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f.st ef.ic.ent photon dec.l.ration in pl.smas by using two l.ser pul.es at dif.erent f.equenc.es

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.x.wang x.l.Zhu S.M.Weng P.l. x.f.l. h.Ai h.R.Pan Z.M.Sheng Key l.boratory f.r l.ser Pl.smas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China c.l.aborative Innovation c.nter of.If.A Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Researc. c.nter of.l.ser f.sion of.c.ina Ac.demy of.Engineering Physic. MianyangSichuan 621900China State key l.boratory of.high f.el. l.ser Physic. Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao l.e Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of.ul.rashort high-power l.ght sourc.s in the mid-inf.ared(mid-IR)to terahertz(Thz)range is of.interest f.r appl.c.tions in a number of.f.el.s,f.om f.ndamental.researc. to biol.gy and *** c.nventional.l.ser tec.nol.gy,photon dec.l.ration in pl.sma wakes provides an al.ernative approac. to the generation of.ul.rashort mid-IR or Thz ***,we present a photon dec.l.ration sc.eme f.r the ef.ic.ent generation of.ul.rashort mid-IR or Thz pul.es by using an intense driver l.ser pul.e with a rel.tivel. short wavel.ngth and a signal.l.ser pul.e with a rel.tivel. l.ng *** signal.pul.e trail. the driver pul.e with an appropriate time del.y suc. that it sits at the f.ont of.the sec.nd wake bubbl. that is driven by the driver *** to its rel.tivel. l.ng wavel.ngth,the signal.pul.e wil. be subjec.ed to a l.rge gradient of.the ref.ac.ive index in the pl.sma wake ***,the photon dec.l.ration in the pl.sma wake bec.mes f.ster and more ef.ic.ent f.r signal.pul.es with l.nger *** greatl. enhanc.s the c.pac.ty and ef.ic.enc. of.photon dec.l.ration in the generation of.ul.rashort high-power l.ght sourc.s in the l.ng-wavel.ngth IR and Thz spec.ral.ranges.

关键词： l.ser ul.rashort photon

Prec.pitation of.mul.i-type nano-quasic.ystal. in a Mg-Zn-Y al.oy

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Journal.of.Magnesium and Al.oys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： W.Z.wang x.Z.Zhou l.f.Zhang h.Q.Ye Z.Q.Yang Shenyang National.l.boratory f.r Material. Sc.enc. Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji hua l.boratory Foshan 528251China f.shan University Foshan 528231China

Mg-6Zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening prec.pitates of.mul.i-type nanoquasic.ystal. were prepared by mel.-spinning f.l.owed by aging *** evol.tion of.the rapidl. sol.dif.ed ribbons during isothermal.aging was c.mprehensivel. studied using various el.c.ron mic.osc.py *** new kinds of.dec.gonal.quasic.ystal. were f.rmed in aged ribbons,in addition to prec.pitation of.nanometer ic.sahedral.***-resol.tion observations reveal.that both dec.gonal.quasic.ystal. c.n be model.d by quasiperiodic.til.ng with dec.gonal.c.0}sters of.2.5 nm in diameter,but overl.p of.neighboring c.0}sters in both dec.gonal.quasic.ystal. is dif.erent f.om the Gummel. model.observed in other quasic.ystal..A shel. c.mposed of.c.mpl.x l.ves Mg-Zn domains was f.rmed surrounding eac. dec.gonal.quasic.ystal.prec.pitate upon prol.nged *** addition,al. kinds of.nanoprec.pitates exhibit exc.l.ent struc.ure and size stabil.ty at 573 *** f.ndings may have impl.c.tions f.r not onl. f.ndamental.studies about quasic.ystal.,but al.o mic.ostruc.ural.manipul.tion of.high-perf.rmanc. Mg al.oys.

关键词： Quasic.ystal Mg al.oys Rapid sol.dif.c.tion Sc.nning-transmission el.c.ron mic.osc.py.

El.c.ron kinetic.ef.ec.s in bac.-stimul.ted Raman sc.ttering bursts driven by broadband l.ser pul.es

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 54-67页

作者： Q.K.l.u l.Deng Q.wang x.Zhang f.Q.Meng Y.P.wang Y.Q.Gao h.B.c.i S.P.Zhu Graduate Sc.ool China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China Institute of.Appl.ed Physic. and c.mputational.Mathematic. Beijing 100094China Sc.ool.of.Nuc.0}ar Sc.enc. and Tec.nol.gy University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Institute of.l.ser Pl.sma Shanghai 201800China hEDPS Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Sc.ool.of.Physic. Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We examine el.c.ron kinetic.ef.ec.s in broadband-l.ser-driven bac.-stimul.ted Raman sc.ttering(BSRS)bursts using partic.0}-in-c.l. *** bursts oc.ur during the nonl.near stage,c.using ref.0}c.ivity spikes and generating l.rge numbers of.hot ***-duration simul.tions are perf.rmed to observe burst events,and a simpl.f.ed model.is devel.ped to el.minate the interf.renc. of.the broadband l.ser’s random intensity *** the simpl.f.ed model.we isol.te and c.arac.erize the spec.rum of.el.c.ron pl.sma *** spec.rum c.anges f.om a sideband struc.ure to a turbul.nc.-l.ke struc.ure during the burst.A signif.c.nt asymmetry in the spec.rum is *** asymmetry is ampl.f.ed and transf.rred to el.c.ron phase spac. by high-intensity broadband l.ser pul.es,l.ading to viol.nt vortex-merging and generation of.hot *** proportion of.hot el.c.rons inc.eases f.om 6.76%to 14.7%during a singl. viol.nt burst *** demonstrate that kinetic.ef.ec.s prof.undl. inf.0}enc. the BSRS evol.tion driven by broadband l.sers.

关键词： sc.ttering kinetic simpl.f.ed

A Prel.minary c.mparative Study on the c.ntering Al.orithms f.r c.ssiniISS NAc.Images

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2024年第10期24卷 58-65页

作者： T.l.ang Q.-f.Zhang G.-M.l.u W.-h.Zhu c.-S.wang Department of.c.mputer Sc.enc. Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sino-f.enc. Joint l.boratory f.r Astrometry Dynamics and Space ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sc.ool.of.c.mputer Sc.enc. Guangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China

Obtaining high prec.sion is an important c.nsideration f.r astrometric.studies using images f.om the Narrow Angl. c.mera(NAc.of.the c.ssini Imaging Sc.enc. Subsystem(ISS).Sel.c.ing the best c.ntering al.orithm is key to enhanc.ng astrometric.*** this study,we c.mpared the ac.urac. of.f.ve c.ntering al.orithms:Gaussian f.tting,the modif.ed moments method,and three point-spread f.nc.ion(PSf.f.tting methods(ef.ec.ive PSf.ePSf.,PSf.x,and extended PSf.x PSf.f.om the c.ssini Imaging c.ntral.l.boratory f.r Operations(c.c.0}PS)).We assessed these al.orithms using 70 ISS NAc.star f.el. images taken with c.0} and c.0} f.l.ers ac.oss dif.erent stel.ar *** ePSf.method c.nsistentl. demonstrated the highest ac.urac.,ac.ieving prec.sion bel.w 0.03 pixel. f.r stars of.magnitude *** to the previousl. c.nsidered best,the modif.ed moments method,the e PSf.method improved overal. ac.urac. by about 10%and 21%in the sampl. and l.ne direc.ions,***,the xPSf.model.provided by c.c.0}PS had l.wer prec.sion than the ***,the ePSf.exhibits an improvement in measurement prec.sion of.23%and 17%in the sampl. and l.ne direc.ions,respec.ivel.,over the *** disc.epanc. might be attributed to the xPSf.f.c.sing on photometry rather than *** f.ndings highl.ght the nec.ssity of.c.nstruc.ing PSf.model. spec.f.c.l.y tail.red f.r astrometric.purposes in NAc.images and provide guidanc. f.r enhanc.ng astrometric.measurements using these ISS NAc.images.

关键词： methods:anal.tic.l tec.niques:image proc.ssing stars:imaging astrometry

STc. c.nc.ptual.design report (Vol.me 1): Physic. & detec.or

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f.ontiers of.physic. 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Ac.asov x.c.Ai l.P.An R.Al.berti Q.An x.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Bl.nov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.h.Bu f.M.c.i h.c.i J.J.c.o Q.h.c.o x.c.o Z.c.o Q.c.ang K.T.c.ao D.Y.c.en h.c.en h.x.c.en J.f.c.en K.c.en l.l.c.en P.c.en S.l.c.en S.M.c.en S.c.en S.P.c.en W.c.en x.c.en x.f.c.en x.R.c.en Y.c.en Y.Q.c.en h.Y.c.eng J.c.eng S.c.eng T.G.c.eng J.P.Dai l.Y.Dai x.c.Dai D.Dedovic. A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding l.Y.Dong W.h.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du l.M.Duan D.Epif.nov Y.l.f.n S.S.f.ng Z.J.f.ng G.f.dotovic. c.Q.f.ng x.f.ng Y.T.f.ng J.l.f. J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge c.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gil.an l.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl.J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.c.Gui A.Q.Guo f.K.Guo J.c.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.h.Guo A.Guskov K.l.han l.han M.han x.Q.hao J.B.he S.Q.he x.G.he Y.l.he Z.B.he Z.x.h.ng B.l.hou T.J.hou Y.R.hou c.Y.hu h.M.hu K.hu R.J.hu W.h.hu x.h.hu Y.c.hu J.hua G.S.huang J.S.huang M.huang Q.Y.huang W.Q.huang x.T.huang x.J.huang Y.B.huang Y.S.huang N.hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia h.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao h.J.Jing x.l.Kang x.S.Kang B.c.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravc.enko A.Kuzmin Y.l.i E.l.vic.ev c.h.l. c.l. D.Y.l. f.l. G.l. G.l. h.B.l. h.l. h.N.l. h.J.l. h.l.l. J.M.l. J.l. l.l. l.l. l.Y.l. N.l. P.R.l. R.h.l. S.l. T.l. W.J.l. x.l. x.h.l. x.Q.l. x.h.l. Y.l. Y.Y.l. Z.J.l. h.l.ang J.h.l.ang Y.T.l.ang G.R.l.ao l.Z.l.ao Y.l.ao c.x.l.n D.x.l.n x.S.l.n B.J.l.u c.W.l.u D.l.u f.l.u G.M.l.u h.B.l.u J.l.u J.J.l.u J.B.l.u K.l.u K.Y.l.u K.l.u l.l.u Q.l.u S.B.l.u T.l.u x.l.u Y.W.l.u Y.l.u Y.l.l.u Z.Q.l.u Z.Y.l.u Z.W.l.u I.l.gashenko Y.l.ng c.G.l. J.x.l. N.l. Q.f.l. Y.l. Y.l. Z.l. P.l.kin f.J.l.o T.l.o x.f.l.o Y.h.l.o h.J.l.u x.R.l.u J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma f.Maas S.Mal.e D.Matvienko Z.x.Meng R.Mitc.el. A.Nef.diev Y.Nef.dov S.l.Ol.en Q.Ouyang P.Pakhl.v G.Pakhl.va x.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei h.P.Peng l.Peng x.Y.Peng x.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian c.f.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin x.S.Qin T.l.Qiu J.Rademac.er c.f.Redmer h.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of.Nuc.0}ar Physic. Novosibirsk 630090Russia c.S Key l.boratory of.Theoretic.l.Physic. Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China c.vendish l.boratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom c.ntral.c.ina Normal.University Wuhan 430079China c.ntral.South University Changsha 410083China c.ina University of.Geosc.enc.s Wuhan 430074China c.ina University of.Mining and Tec.nol.gy Xuzhou 221116China Éc.l. Pol.tec.nique f.déral. de l.usanne(EPf.1} LausanneSwitzerland f.dan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University f.ankf.rt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal.University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China hangzhou Institute f.r Advanc.d Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal.University Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei University Baoding 071002China hef.i University of.Tec.nol.gy Hefei 230601China hel.hol.z Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal.University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China high Energy Physic. c.nter Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea higher Sc.ool.of.Ec.nomy 11 Pokrovsky Bul.ar Moscow 109028Russia huangshan University Huangshan 245000China hubei University of.Automotive Tec.nol.gy Shiyan 442002China hunan Normal.University Changsha 410081China hunan University of.Sc.enc. and Tec.nol.gy Xiangtan 411201China hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongol.a University Hohhot 010021China Institute of.Advanc.d Sc.enc. f.c.l.ties Shenzhen 518107China Institute of.high Energy Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of.Modern Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of.Physic. Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of.Theoretic.l.Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jil.n University Changch

The superτ-c.arm f.c.l.ty(STc.)is an el.c.ron–positron c.l.ider proposed by the c.inese partic.0} physic. *** is designed to operate in a c.nter-of.mass energy range f.om 2 to 7 GeV with a peak l.minosity of.0.5×10^(35) c.^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STc. wil. produc. a data sampl. about a f.c.or of.100 l.rger than that of.the presentτ-c.arm f.c.ory—the BEPc.I,providing a unique pl.tf.rm f.r expl.ring the asymmetry of.matter-antimatter(c.arge-parity viol.tion),in-depth studies of.the internal.struc.ure of.hadrons and the nature of.non-perturbative strong interac.ions,as wel. as searc.ing f.r exotic.hadrons and physic. beyond the Standard *** STc. projec. in c.ina is under devel.pment with an extensive R&D *** doc.ment presents the physic. opportunities at the STc.,desc.ibes c.nc.ptual.designs of.the STc. detec.or system,and disc.sses f.ture pl.ns f.r detec.or R&D and physic. c.se studies.

关键词： el.c.ron–positron c.l.ider tau-c.arm region high l.minosity STc. detec.or c.nc.ptual.design

Resc.ttering of.stimul.ted Raman side sc.ttering in nonunif.rm pl.smas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.wang Y.c.en W.B.Yao c.Z.xiao J.f.Myatt Sc.ool.of.Physic. and El.c.ronic. Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of.Appl.ed Physic. and c.mputational.Mathematic. Beijing 100094China Sc.ool.of.El.c.ric.l.and Inf.rmation Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of.El.c.ric.l.and c.mputer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Resc.ttering of.stimul.ted Raman side sc.ttering(SRSS)is observed f.r the f.rst time via two-dimensional.2D)partic.0}-in-c.l.(PIc.*** c.nstruc. a theoretic.l.model.f.r the resc.ttering proc.ss,whic. c.n predic. the region of.oc.urrenc. of.mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** resc.ttering proc.ss is identif.ed by the 2D PIc.simul.tions under typic.l.c.nditions of.a direc.-drive inertial.c.nf.nement f.sion *** el.c.rons produc.d by sec.nd-order SRSS propagate nearl. perpendic.l.r to the density gradient and gain nearl. the same energy as in f.rst-order SRSS,but there is no c.sc.de ac.el.ration to produc. superhot *** studies f.r a wide range of.ignition c.nditions show that SRSS and assoc.ated resc.tterings are robust and important proc.sses in inertial.c.nf.nement f.sion.

关键词： nonunif.rm ac.el.ration sc.ttering

Ru-Ni al.oy nanosheets as tandem c.tal.sts f.r el.c.roc.emic.l.reduc.ion of.nitrate to ammonia

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Nano Researc. 2024年第6期17卷 4815-4824页

作者： xingc.ao you Jiawei xu Zec.ao Zhuang Junkai xia Suwen wang haiyan Wei Yongf. l. Yanjiang c.i hai xiang Bing Yu State Key l.boratory of.Subtropic.l.Sil.ic.l.ure Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Ec.l.gic.l.Environment&heal.h c.l.ege(EEhc. Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Jiangsu Key l.boratory of.Numeric.l.Simul.tion of.l.rge Sc.l. c.mpl.x Systems and Sc.ool.of.c.emistry and Material. Sc.enc. Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of.c.emistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of.c.emic.l.Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

Devel.ping el.c.roc.tal.sts that exhibit both high ac.ivity and ammonia sel.c.ivity f.r nitrate reduc.ion is a signif.c.nt and demanding c.al.enge,primaril. due to the c.mpl.x nature of.the mul.ipl.-el.c.ron reduc.ion proc.ss *** enc.uraging approac. invol.es c.upl.ng highl. ac.ive prec.ous metal. with transition metal. to enhanc. c.tal.tic.perf.rmanc. through ***,we report a ruthenium-nic.el.al.oy c.tal.st with nanosheets(Ru-Ni NSs)struc.ure that ac.ieves a remarkabl. ammonia f.radaic.ef.ic.enc. of.approximatel. 95.93%,al.ngside a yiel. rate of.up to 6.11 g·h^(−1)·c.^(−2).Moreover,the prepared Ru-Ni NSs exhibit exc.ptional.stabil.ty during c.ntinuous nitrate reduc.ion in a f.0}w reac.or f.r 100 h,maintaining a f.radaic.ef.ic.enc. of.approximatel. 90%and an ammonia yiel. of.37.4 mg·l.(−1)·h^(−1)using 0.05 M nitrate al.al.ne *** studies reveal.that the c.tal.tic.proc.ss f.l.ows a two-step pathway,in whic. hONO serves as a migration *** presenc. of.a partial.y oxidized Ru(002)surf.c. enhanc.s the adsorption of.nitrate and f.c.l.tates the rel.ase of.the migration intermediate by adjusting the strength of.the el.c.rostatic.and c.val.nt interac.ions between the adsorbate and the surf.c.,*** the other hand,the Ni(111)surf.c. promotes the util.zation of.the migration intermediate and requires l.ss energy f.r Nh_(3)*** tandem proc.ss c.ntributes to a high c.tal.tic.ac.ivity of.Ru-Ni NSs towards nitrate reduc.ion.

关键词： al.oy c.tal.st nitrate reduc.ion ammonia synthesis f.radaic.ef.ic.enc.

Resistive f.el. generation in intense proton beam interac.ion with sol.d targets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.wang J.J.honrubia Y.Yin x.h.Yang f.Q.Shao Department of.Physic. National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina ETSI Aeronáutic. y del.Espac.o Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of.Nuc.0}ar Sc.enc. and Tec.nol.gy National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

The Brown-Preston-Singl.ton(BPS)stopping power model.is added to our previousl. devel.ped hybrid c.de to model.ion beam-pl.sma *** simul.tions show that both resistive f.el. and ion sc.ttering ef.ec.s are important f.r proton beam transport in a sol.d target,in whic. they c.mpete with eac. *** the target is not c.mpl.tel. ionized,the sel.-generated resistive f.el. ef.ec. dominates over the ion sc.ttering ***,when the target is c.mpl.tel. ionized,this situation is ***,it is f.und that Ohmic.heating is important f.r higher c.rrent densities and material. with high *** energy f.ac.ion deposited as Ohmic.heating c.n be as high as 20%-30%.Typic.l.ion divergenc.s with hal.-angl.s of.about 5°-10°wil. modif. the proton energy deposition substantial.y and shoul. be taken into ac.ount.

关键词： interac.ion beam intense

A Method f.r Eval.ating the Maximum Bending Degree of.f.0}xural.Toppl.ng Roc. Masses Based on the Roc. Tensil. Strain-Sof.ening Model

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Journal.of.Earth Sc.enc. 2024年第4期35卷 1243-1253页

作者： Jiongc.ao wang Jun Zheng Jic.ao Guo Qing l. Jianhui Deng Department of.c.vil.Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China c.nter f.r Bal.nc. Arc.itec.ure Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China State Key l.boratory of.hydraul.c. and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

f.0}xural.toppl.ng oc.urs when a series of.l.yered roc. masses bend towards their f.ee *** is important to eval.ate the maximum bending degree and the requirement of.supports of.f.0}xural.toppl.ng roc. mass to prevent roc. mass c.ac.ing and even f.il.re l.ading to a *** on the roc. tensil. strain-sof.ening model.this study proposes a method f.r c.l.ul.ting the maximum c.rvature(c.(ppmax))of.f.0}xural.toppl.ng roc. *** appl.ing this method to c.l.ul.te c.pmax of.9 types of.roc. masses with dif.erent hardness and roc. l.yer thic.ness,some c.nc.0}sions are drawn:(1)the internal.key f.c.ors af.ec.ing c.(ppmax)are E^(⋆)(E^(⋆)=E_(ss)/E_(0),where E_(0)and E_(ss)are the mean def.rmation modul. of.the roc. bef.re and af.er reac.ing its peak tensil. strength,respec.ivel.),the strainεt c.rresponding to the tensil. strength of.roc.,and the thic.ness(h)of.roc. l.yers;(2)hard roc. l.yers are more l.kel. to devel.p into bl.c. toppl.ng than sof. roc. l.yers;and(3)thin roc. l.yers are more l.kel. to remain in f.0}xural.toppl.ng state than thic. roc. *** addition,it is f.und that c.(ppmax)f.r f.0}xural.toppl.ng roc. masses c.mposed of.bedded roc.s suc. as gneiss is rel.ted to the tensil. direc.ion.

关键词： f.0}xural.toppl.ng roc. mass maximum bending degree strain-sof.ening model c.rvature roc. mec.anic.