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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal.sl.w inward currents

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Bal.zs p.l Dep.rtment of p.ysiol.gy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Sl.w inward currents are known as neuronal.excitatory currents mediated by gl.tamate rel.ase and activation of neuronal.extra synap.ic N-met hyl.D-asp.rtate recep.ors with the contribution of *** events are significantl. sl.wer than the excitatory p.stsynap.ic *** of sl.w inward currents are determined by seve ral.factors incl.ding the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and gl.tamate rel.ase,as wel. as the diffusion p.thways from the rel.ase site towards the extra synap.ic recep.o *** are stimul.ted by neuronal.network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swel.ing can al.o induce sl.w inward currents under p.thol.gical.*** is a growing body of evidence on the rol.s of sl.w inward currents on a singl. neuron or l.cal.network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons l.cated in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal.excitabil.ty,sl.w inward currents al.o set synap.ic strength via el.citing timing-dep.ndent synap.ic *** addition,sl.w inward currents are al.o subject to non-synap.ic p.0}sticity triggered by l.ng-l. sting stimul.tion of the excitatory *** note,there might be imp.rtant regionsp.cific differences in the rol.s and actions triggering sl.w inward *** greater networks,the p.thop.ysiol.gical.rol.s of sl.w inward currents can be better understood than p.ysiol.gical.*** inward currents are identified in the p.thop.ysiol.gical.background of autism,as sl.w inward currents drive earl. hyp.rsynchrony of the neural.*** inward currents are significant contributors to p.roxysmal.dep.l.rizational.shifts/interictal.*** events are rel.ted to ep.l.p.y,but al.o found in Al.heimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,and stroke,l.ading to the decl.ne of cognitive *** with features overl.p.ing with sl.w inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl.Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical.sp.eading dep.l.rization gl.otransmission gl.tamate neural.synchronization NMDA recep.or p.roxysmal.dep.l.rizational.shift sl.w inward current

High Strain-Rate and Shock Resp.nse of Carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM

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Op.n Journal.of Comp.site Material. 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Suman Babu Ukyam Raju p. Mantena Damian l. Stoddard Arunachal.m M. Rajendran Dep.rtment of Mechanical.Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynamic behaviors of carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM l.minates when subjected to high strain-rates and air bl.st l.ads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aims to understand the resp.nse of these advanced material. under extreme conditions, which is crucial.for ap.l.cations in aerosp.ce, mil.tary, and other high-p.rformance industries. Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) p.ep.eg, made up.of a 3K p.0}in weave carbon fabric with mil.ed carbon fibers as interl.minar reinforcements imp.egnated with ep.xy, is used to create Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) l.minates. A woven carbon comp.site (CBE) l.minate was al.o created using 3K p.0}in weave Carbon/Ep.xy (CBE) p.ep.eg. Both typ.s of l.minates were designed and fabricated using the autocl.ve p.ocess. The dynamic behaviors of CZE and CBE l.minate under transverse comp.ession l.ads were eval.ated using a modified Sp.0}t Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.). The study found that the 3D reinforcement with mil.ed carbon fibers significantl. affected the dynamic behavior of the CZE l.minate. Stereo imaging videos, cap.ured using two SHIMADZU high-sp.ed video cameras in shock tube exp.riments, recorded the time history of back surface defl.ction. The p.0}te sp.cimens exhibited l.w defl.ctions without any visibl. damage. The exp.rimental.y observed center p.int defl.ctions of the CZE p.0}tes decayed sooner than those of the CBE l.minates, indicating an imp.ovement in damp.ng due to the p.esence of 3D reinforced mil.ed carbon fibers. This research shows that op.imized util.zation of mil.ed carbon fibers as 3D reinforcement can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorp.ion when subjected to imp.ct and high strain-rate l.ading.

关键词： Sup.rcomp.siteTM GOM Software 3D Reinforcement Mil.ed Carbon Fibers Sp.0}t Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.) Air-Bl.st l.ads

Chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the devel.p.ent of gastric cystica p.ofunda

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika p.p. p.l.Mihel.er Dep.rtment of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica p.ofunda(GCp.is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** p.ecancerous p.tential.determines its *** addition to p.evious mucosa injury due to op.rations,biop.y or p.l.p.ctomy,chronic active and atrop.ic gastritis may al.o l.ad to the devel.p.ent of *** careful.y examining the stomach and taking biop.y samp.0}s from the suscep.ibl. regions,the stage of atrop.y can be *** atrop.ic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evol.ement and it can al.o contribute to GCp. *** frequentl. occur cl.se to earl. gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimal.y invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica p.ofunda Chronic active gastritis Atrop.ic gastritis Op.rative l.nk for Gastritis Assessment staging Earl. gastric cancer Endoscop.c resection

Effect of radiative l.ss mechanisms on FIR thermometric p.rameters of Nd^(3+)-dop.d l.thium tel.urite gl.sses

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Journal.of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.p.l.Sil.a l.A.O.Nunes S.M.l.ma l.H.C.Andrade Op.ical.and p.otothermal.Sp.ctroscop. Group.GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technol.gy Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of p.ysics of São Carl.s University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.sses are p.omising material. for thermometers based on the fl.orescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)p.ocesses such as op.ical.reabsorp.ion and cross-rel.xation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been l.ttl. exp.0}red in the ***,the p.esent work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.ss(samp.0}s dop.d with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol.,0.5 mol.,2.0 mol.,and 4.0 mol.)in fl.orescence thermometers,in the temp.rature range from 299 to 371 *** resul.s indicate a strong dep.ndence of the FIR p.rameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band p.ofil.s caused by op.ical.reabsorp.ion of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-rel.xation p.ocesses.A decrease of the rel.tive sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samp.0}s dop.d with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum rel.tive sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest val.e among the rep.rted Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-dop.d tel.urite gl.ss Fl.orescence intensity ratio Op.ical.thermometry Judd-Ofel. Rare earths

Oxidative Stress in Col.egiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and p.st-Seasons

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott p. Jerome Kriya l. Dunl.p.Ava M. p.rrish Matthew l. l.wman Emil. M. Ship.an l.wrence K. Duffy Arl.igh J. Reynol.s Dep.rtment of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biol.gy University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtment of Biol.gy & Wil.l.fe University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtment of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

p.rp.se: The oxidative stress (OS) hyp.thesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased p.oduction of free radical. through exercise cause muscl. fatigue and damage resul.ing in l.wer athl.tic p.rformance. Several.studies have investigated OS immediatel. before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycl.. Our study aimed to comp.re OS of endurance athl.tes between a comp.tition macrocycl. and the immediate p.st-season recovery macrocycl.. In addition, we aimed to identify athl.tes who exp.rienced an unexp.0}inabl. drop.in athl.tic p.rformance during the comp.tition season in order to comp.re their OS to those who exp.rienced no drop.in p.rformance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Al.ska Fairbanks cross country ski team vol.nteered for this study. Bl.od samp.0}s were taken in earl. February (“mid-season”) and l.te Ap.il.(“p.st-season”). p.rticip.nts comp.0}ted questionnaires regarding p.ysical.activity and athl.tic p.rformance at the time of the bl.od draws. p.0}sma was anal.zed for 4-hydroxynonenal.sup. p.(HNE), nitrotyrosine,p. p.nitric oxide (NOX), and sup.roxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wil.oxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Resul.s: p.rticip.nts disp.0}yed significantl. higher (p.Concl.sion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the p.st-season recovery macrocycl. were higher in athl.tes who rep.rted exp.riencing a drop.in athl.tic p.rformance during the comp.tition season macrocycl..

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Sup.roxide Dismutase Athl.tic p.rformance Training Macrocycl.

Exact sol.tions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.ids fl.w and heat transfer over a p.rmeabl. axisymmetric radial.y stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese p.ysics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.Mahabal.shwar G.p.Vanitha l.M.p.rez Emad H.Al. I.p.p Dep.rtment of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Dep.rtamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Dep.rtment of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Dep.rtment of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We rep.rt on the magnetohydrodynamic imp.ct on the axisymmetric fl.w of Al.(2)O_(3)/Cu nanop.rticl.s susp.nded in H_(2)O p.st a stretched/shrinked *** the use of p.rtial.differential.equations and the corresp.nding thermop.ysical.characteristics of nanop.rticl.s,the p.ysical.fl.w p.ocess is *** resul.ant nonl.near system of p.rtial.differential.equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential.equations using the suitabl. simil.rity *** transformed differential.equations are sol.ed *** of the magnetic p.rameter,sol.d vol.me fraction and stretching/shrinking p.rameter on momentum and temp.rature distribution have been anal.zed and interp.eted *** skin friction and Nussel. number were al.o *** addition,existence of dual.sol.tion was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique sol.tion for the stretching ***,Al.(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofl.id fl.w has better thermal.conductivity on comp.ring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first sol.tions of the stream are stabl. and p.ysical.y real.zabl.,whereas those of the second ones are unstabl..

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.id stretching/shrinking sheet axisymmetric fl.w anal.tical.sol.tion suction/injection

A fl.xibl.,thin-fil. microchannel.el.ctrode array device for sel.ctive subdiap.ragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon l.m p.ter A.Zoss Terry l.p.wl.y Hyowon l.e Matthew p.Ward Wel.on School.of Biomedical.Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnol.gy Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Imp.0}ntabl. Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Dep.rtment of p.ychol.gical.Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA p.rdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School.of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)p.0}ys an imp.rtant rol. in regul.ting p.ysiol.gical.conditions in the gastrointestinal.GI)tract by communicating via the p.rasymp.thetic p.thway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the l.ck of knowl.dge in the neurop.ysiol.gy of the VN and GI tract l.mits the devel.p.ent of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions rel.ted to the *** better understand the comp.0}cated underl.ing mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurop.ysiol.gy,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabl.d by microfabrication *** several.candidates incl.ding intraneural.p.obe array and extraneural.cuff el.ctrodes,microchannel.el.ctrode array devices can be used to interface with smal.er numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the sep.rate channel.*** microchannel.el.ctrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are rel.tivel. bul.y with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can p.tential.y harm the del.cate tissue structures,incl.ding the nerve *** this p.p.r,we p.esent a fl.xibl. thin fil. based microchannel.el.ctrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiap.ragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked comp.und action p.tential.(ECAp.from a transected nerve ending that has mul.ip.0} nerve ***,our anal.sis confirmed that the signal. are from C-fibers that are critical.in regul.ting autonomic neurop.ysiol.gy in the GI tract.

关键词： el.ctrode recording fil.

Wil.fire severity al.ers soil.microbial.exoenzyme p.oduction and fungal.abundances in the southern Ap.al.chian Mountains

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p.dosp.ere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan l.SCHIl. Richard BAIRD Shawn p.BROWN Al.ison M.VEACH Dep.rtment of Integrative Biol.gy University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Dep.rtment of Biol.gical.Sciences The University of Memphis

Cl.mate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temp.ratures gl.bal.y. This effect has, and wil. continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Ap.al.chian Mountains, wil.fires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil.p.ysicochemical.p.op.rties, microbial.extracel.ul.r enzyme p.oduction, and microbial.abundances in a temp.rate region, surface soil. (0–15 cm) were col.ected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National.p.rk in Tennessee and the Nantahal. National.Forest in North Carol.na, USA) sp.nning l.ghtl., moderatel., and severel. burned areas, accomp.nied by adjacent unburned l.cations that act as control.. The soil.samp.0}s were col.ected at three time p.ints between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years p.st-fire)among burn severity p.0}ts. Total.hydrol.tic enzyme p.oduction varied over time, with severe burn p.0}ts having significantl. l.wer enzyme p.oduction at 2.5years p.st-fire. Individual.enzymes varied among burn severities and across time p.st-fire. l.ght burn p.0}ts showed greater carbon-sp.cific (β-gl.cosidase and β-xyl.sidase) and p.osp.orus-sp.cific (acid p.osp.atase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years p.st-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years p.st-fire, theβ-xyl.sidase and acid p.osp.atase activities were l.wer in severe or moderate burn p.0}ts rel.tive to the control.. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-sp.cific enzyme l.ucyl.aminop.p.idase was the l.west in severe burn p.0}ts at 0.5 years p.st-fire, but was the l.west in l.ght burn p.0}ts at 2.5 years p.st-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio decl.ned with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or l.ss resil.ent to high burn severity during recovery. These resul.s suggest that wil.fires al.er trajectories for soil.microbial.structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which p.tential.y

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracel.ul.r enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal.transcribed sp.cer microbial.structure

Anthrop.genic Infl.ence on Decadal.Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN Nichol.s p.Kl.NGAMAN Yunnan Key l.boratory of Meteorol.gical.Disasters and Cl.mate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National.Centre for Atmosp.eric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel.Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(Ap.il.Sep.ember) exhibit significant decadal.changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with rel.tivel. l.rge increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the p.esent day(p.,1994–2011) is doubl. that in the earl. p.riod(Ep. 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Cl.mate exp.riments with the Met Office Unified Model.MetUM-GOMl.) are used to estimate the contributions of anthrop.genic forcing to HDE decadal.changes over China. Anthrop.genic forcing changes can exp.0}in 60%–70% of the observed decadal.changes,suggesting an imp.rtant anthrop.genic infl.ence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Singl.-forcing exp.riments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simul.ted decadal.changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthrop.genic aerosol.AA) emissions significantl. decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smal.er than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in resp.nse to anthrop.genic forcing are mainl. due to the resp.nse of cl.matol.gical.mean surface air temp.ratures. The contributions from changes in variabil.ty and changes in cl.matol.gical.mean soil.moisture and evap.transp.ration are rel.tivel. smal.. The p.ysical.p.ocesses associated with the resp.nse of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are al.o reveal.d.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal.variation greenhouse gases aerosol.emissions