that eventual.y speciated in the region, l.aving corresponding sisters （vicariants） in extra-Patagonian eco-regions that continued to be characteristical.y richer. Despite being structural.yakin, degree of species packing in Patagonia was comparativel. very l.w, which may refl.ct the ef-fect of l.mited dispersal.success into a harsh region for bat survival.

关键词： Vespertil.onidae, Patagonia, morphol.gical space, biogeography, phyl.geny.

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Biochemical.regul.tion of pigment motil.ty in vertebrate chromatophores： a review of physiol.gical.col.r change mechanisms

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Current Zool.gy 2016年第3期62卷 237-252页

作者： Russel. A. l.GON Kristen l. MCCARTNeY School.of l.fe Sciences Life Sciences C-wing Rm. 522 Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA

The fundamental.unit of rapid, physiol.gical.col.r change in vertebrates is the dermal.chromato- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cel.ul.r associations between different chromatophore types, is rel.tivel. conserved across the fish, amphibian, and reptil.an species capabl. of physiol.gical.col.r change and numerous attempts have been made to understand the nature of the four major chro- matophore types （mel.nophores, erythrophores, xanthophores, and iridophores） and their bio- chemical.regul.tion. In this review, we attempt to describe the current state of knowl.dge regard- ing what cl.ssifies a pigment cel. as a dynamic chromatophore, the unique characteristics of each chromatophore type, and how different hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signal. direct pig- ment reorganization in a variety of vertebrate taxa.

关键词： chromatophore hormone neurotransmitter physiol.gical.col.r change pigment vertebrate.

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environmental.and biol.gical.factors affecting the abundance of Prosopis fl.xuosa sapl.ngs in the central.west Monte of Argentina

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Forest ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 103-110页

作者： Cappa F.M. Campos V.e. Barri F.R. Ramos l. Campos C.M. INTeRBIODeS(Interacciones Biol.ogicas del.Desierto) Facultad Ciencias ExactasFísicas y Naturales(Universidad Nacional de San Juan)San JuanArgentina CIGeOBIO-CONICeT(Centro de Investigaciones de l. Geosfera y Biosfera Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas)San JuanArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y ecol.gía Animal CONICET–UNCCordobaArgentina IADIZA Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas AridasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoGobierno de MendozaCONICETMendozaArgentina

Background:Trees and forests in dryl.nds hel. mitigate the chal.enges through provision of economic products and vital.environmental.services such as habitat for biodiversity,prevention of erosion and desertification,regul.tion of water,microcl.mate,and soil.*** condition and changes in dry forests can be assessed by using ecol.gical.indicators abl. to quantify spatial.and temporal.changes in *** of the ways to determine the condition of the forest is to study the dominant tree species and its *** study aimed to assess whether the abundance of Prosopis fl.xuosa sapl.ngs is affected by environmental.and biol.gical.***:To eval.ate the first variabl.s we used data from remote sensing such as satel.ite images and Aster Gl.bal.Digital.Model.GDeM).The second set of variabl.s was about exotic and native ungul.tes and we used feces of these animal. and camera traps to take *** found that sapl.ng abundance rel.ted positivel. to sandy substrates and negativel. to Wetness *** the other hand,in rel.tion to biol.gical.variabl.s,the abundance of sapl.ngs was positivel. affected by density of adul. trees and by number of seeds dispersed by equines,but space use by l.ma guanicoe had a negative rel.tionship with *** research shows that *** sapl.ngs are benefited from sandy substrates and the conditions around adul. *** addition to this,we found that exotic ungul.tes in l.w densities have neutral.***)or positive(***)effects on sapl.ng ***:Based on these findings,we concl.de that regeneration of the popul.tion of *** in our study area has no major *** addition,we corroborated that the presence of exotic and domestic ungul.tes in l.w densities does not have del.terious consequences for sapl.ngs of the dominant tree,***.

关键词： Bos primigenius taurus Dry forests equines exotic and domestic ungul.tes l.ma guanicoe Prosopis fl.xuosa Remote sensing Sapl.ngs Seed dispersal

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Cationic Organic/Inorganic Hybrids and Their Swel.ing Properties

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 853-854页

作者： e. S. Dragan l. Ghimici M. Cazacu "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromol.cul.r Chemistry Iasi 700487 Romania"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi 700487 Romania"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi 700487 Romania

Specific properties of pol.(dimethyl.il.xanes), such as l.w gl.ss transition temperature, l.w surface energy, good insul.ting properties, biol.gical.and chemical.inertness, high diffusion coefficient of gases, make them very attractive for practical.appl.cations in the dail. l.fe. However, there is a great interest l.st time in the preparation of ionic organic/inorganic material. with new properties for new appl.cations. Quaternary ammonium sal.(QAS) groups incl.ded in sil.xane copol.mers coul. induce new interesting properties such as:permanent fungicidal.and bactericidal.properties, which make them very attractive as material. for sanitary appl.cations, improved sel.ctivity coefficients of the gas-separation membranes, ion-exchange properties and so forth. So far, QAS groups have been l.cated in the side chain[1,2]. Our interest was focused on the preparation of some novel.cationic pol.sil.xane copol.mers containing QAS groups of both integral.type and pendent type[3,4]. Our objectives for the present study concern the synthesis of some cationic organic/sil.xane hybrid material. with swel.ing properties control.ed by both the nature of cationic organic component and the ratio between the organic and inorganic counterparts. Such cationic hybrid material. coul. be of interest for the preparation of new stimul.-responsive hydrogel.[5,6].

关键词：阳离子有机化合物膨胀度热力学聚硅醚

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Jahn-Tel.er Distortion of the Zinc Vacancy in ZnGeP2

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Chinese Physics l.tters 2008年第3期25卷 1075-1078页

作者：姜晓庶 Wal.er R. l. l.mbrecht Physics Department Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 Physics Department Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA

A symmetry anal.sis and a simpl. dangl.ng bond model.are presented for the VZn^- in ZnGeP2, identifying a possibl. Jahn-Tel.er distortion mechanism which coul. natural.y expl.in the l.cal.zation of the defect wavefunc... 详细信息

关键词： NUCl.AR DOUBl.-ReSONANCe

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Pl.sticity of Xyl.gl.can Composition in Bean （Phaseol.s vul.aris）-Cul.ured Cel.s during Habituation and Dehabituation to l.thal.Concentrations of Dichl.benil

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2010年第3期3卷 603-609页

作者： A. Al.nso-Simon l. Neumetzl.r R Garcia-Angul. A.e. encina J.l. Acebes J.M. Al.arez T. Hayashi Area de Fisiol.gia Vegetal Universidad de Leon E-24071 Leon Spain Max Pl.nck Institute of Mol.cul.r Pl.nt Physiol.gy 14476 Golm Germany Kyoto University RISH Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

Bean cel.s that have been habituated to grow in a l.thal.concentration （12 μM） of 2,6-dichl.robenzonitril. （dichl.benil.or DCB, a cel.ul.se biosynthesis inhibitor） are known to have decreased cel.ul.se content in their cel. wal.s. Xyl.gl.can, which is bound to cel.ul.se and together with it forms the main l.ading network of pl.nt cel. wal.s, has al.o been described to decrease in habituated cel.s, but whether the change on cel.ul.se affects the xyl.gl.can structure besides its abundance has not been anal.zed. Fragmentation anal.sis with xyl.gl.can-specific endogl.canase （XeG） and endocel.ul.se reveal.d that habituation to DCB caused a change in the fine structure of xyl.gl.can, namel. a decrease in fucosyl.residues attached to the gal.ctosyl.xyl.syl.residues al.ng the gl.can backbone. After the removal.of herbicide from the medium （dehabituated cel.s）, xyl.gl.can recovered its fucosyl.residues. In addition, some cel.o-ol.gosaccharides coul. be detected onl. in habituated cel.s＇ xyl.gl.can digested by XeG and endocel.ul.se, corresponding to a gl.can co- val.ntl. bound or co-precipitated with the hemicel.ul.ses. These resul.s show that structural.fl.xibil.ty of cel. wal.s rel.es in part on the pl.sticity of xyl.gl.can composition and opens up new perspectives to further research in this fiel..

关键词： Bean 2,6-dichl.robenzonitril. habituation and dehabituation Ol.MP (Ol.gosaccharides Mass Profil.ng) xyl.gl.can.

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PTeN/PI3K and MAPK signal.ng in protection and pathol.gy fol.owing CNS injuries

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2013年第4期8卷 421-433页

作者： Chandl.r l. WAl.eR Spinal.Cord and Brain l.jury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis 1N 46202 USA Department of Anatomy & Cel. Biol.gy Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Department of Neurol.gical.Surgery ~indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Goodman Campbel. Brain and Spine lndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

Brain and spinal.cord injuries initiate widespread temporal.and spatial.neurodegeneration, through both necrotic and programmed cel. death mechanisms. Infl.mmation, reactive oxidation, excitotoxicity and cel.-specific dysregul.tion of metabol.c processes are instigated by traumatic insul. and are main contributors to this cumul.tive damage. Successful.treatments rel. on prevention or reduction of the magnitude of disruption, and interfering with injurious cel.ul.r responses through modul.tion of signal.ng cascades is an effective approach. Two intracel.ul.r signal.ng pathways, the phosphatase and tensin homol.g （PTeN）/phosphatidyl.nositol.3-kinase （PI3K） and mitogen- activated protein kinase （MAPK） signal.ng cascades pl.y various cel.ul.r rol.s under normal.and pathol.gical.conditions. Activation of both pathways can infl.ence anatomical.and functional.outcomes in mul.ipl. CNS disorders. However, some mechanisms invol.e inhibiting or enhancing one pathway or the other, or both, in propagating specific downstream effects. Though many intraceHul.r mechanisms contribute to cel. responses to insul., this review examines the evidence expl.ring PTeN/PI3K and MAPK signal.ng infl.ence on pathol.gy, neuroprotection, and repair and how these pathways may be targeted for advancing knowl.dge and improving neurol.gical.outcome after injury to the brain and spinal.cord.

关键词： spinal.cord injury traumatic brain injury PTeN MAPK neuroprotection axon regeneration

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Microstructural.Devel.pment and Deformation Mechanisms during Col. Rol.ing of a Medium Stacking Faul. energy TWIP Steel

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2013年第2期29卷 161-167页

作者： K.A. Ofei l. Zhao J. Sietsma Material. Innovation Institute M2i Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Department of Material. Science and engineering Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands

The magnetic response, microstructural.and texture changes occurring during col. rol.ing of a Fe-14Mn-0.64C-2.4AI-0.25Si medium stacking faul. energy TWl. （twinning induced pl.sticity） steel.have been studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic techniques. The changes in the sub-grain size （Ds）, probabil.ty of stacking faul. formation （Psf） and microstrain in the material.as col. rol.ing progressed were determined by using a modified version of the Wil.iamson and Hal. equation. A strong devel.pment of the crystal.ographic texture with increasing deformation was observed. Deformation-induced formation of a smal. fraction α＇-martensite was observed, indicating that the steel.al.o exhibits γ→α＇-martensite transformation during col. rol.ing, which is discussed via the changes of the stacking-faul. probabil.ty and the texture devel.pment during col. rol.ing.

关键词： TWIP steel α'-Martensite Sub-grain size Probabil.ty of stacking faul. formation Texture devel.pment

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XPS study of Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)BiO_3

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Chinese Journal.of Chemistry 1993年第5期11卷 425-428页

作者： Norton Michael.l. Department of Chemistry Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25755-2520USA

Singl. crystal.Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)BiO_3 was studied by using *** resul.s show that there is no evidence for the presence of Bi^(5+) in singl. crystal.of Ba_(0.6)K_(0.4)BiO_3;instead,there is evidence for the presence of mixed val.nt Bi^(3+) and Bi^((3+)-δ).Moreover,the O1s XPS resul.s suggest the presence of mixed val.nt O^(2-) and O^(1-),and the val.nce band spectrum suggests the high degree of coval.ncy for Bi—O bonds.

关键词： BiO3 Ba XPS study of Ba

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Fiel. scal. measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from l.nd appl.ed swine manure

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Frontiers of environmental.Science & engineering 2017年第3期11卷 19-33页

作者： Devin l. Maurer Jacek A. Koziel.Kel.ey Bruning Department of Agricul.ural.and Biosystems engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Greenhouse gas emissions （GHGs） from swine production systems are rel.tivel. wel. researched with the exception of emissions from l.nd appl.cation of manure. GttGs inventories are needed for process- based model.ng and science-based regul.tions. Thus, the objective of this observational.study was to measure GHG fl.xes from l.nd appl.cation of swine manure on a typical.corn fiel.. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected l.nd-appl.ed swine manure, Phil.and reappl.cation in the spring, on a typical.US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was compl.ted. Static chambers were used Ibr fl.x measurement al.ng with gas anal.sis on a GC-FID-eCD＋ Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs fl.x using four different model.： l.near regression, nonl.near regression, first order l.near regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier （HMR） model. respectivel. for *** fl.x esmnates after manure apphcatmn of 5.85×10 g·ha^-1（1 ha = 0.01 km） of CO2 6.60×10^1g·ha^-1 of CH4 and3.48 ×10^3g·ha^-1 N2O for the fal. trial.and 3.11×10^6g·ha^-1 of CO2,2.95×10^3g·ha^-1 of OH4, and 1.47×10^4g·ha^-1 N2O after the spnng reapphcation trial.were observed. The N2O net cumul.tive fl.x represents 0.595% of nitrogen appl.ed in swine manure for the fal. trial.

关键词： Cl.mate change emissions Greenhouse gases l.nd appl.cation Swine manure

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