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Genetic Anal.sis of Three Popul.tions of Barbados Bl.ckbel.y Sheep at Microsatel.ite l.ci

Journal.of Agricul.ural.Science and Technol.gy(A) 2011年第8期1卷 1187-1191页

作者： l. mcclean l. Waterman C. Roberts The University of the West Indies Cave Hill Barbados Caribbean Agricul.ural.Research and Devel.pment Institute Barbados Unit Cave Hill Barbados

The phenotypic traits of high prol.ficacy, l.w fat on the rib eye muscl. and high tol.rance to internal.parasites make the Barbados Bl.ckbel.y （BBB） sheep a val.abl. economic resource for smal. subsistence farmers on some Caribbean isl.nds. However, the determination of what is a purebred BBB sheep has l.ng been a contentious issue because of the subjectivity. It is therefore necessary to have a more rel.abl. means of identifying what is a purebred BBB sheep for purposes of conservation and breed improvement. Three geographical.y isol.ted popul.tions of BBB sheep were genetical.y anal.sed at 19 microsatel.ite l.ci. Eighteen of the microsatel.ites were found to be useful.for genetic anal.sis of the BBB sheep, based on pol.morphic information content （PIC） val.es （0.5 〈 PIC 〉 0.25）. One microsatel.ite was not useful.for genetic anal.sis based on PIC （0.111）, however it is considered to be a l.cus of interest because it is ful.y inbred （f = 1） and homozygous in al. of the popul.tions anal.sed. The anal.sis al.o showed that the purebred popul.tion of BBB sheep can be distinguished from other popul.tions by formation of distinct cl.sters when subjected to anal.sis of mol.cul.r variance （AMOVA） and the construction of a rooted consensus tree using the Neighbour-Joining method and pair-wise distances based on marker estimated kinships.

关键词： Barbados bl.ckbel.y sheep microsatel.ite pol.morphism information content.

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Distinguishing normal.brain aging from the devel.pment of Al.heimer＇s disease：infl.mmation,insul.n signal.ng and cognition

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1719-1730页

作者： Paul.Denver Paul. l.mcclean Greater l.s Angel.s Veterans Affairs Heal.hcare System West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Centre for Mol.cul.r Biosciences University of UlsterColeraine Northern Ireland UK Northern Irel.nd Centre for Stratified Medicine ClinicalTranslational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC)University of UlsterDerry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK

As popul.tions age, preval.nce of Al.heimer＇s disease（AD） is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided val.abl. insights into the pathophysiol.gy of the disease, for which age is the principal.risk factor. However, in recent years, a mul.itude of cl.nical.trial.fail.res has l.d to pharmaceutical.corporations becoming more and more unwil.ing to support drug devel.pment in AD. It is possibl. that dependence on the amyl.id cascade hypothesis as a guide for precl.nical.research and drug discovery is part of the probl.m. Accumul.ting evidence suggests that amyl.id pl.ques and tau tangl.s are evident in non-demented individual. and that reducing or cl.aring these l.sions does not al.ays resul. in cl.nical.improvement. Normal.aging is associated with pathol.gies and cognitive decl.ne that are simil.r to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-rel.ted cognitive decl.ne and neuropathol.gy chal.enging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficul.ies with discerning normal. age-rel.ted cognitive decl.ne with that rel.ted to AD. We al.o discuss some neuropathol.gical.features of AD and aging, incl.ding amyl.id and tau pathol.gy, synapse l.ss, infl.mmation and insul.n signal.ng in the brain, with a view to highl.ghting cognitive or neuropathol.gical.markers that distinguish AD from normal.aging. It is hoped that this review wil. hel. to bol.ter future precl.nical.research and support the devel.pment of cl.nical.tool. and therapeutics for AD.

关键词： Al.heimer's disease aging infl.mmation cognitive function spatial.l.arning insul.n signal.ng synapses cytokines

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