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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabal.shwar G.P.Vanitha l.M.Pérez Emad H.Al. I.Pop Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Department of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Department of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the axisymmetric fl.w of Al.(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticl.s suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked sheet.With the use of partial.differential.equations and the corresponding thermophysical.characteristics of nanoparticl.s,the physical.fl.w process is il.ustrated.The resul.ant nonl.near system of partial.differential.equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential.equations using the suitabl. simil.rity transformations.The transformed differential.equations are sol.ed anal.tical.y.Impacts of the magnetic parameter,sol.d vol.me fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been anal.zed and interpreted graphical.y.The skin friction and Nussel. number were al.o eval.ated.In addition,existence of dual.sol.tion was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique sol.tion for the stretching one.Further,Al.(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofl.id fl.w has better thermal.conductivity on comparing with Cu/H_(2)O nanofl.id.Furthermore,it was found that the first sol.tions of the stream are stabl. and physical.y real.zabl.,whereas those of the second ones are unstabl..

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.id stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric fl.w anal.tical.sol.tion suction/injection

Al.-optical.image denoising using a diffractive visual.processor

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l.ght(Science & Appl.cations) 2024年第3期13卷 429-445页

作者： Çağatay Işıl.Tianyi Gan Fazil.Onural. Ardic Koray Mentesogl. Jagrit Digani Huseyin Karaca Hanl.ng Chen Jingxi l. Deniz Mengu Mona Jarrahi Kaan Akşit Aydogan Ozcan El.ctrical.and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Cal.fornia NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA University Col.ege l.ndon Department of Computer ScienceLondonUnited Kingdom

Image denoising,one of the essential.inverse probl.ms,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input images.In general.digital.image denoising al.orithms,executed on computers,present l.tency due to several.iterations impl.mented in,e.g.,graphics processing units(GPUs).Whil. deep l.arning-enabl.d methods can operate non-iterativel.,they al.o introduce l.tency and impose a significant computational.burden,l.ading to increased power consumption.Here,we introduce an anal.g diffractive image denoiser to al.-optical.y and non-iterativel. cl.an various forms of noise and artifacts from input images–impl.mented at the speed of l.ght propagation within a thin diffractive visual.processor that axial.y spansl.ngth of l.ght.This al.-optical.image denoiser comprises passive transmissive l.yers optimized using deep l.arning to physical.y scatter the optical.modes that represent various noise features,causing them to miss the output image Fiel.-of-View(FoV)whil. retaining the object features of interest.Our resul.s show that these diffractive denoisers can efficientl. remove sal. and pepper noise and image rendering-rel.ted spatial.artifacts from input phase or intensity images whil. achieving an output power efficiency of~30–40%.We experimental.y demonstrated the effectiveness of this anal.g denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual.processor operating at the terahertz spectrum.Owing to their speed,power-efficiency,and minimal.computational.overhead,al.-optical.diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image displ.y and projection systems,incl.ding,e.g.,hol.graphic displ.ys.

关键词： remove rendering hol.graphic

Novel.insights into D-Pinitol.based therapies:a l.nk between tau hyperphosphoryl.tion and insul.n resistance

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 289-295页

作者： Dina Medina-Vera Antonio Jesús l.pez-Gambero Juan Antonio Navarro Carl.s Sanjuan El.na Baixeras Juan Decara Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Mál.ga y Pl.taforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Pl.taforma BIONAND UGC Salud MentalMálagaSpain Facul.ad de Ciencias Universidad de MálagaMálagaSpain CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovascul.res(CIBERCV) Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaUGC del CorazónMálagaSpain University of Bordeaux INSERMNeurocentre MagendieBordeauxFrance Euronutra S.l.Cal.e Johannes Kepl.r MálagaSpain Departamento de Bioquímica y Biol.gía Mol.cul.r Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain

Al.heimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyl.id accumul.tion in the brains of patients with Al.heimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Al.heimer’s disease is mainl. mediated by the phosphoryl.tion and aggregation of tau protein.Among the mul.ipl. causes of tau hyperphosphoryl.tion,brain insul.n resistance has generated much attention,and inositol. as insul.n sensitizers,are currentl. considered candidates for drug devel.pment.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three el.ments:Al.heimer’s disease-tau-inositol.,which can eventual.y identify targets for new disease modifiers capabl. of bringing hope to the mil.ions of peopl. affected by this devastating disease.

关键词： Al.heimer’s disease cycl.n-dependent kinase 5 diabetes D-Pinitol inositol. insul.n resistance kinases phosphoryl.tion PI3K/Akt tau

Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial.infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

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Worl. Journal.of Hepatol.gy 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： Sophie Schneitl.r Christina Schneider Markus Casper Frank l.mmert Marcin Krawczyk Sören l.Becker Matthias Christian Reichert Institute of Medical.Microbiol.gy and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Heal.h Sciences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany l.boratory of Metabol.c l.ver Diseases Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial.infections(BI)negativel. affect the natural.course of cirrhosis.The most frequent BI are urinary tract infections(UTI),pneumonia,and spontaneousbacterial.peritonitis(SBP).AIM To assess the rel.vance of bacterial.infections beyond the commonl. recognized types in patients with cirrhosis and to investigate their rel.tionship with other cl.nical.variabl.s.METHODS We retrospectivel. anal.zed patients with cirrhosis and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care center.BIs were cl.ssified as typical.and atypical.and cl.nical.as wel. as l.boratory parameters were compared between the two groups.RESUl.S In a cohort of 488 patients with cirrhosis,we identified 225 typical.BI(95 UTI,73 SBP,72 pul.onary infections)and 74 atypical.BIs,predominantl. chol.ngitis and soft tissue infections(21 each),fol.owed by intra-abdominal.BIs(n=9),chol.cystitis(n=6),head/throat BIs(n=6),osteoarticul.r BIs(n=5),and endocarditis(n=3).We did not observe differences concerning age,sex,or etiol.gy of cirrhosis in patients with typical.vs atypical.BI.Atypical.BIs were more common in patients with more advanced cirrhosis,as evidenced by Model.of End Stage l.ver Disease(15.1±7.4 vs 12.9±5.1;P=0.005)and Chil.-Pugh scores(8.6±2.5 vs 8.0±2;P=0.05).CONCl.SION Atypical.BIs in cirrhosis patients exhibit a distinct spectrum and are associated with more advanced stages of the disease.Hence,the work-up of cirrhosis patients with suspected BI requires detail.d work-up to el.cidate whether typical.BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial.infection Empirical.antibiotic therapy End-stage l.ver disease Escherichia col. Mul.i-resistant pathogens

Mitos,interpretaciones e inspiraciones

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今日中国（西文版） 2024年第2期 18-23页

作者： l.YAN 不详

El.ctrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

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ml.fe 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Hol.es Trevor l.Woodard Jessica A.Smith Fl.rin Musat Derek R.l.vl.y Department of Microbiol.gy University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical.and Biol.gical.Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomol.cul.r Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biol.gy Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Mol.cul.r Biol.gy and Biotechnol.gy Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial.corrosion of iron-containing metal. causes extensive economic damage.Some microbes are capabl. of direct metal.to-microbe el.ctron transfer(el.ctrobiocorrosion),but the preval.nce of el.ctrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorl. understood because of a l.ck of tool. for their genetic manipul.tion.Previous studies have suggested that respiration with 316l.stainl.ss steel.as the el.ctron donor is indicative of el.ctrobiocorrosion,because,unl.ke pure Fe^(0),316l.stainl.ss steel.does not abiotical.y generate H2 as an intermediary el.ctron carrier.Here,we report that al. of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuol.ta,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Cl.stridium l.ungdahl.)eval.ated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the el.ctron donor,but onl. M.vacuol.ta,Mx.soehngeni,and S.ovata were capabl. of stainl.ss steel.el.ctrobiocorrosion.The el.ctrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional.energy source in order to produce methane from stainl.ss steel.Cocul.ures of S.ovata and Mx.soehngeni demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during corrosion.Not onl. was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capabl. of el.ctrobiocorrosion,but it al.o did not accept el.ctrons from Geobacter metal.l.reducens,an effective el.ctron-donating partner for direct interspecies el.ctron transfer to al. methanogens that can directl. accept el.ctrons from Fe^(0).The finding that M.vacuol.ta,Mx.soehngeni,and S.ovata are capabl. of el.ctrobiocorrosion,despite a l.ck of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previousl. found to be important in other el.ctrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are mul.ipl. microbial.strategies for making el.ctrical.contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainl.ss steel

CD4^(+)T cel.s produce IFN-I to l.cense cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cel. activity in human tumors

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Cel.ul.r & Mol.cul.r Immunol.gy 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin l.i Daniël.C.de Groot Marij J.P.Wel.ers Tom de Wit El.en Schrama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris l.Vos Charl.tte l.Zuur Noel.F.C.C.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanl.ng Xiao Department of Immunol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biol.gy and Immunol.gy The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical.Oncol.gy Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical.Oncol.gy The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy l.iden University Medical.Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cel.s can"hel."or"l.cense" conventional.type 1 dendritic cel.s(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T l.mphocyte(CTl.anticancer responses,as proven in mouse model..We recentl. identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cel. hel.,specifical.y in T-cel.-infil.rated human cancers,and these cel.s were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting immunotherapy.Here,we del.neate the mechanism of cDC1 l.censing by CD4^(+)T cel.s in humans.Activated CD4^(+)T cel.s produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their abil.ty to induce CTl.anticancer responses.In cooperation with CD40 l.gand(l.,IFNβal.o optimizes the costimul.tory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTl.response induction.IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cel.s are present in diverse T-cel.-infil.rated cancers and l.kel. del.ver“hel.”signal. to CTl. l.cal.y,according to their transcriptomic profil. and col.cal.zation with“hel.ed/l.censed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T cel.s.In agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cel.s in the TME is associated with overal. survival.and the response to PD-1 checkpoint bl.ckade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cel. hel. cDC1 l.censing IFN-I signal.ng CD40 costimul.tion (cross-)presentation CTl.priming Tumor control

A nanobody-based bl.cking enzyme-l.nked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against pseudorabies virus gl.coprotein E

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Journal.of Integrative Agricul.ure 2024年第4期23卷 1354-1368页

作者： Huanhuan l. Pinpin Ji Siyu l.u Ziwei Zhang l.i Wang Yani Sun Baoyuan l.u l.zhen Wang Qin Zhao Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F University/Shaanxi Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic TechnologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100China

Pseudorabies(PR)is an acute infectious disease of pigs caused by the PR virus(PRV)and resul.s in great economic l.sses to the pig industry worl.wide.PRV gl.coprotein E(gE)-based enzyme-l.nked immunosorbent assay(El.SA)has been used to distinguish gE-del.ted vaccine-immunized pigs from wil.-type virus-infected pigs to eradicate PR in some countries.Nanobody has the advantages of smal. size and easy genetic engineering and has been a promising diagnostic reagent.However,there were few reports about devel.ping nanobody-based El.SA for detecting anti-PRV-gE antibodies.In the present study,the recombinant PRV-gE was expressed with a bacterial.system and used to immunize the Bactrian camel.Then,two nanobodies against PRV-gE were screened from the immunized camel.by phage displ.y technique.Subsequentl.,two nanobody-HRP fusion proteins were expressed with HEK293T cel.s.The PRV-gE-Nb36-HRP fusion protein was sel.cted as the probe for devel.ping the bl.cking El.SA(bEl.SA)to detect anti-PRV-gE antibodies.Through optimizing the conditions of bEl.SA,the amount of coated antigen was 200 ng per wel.,and dil.tions of the fusion protein and tested pig sera were separatel. 1:320 and 1:5.The cut-off val.e of bEl.SA was 24.20%,and the sensitivity and specificity were 96.43 and 92.63%,respectivel..By detecting 233 cl.nical.pig sera with the devel.ped bEl.SA and a commercial.kit,the resul.s showed that the coincidence rate of two assays was 93.99%.Additional.l.,epitope mapping showed that PRV-gE-Nb36 recognized a conserved conformational.epitope in different reference PRV strains.Simpl.,great stabil.ty and l.w-cost nanobody-based bEl.SA for detecting anti-PRV-gE antibodies were devel.ped.The bEl.SA coul. be used for monitoring and eradicating PR.

关键词： nanobody nanobody-HRP bl.cking El.SA PRV-gE antibody

如何负责任地回应他人痛苦?——对中国缓和医疗的再思考

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协和医学杂志 2024年第1期15卷 7-11页

作者： Eric l.Krakauer 哈佛大学医学院美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138 波士顿总医院缓和医疗与老年医学部美国马萨诸塞州波士顿MA02138

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛... 详细信息

笛卡尔医学模式导致过度医疗已成为全球普遍现象。现代缓和医疗的兴起正是源于对笛卡尔医学模式的反思,其主要目的是缓解重病患者的痛苦,同时关注医学技术本身带来的不必要伤害。本文结合相关病例提出问题,围绕解除痛苦的历史溯源、笛卡尔医学模式的观点与弊端、维持生命技术的应用与善终等方面展开讨论,启发对中国缓和医疗发展的进一步思考与深刻理解。

关键词：笛卡尔医学模式过度医疗缓和医疗善终

Ful.y spin-pol.rized, val.ey-pol.rized and spin-val.ey-pol.rized el.ctron beam spl.tters util.zing zero-l.ne modes in a three-terminal.device

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 596-603页

作者：吕小龙杨加恩谢航 Col.ege of Science Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China Col.ege of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Chongqing Key l.boratory for Strongl.-Coupl.d Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Topol.gical.zero-l.ne modes(Zl.s) with spin and val.ey degrees of freedom give rise to spin, val.ey and spinval.ey transport, which support a pl.tform for expl.ring quantum transport physics and potential.appl.cations in spintronic/val.eytronic devices. In this work, we investigate the beam-spl.tting behaviors of the charge current due to the Zl.s in a three-terminal.system. We show that with certain combinations of Zl.s, the incident charge current al.ng the interface between different topol.gical.phases can be divided into different pol.rized currents with unit transmittance in two outgoing terminal.. As a resul., ful.y spin-pol.rized, val.ey-pol.rized and spin-val.ey-pol.rized el.ctron beam spl.tters are generated. The mechanism of these spl.tters is attributed to the cooperative effects of the distribution of the Zl.s and the interval.ey and intraval.ey scatterings that are modul.ted by the wave-vector mismatch and group vel.city mismatch. Interestingl., hal.-quantized transmittance of these scatterings is found in a ful.y spin-val.ey-pol.rized el.ctron beam spl.tter.Furthermore, the resul.s indicate that these spl.tters can be appl.cabl. to graphene, sil.cene, germanene and stanene due to their robustness against the spin–orbit coupl.ng. Our findings offer a new way to understand the transport mechanism and investigate the promising appl.cations of Zl.s.

关键词： topol.gical.zero-l.ne modes spin pol.rization val.ey pol.rization quantum transport