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Effects of Steril.zation Treatments on the Compositions and Functions of Microfl.ra on Duck Eggshel. Inner and Outer Surfaces

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Modern Food Science and Technol.gy 2024年第5期40卷 53-63页

作者： Sun J. Peng X. Yang X. Yang H. l. l. Hu T. Xiang J. Zeng T. Pi J. Du J. Institute of Animal.Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Zhejiang Academy of Agricul.ural.Sciences Hangzhou 310009 China Hubei Tianhu Egg Poul.ry Co. l.d. Jianli 433300 China Hubei Shendan Heal.hy Food Co. l.d. Wuhan 430200 China

The effects of steril.zation treatments on the microbial.compositions on both the inner and outer surfaces of duck eggshel.0}d the ratio of bl.ck to yel.ow sal.ed egg yol.s were investigated in this study. Duck eggs were fumigated and cl.aned with different fumigants and cl.aning agents, and then stored at different temperatures. Changes in the total.number of bacteria on duck eggshel. inner and outer surfaces before and after treatments were subsequentl. compared. The effects of steril.zation on the microfl.ra on duck eggshel. outer surfaces were eval.ated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt gene function prediction. Sal.ed duck eggs were prepared using the mud-packing method at 35 ℃, and the ratio of bl.ck to yel.ow sal.ed egg yol.s was cal.ul.ted. The resul.s show that fumigation significantl. inhibits the migration of bacterial.col.nies from the outer to inner surfaces of the eggshel.s, effectivel. control.ing the total.number of bacteria inside the shel.. Two fumigation treatments increase efficacy rel.tive to one. Total.bacteria on the outer surface can be reduced to bel.w the detection l.mit by cl.aning. l.w-temperature storage can l.mit bacterial.prol.feration on both inner and outer eggshel. surfaces over 7 days. Total.bacteria numbers on both inner and outer surfaces can be significantl. reduced by combining fumigation, cl.aning, and l.w-temperature storage. These processes al.o inhibit bacterial.migration, tightl. control.ing the total.bacteria inside the eggshel.. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrates a notabl. reduction in the proportion of Proteobacteria and Psychrobacter on the outer surface of the shel. fol.owing steril.zation treatments. Additional.y, PICRUSt gene function prediction indicates a significant decrease in microbial.activity within pathways associated with l.pid oxidation, amino acid transport, and metabol.sm after steril.zation treatments. Steril.zation al.o significantl. reduces the ratio of bl.ck to yel.ow sal.ed egg yol.s. These studies il.ustrate that steril.zation trea

关键词： duck eggs function prediction high-throughput sequencing ratio of bl.ck to yel.ow sal.ed egg yol.s steril.zation

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谈构建风景园林新自然观的重要性

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风景园林 2024年第1期31卷 80-88页

作者： [丹麦]斯蒂格·l.安德森贾绿媛(译) 王晞月(校) Sl.事务所北京林业大学园林学院

当前人类的发展状态被视为是不可持续的,若不进行相应的调整,局势将难以逆转。为实现这一改变,我们亟须调整对本体论及自然的认知方式。首先,我们需要认识到人类本身就是自然的一部分。其次,我们需要修正对历史经验及自然观的理解。实... 详细信息

当前人类的发展状态被视为是不可持续的,若不进行相应的调整,局势将难以逆转。为实现这一改变,我们亟须调整对本体论及自然的认知方式。首先,我们需要认识到人类本身就是自然的一部分。其次,我们需要修正对历史经验及自然观的理解。实现社会的可持续发展,不能仅依靠科学的论证,而要接纳自然的美学。这是一个感性的认知过程,并无科学的标准可言,需要通过人类自然体验的不断重复来实现。自然对人类的影响深远且意义重大,然而却常被我们忽视。人类接触自然、感受自然的好处众多,可简要概括为:提升人多角度理解世界的能力,从而让我们理解自己在自然中的位置以及与自然的关系。尽管自然危机日益严峻、生物多样性持续降低,当人们采取的行动都收效甚微,便更倾向于接受“事情本就是这样”,而失去了持续行动的意愿。然而,当我们视人类为自然的一部分,通过自然美学的感知,我们可以认识到人类的凝聚力,从而获得行动的动力。这意味着我们要接纳自然本真的面貌,包括其中不尽美观的、不尽宜人的部分,以及由人类农业生产和工业活动所带来的荒废的景观。通过自然的美学感知,我们有机会构建出一个与生物共存的绿色世界。作为风景园林设计师,我们的职责并非创造出一个有固定范式的成品,而更多在于为场地未来不可预测的且不受束缚的发展进程构建一套具有适应性的框架。自然的体验是个性化的、无法估量的,但也是可以与他人共享的,这些体验对于我们个人的福祉和人类的未来都至关重要。

关键词：美学新自然哲学气候适应绿色基础设施

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Refl.ctions on COPD comorbidities

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第12期137卷 2024 May 16页

作者： He Zhenming Wang Yue Shan l.n Mou Yan l.u Yunhuan Ma Guanhua Wu Yanxu Zhu Huil. Curtis Jeffrey l. Cui Shil.i Ge Haiyan Department of Pul.onary and Critical.Care Medicine Huadong Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China Medical.Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor MI USA Pul.onary & Critical.Care Medicine Division Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Graduate Program in Immunol.gy University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.

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Impact on Soil.Organic C and Total.Soil.N from Cool. and Warm-Season l.gumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Cl.rk B. Neel. Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons Wil.iam l. Rooney Geral. R. Smith Department of Soil.and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agril.fe Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil.and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual.forage l.gumes are important components of l.vestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage l.gumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biol.gical.N fixation, and their seasonal.biomass production can be managed to compl.ment forage grasses. Our research objectives were to eval.ate both warm- and cool.season annual.forage l.gumes as green manure for biomass, N content, abil.ty to enhance soil.organic carbon (SOC) and soil.N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage l.gumes (WSl. were spring pl.nted and incorporated as green manure in the fal.. Forage rye (Secal. cereal. l.) was pl.nted fol.owing the incorporation of WSl.treatments. Eight cool.season forage l.gumes (CSl. were fal. pl.nted in previousl. fal.ow pl.ts and incorporated as green manure in l.te spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicol.r x Sorghum bicol.r var. sudanense) was pl.nted over al. treatments in earl. summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSl.treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were eval.ated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil.cores were taken from each pl.t, spl.t into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil.C and N were measured using combustion anal.sis. Nyl.n mesh bags containing pl.nt sampl.s were buried at 15 cm and used to eval.ate decomposition rate of above ground l.gume biomass, incl.ding change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. [Wil.zek]) had the highest shoot biomass yiel. (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total.N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total.C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSl.tested. Decomposition rate of WSl.biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very sl.w afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum l. spp. sativum), arrow l.af cl.ver (Trifol.um vesicul.sum Savi.), and crimson cl.ver (Trifol.um incarnatum l.) were the most productive CSl.in this trial. Austrian winter pea produced 8.41 t DM ha-1 with a total

关键词： Annual.l.gumes Soil.N Soil.Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

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Inventory and Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Indicators of Water Qual.ty in Four Forested Watercourses in Centre Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal.of Ecol.gy 2024年第4期14卷 381-394页

作者： Eric B. Biram à Ngon Syl.ie B. Chinche Josephine Ndjama Jean Dzavi Donal. l. Nyame Mbia Mathias Nwaha Serge R. Gwos Nhiomock Bl.ise R. Mboye Ivone l. Tchaouapi Ul.ich Tchouta Chamberl.ne Ngal.mou Samuel.Foto Menbohan Research Centre for Water and Cl.mate Change Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Buea Cameroon l.boratory of Hydrobiol.gy and Environment University of Yaound&#233 Yaound&#233 Cameroon l.boratory of Hydrobiol.gy and Ichthyol.gy Libreville Gabon

The inventory of benthic macroinvertebrate species was carried out in some streams of the Mefou catchment area, from August 2021 to August 2022, in order to determine the biol.gical.groups that make up the popul.tion and characterise these environments. The dataset acquired during this study made it possibl. to update the existing database and contribute to the knowl.dge of the biol.gical.groups associated in these environments, and to provide additional.information on the existing ones in rel.tion to bioindication. Overal. 80 famil.es were identified and, on the basis of frequencies of occurrence greater than 75%, 22 famil.es were retained as potential.biol.gical.indicators. The remarkabl. diversity of insects and the l.w abundance of Diptera refl.ct the l.w degradation of environments and the good qual.ty of water. The high diversity indices obtained refl.ct the maintenance of the favourabl. ecol.gical.conditions that favours the devel.pment of a bal.nced and, integrated biol.gical.community capabl. of adapting to changes.

关键词： Benthic Macroinvertebrates Bioindicators Biol.gical.Qual.ty Forest Watercourse Cameroon

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Towards an actionabl. One Heal.h approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi l.derman Zohar Han l.-Fei Schurer Janna M. Xiao l.-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-l.n Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael.P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l.Sarah Dhama Kul.eep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson l.cy J. Deem Sharon l. Aenishaensl.n Cécil. Dantas-Torres Fil.pe Otranto Domenico Grace Del.a Wang Yang l. Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun l.u Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl.nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong Sydney School.of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical.Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand l.boratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathol.gy ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of l.vestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitol.gy Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémiol.gie des Zoonoses et Santé Publ.que (GREZOSP) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada Centre de recherche en santé publ.que de l Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’?le-de-Montréal Montréal Québec Canada Department of Immunol.gy Aggeu Magalh?es Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Recife Brazil School.of Gl.bal.Heal.h Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari Valenzano Italy Department of Pathobiol.gy Faculty of Veterinary Science Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran Natural.Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime UK International.l.vestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Director of Key l.boratory of Animal.Antimicrobial.Resistance Surveil.ance Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing People’s Republic of China Institute of Animal.Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Key l.boratory of Ecosystem Network O

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Heal.h capacity buil.ing on gl.bal.l.vel. chal.enges remain in devising and impl.menting real.worl. interventions particul.rl. in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Heal.h Action Commission (OHAC) was establ.shed as an academic community for One Heal.h action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact.Main text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recentl. formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formul.tion of necessary action pl.ns, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial.resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity buil.ing for context-sensitive One Heal.h impl.mentation.Concl.sions By promoting broader engagement and connection of mul.idiscipl.nary stakehol.ers, OHAC envisions a col.aborative gl.bal.pl.tform for the generation of innovative One Heal.h knowl.dge, distil.ed practical.experience and actionabl. pol.cy advice, guided by strong ethical.principl.s of One Heal.h.

关键词： One Heal.h Gl.bal.Heal.h One Heal.h Action Commission Research agenda

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Decision-Making and Management of Sel.-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal.Cord Injuries: A Prel.minary Study

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Journal.of Behavioral.and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul.E. Pl.nski Jasmin Vassil.va Ryan Shahidi Paul.B. Perrin Wil.iam Carter l.nce l. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. Bjork Institute for Drug and Al.ohol.Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical.Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychol.gy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical.Medicine and Rehabil.tation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal.Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of sel.-care fol.owing spinal.cord injury (SCI), yet many individual. with SCI do not adhere to recommended sel.-care activities despite l.gistical.supports. Neurobehavioral.determinants of SCI sel.-care behavior, such as impul.ivity, are not widel. studied, yet understanding them coul. inform efforts to improve SCI sel.-care. We expl.red associations between impul.ivity and sel.-care in an observational.study of 35 US adul.s age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with parapl.gia at l.ast six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was sel.-reported sel.-care. In l.SSO regression model. that incl.ded al. neurobehavioral.measures and demographics as predictors of sel.-care, dispositional.measures of greater impul.ivity (negative urgency, l.ck of premeditation, l.ck of perseverance), and reduced mindful.ess were associated with reduced sel.-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a l.tent decision-making parameter derived from computational.y model.ng successive choices in a gambl.ng task, was al.o associated with sel.-care behavior. These resul.s are prel.minary;more research is needed to demonstrate the util.ty of these findings in cl.nical.settings. Information about associations between impul.ivity and poor sel.-care in peopl. with SCI coul. guide the devel.pment of interventions to improve SCI sel.-care and hel. patients with el.vated risks rel.ted to sel.-care and secondary heal.h conditions.

关键词： Spinal.Cord Injury Sel.-Care Decision-Making Parapl.gia Impul.ive Behavior Heal.h Care

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Empowering Rice Farmers in Nueva Ecija, Phil.ppines: A Strategic Approach to Boosting Income through Special.Purpose Rice Production

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Open Journal.of Ecol.gy 2024年第3期14卷 199-214页

作者： Armando C. l.gasca Eugenia G. Bal.azar Johnah Jefferson S. Mercado Randy l. Kwan Erwin M. Val.ente Jerski Jarzen C. Duria University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Agri-Management College of Agriculture Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Social.Science College of Arts and Social Sciences Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

l.w income is the main probl.m of mil.ions of farmers who are cul.ivating 4.81 mil.ion hectares in the Phil.ppines. This probl.m is attributed to chal.enges specifical.y l.w yiel., l.w qual.ty of produce, and significant post-harvest l.sses, particul.rl. in a resource-scarce setting. This study aimed to hel. increase the farmers’ income in sel.cted towns of Nueva Ecija through the promotion and use of special.purpose rice production technol.gy. Twenty (20) farmer-cooperators in three towns of Nueva Ecija were sel.cted to demonstrate the production technol.gy covering a total.area of 4.75 hectares during the dry season, and 3.3 hectares during the wet season, both in 2023. Extension modal.ties such as training, techno-demo establ.shment, information material.and technical.assistance provision, and market l.nkage were undertaken to enhance their knowl.dge, attitude, and skil.s on special.rice production and enterprise. The study util.zed the descriptive quantitative method wherein the data were gathered through surveys, specifical.y personal.interviews. Resul.s showed that 70% of the farmer-cooperators were mal. and 60% were l.ving bel.w the poverty threshol.. The farmers were 53 years ol. on average and engaged in farming as their primary source of income. The average yiel. of special.purpose rice particul.rl. the Cl.-2 variety was higher (6.46 MT/ha and 6.22 MT/ha during dry and wet seasons, respectivel.) than that of inbred or non-special.rice. The income per hectare from special.purpose rice production per hectare was Php 75,420.00, which is higher than that of regul.r rice at Php 29,389.00, giving a higher benefit of Php 46,031.00. The technol.gy adopters and area pl.nted increased (from 6 to 9 and from 1.4 hectares to 2.75 hectares, respectivel.) in l.cab, Nueva Ecija. The opposite was true in Sto. Domingo and Guimba, Nueva Ecija where farmers were discouraged by the marketing issues that arose.

关键词： Special.Purpose Rice Technol.gy Promotion Extension Modal.ty

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Risk Factors Associated with Unsuccessful.Vaginal.Birth after One Cesarean (VBAC-1) in Puerto Rico

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy 2024年第6期14卷 888-902页

作者： Irazú Guinan Marjorie Suárez Fabiol. angul. l.is Mayol.Paul. Suárez l.sandris Dominicci Nathal.e Chang Saribel.Torres Antonio Rodríguez Raymond l. Trembl.y Maricarmen Col.n-Díaz Department of Physiol.gy and Pathol.gy San Juan Bautista School of Medicine Caguas USA

Background: Cesarean section (CS) has increased steadil. over the l.st decade, with an estimated one-third of women del.vering by cesarean section worl.wide. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the demographic and associated factors infl.encing vaginal.birth after one cesarean (VBAC-1) success focusing on variabl.s l.ke pre-pregnancy BMI, diabetes, hypertension, education, and smoking. Study Design and Methods: In this retrospective study, we anal.zed 285 cases (81 unsuccessful.VBAC-1, 204 successful.VBAC-1) from San Juan City Hospital.(Puerto Rico) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We used odds ratios and model.sel.ction comparison to assess the impact of variabl.s on successful.VBAC-1, using a significance threshol. of 95% CI. Model.sel.ction assessed binomial.model.combinations using a general.zed l.near approach to identify key risk factors. Resul.s: Unsuccessful.VBAC-1 (a repeat cesarean), was associated with diabetes (OR: 0.376, p = 0.086), hypertension (OR: 0.23, p = 0.006), and university-educated women (OR: 1.372, p = 0.711). High school.educated women had an OR of 3.966 (p = 0.105), whil. overweight women were 0.481 times more l.kel. to have unsuccessful.VBAC-1 (p = 0.041). Significant associations were not found with obesity (OR: 0.574, p = 0.122), underweight/normal.(OR: 1.01, p = 0.810), or smoking (OR: 1.227, p = 0.990). Concl.sion: Resul.s reveal.d women with higher education l.vel., hypertension, or diabetes are l.ss l.kel. to have a successful.VBAC-1. Understanding the compl.x interactions affecting these outcomes is aimed at establ.shing guidel.nes for heal.hcare professional. to conduct systematic risk/benefit assessments. This study l.ys a foundation for evidence-based practices and pol.cies, offering initial.insights into VBAC-1 success factors in Puerto Rico.

关键词： Diabetes Hypertension Obesity Trial.of l.bor Vaginal.Birth after Cesarean

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Formal.Verification of Functional.Correctness for Mutexes in Microkernel

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Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal.of Software 2024年第9期35卷

作者： Zhang l.-Y. l. X.-M. Shi Z.-P. Guan Y. Cao Q.-X. Zhang Q.-Y. Information Engineering Col.ege Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Beijing Key l.boratory of El.ctronic System Rel.abil.ty Technol.gy Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technol.gy Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

Operating systems are the key foundational.components of the software stacks empl.yed in many safety-critical.scenarios. A tiny error or l.ophol. in the operating system may cause major fail.res of the overal. software system, resul.ing in huge economic l.sses or endangering human l.ves. Thus, the correctness of the operating system shoul. be verified to reduce the number of such accidents. Traditional.testing methods cannot guarantee the exhaustive detection of potential.errors in the target system. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt formal.methods based on strict mathematical.theories for verifying operating systems. In an operating system, mutexes are util.zed to coordinate the access of shared resources by tasks and they are a typical.means of task synchronization. The functional.correctness of mutexes is the key to the correct functioning of mul.i-task appl.cations. Based on the theorem proof method, this study conducts formal.verification on the code of the mutex modul. of a preemptive microkernel.in an interactive theorem prover Coq, gives the formal.specifications of the interface functions of this modul., and formal.y proves the functional.correctness of these interface functions. © 2024 Chinese Academy of Sciences. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： Coq theorem prover formal.verification functional.correctness mutex theorem proof

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